Te Tiaki i tō Pūnaha Paewhiri Rā ki te Haumaru mā te Tiaki Uira
Kei te piki haere te rongonui o te whakamahinga o ngā panera rā (PLTS) i roto i ngā kāinga, i ngā whare arumoni, me ngā whare ahumahi. Haunga te penapena i ngā utu hiko me te tautoko i te pūngao ma, ka piki ake te uara o ngā rawa i te tāutanga o ngā panera rā. Heoi, kotahi te mōrearea e warewarehia ana: ko ngā whiunga uira me ngā ngaohiko hiko i puta mai i ngā mahi uira tata. Ki te kore he tiaki tika, ka taea e te uira te kino i ngā panera, i ngā inverters, i ngā pākahiko, tae atu ki ngā taputapu hiko i roto i te whare. Koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi nui ai ngā tokotoko uira me ngā pūnaha tiaki uira ki te pupuri i tō pūnaha panera rā kia haumaru, kia pono hoki.
He aha ngā panera rā e pāngia ai e te uira?
Ko ngā panera rā e tāutahia ana i ngā wāhi tuwhera me ngā hanganga teitei pēnei i ngā tuanui, ngā tuanui, ngā hanganga rānei pērā i ngā hanganga i runga i te whenua. Mā ēnei wāhi ka nui ake te pānga o ngā papa hiko o te hau i ngā wā tupuhi. Hei tāpiri, he roa ngā ara kawe hiko o ngā pūnaha PV rā—ngā taura DC mai i ngā kōwae ki te inverter, ngā taura AC ki te panera hiko, me ngā anga whakarewa me ngā raina whenua. Ina pā tika mai te uira, ina puta mai rānei te uira i te taha tata, ka taea e te kaha nui te "ringi" mā roto i ngā taura me ngā anga, ka puta ai ngā ngaru hiko e kino ai ngā wāhanga hiko tairongo.
He mea nui kia mārama koe kāore e puta tonu te kino mai i te pānga tika ki te panera. Ka taea hoki e ngā rākau, ngā pourewa, te whenua rānei e tata ana ki te whare te whakaputa hiko i roto i ngā taura o te tipu hiko o te rā e pā ana ki te uira. Ko ngā inverters me ngā taputapu aroturuki te nuinga o te wā e tino ngoikore ana nā te mea kei roto i a rātou ngā wāhanga semiconductor e tairongo ana ki ngā ngaru hiko.
Ngā Rakau Uira: Ehara i te mea ko te "Hopu" Uira anake
He maha ngā wā ka hē te whakaaro ki te kupu "rakau uira" hei taputapu hei ārai i te uira kei pā. Ko te mea pono, kāore te pūnaha tiaki uira (LPS) e aukati i te uira, engari e whakarato ana i tētahi ara haumaru mō te rere o te ia uira ki te whenua. Ko tōna kaupapa he whakaiti i te mōrearea o te ahi, te kino o te hanganga, me te kino o ngā taputapu hiko, tae atu ki ngā pūnaha panera rā.
Ko te pūnaha parenga uira pai ko:
1. Te pūnga hau (finial/roopu) te kaiārahi hopu rānei i tētahi pūwāhi.
2. He taura whakaheke e kawe ana i te ia o te uira.
3. Pūnaha whenua hei tuku haumaru i te iahiko ki te whenua.
4. Pūrere Ārai Ngaru (SPD) hei ātete i ngā ngaru ngaohiko i runga i ngā raina DC me AC.
Mō ngā PLTS, kāore e ranea ngā tokotoko uira anake mēnā kāore i te honoa ki te SPD me te hononga/whakatakoto whenua tika.
Te Tūponotanga o te Uira i roto i ngā Pūnaha Hiko o te Rā: Ngā Ngaronga Tuturu
Ko ngā pānga o te uira ki ngā pūnaha papa rā ka taea:
– Te kino o te inverter: tētahi o ngā wāhanga tino utu nui, ā, ko te mea tino pāngia e ngā ngaru hiko.
– Te kino o te kōwae panera: ngā wāhi wera, ngā kapiti moroiti, te kino rānei o te pouaka hononga.
– Te kino o te pākahiko me te kaiwhakahaere utu: i roto i ngā pūnaha ranu/kore-whatunga, ka taea e ngā pikinga ngaohiko te kino i te BMS, i te kaiwhakahaere rānei.
– Ngā raruraru aroturuki me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero: ka mate pea ngā taputapu pupuri raraunga, ngā pouara, tae atu ki ngā mita atamai.
– Ahi: ka taea e ngā ia uira nui te whakaoho i ngā mura, te whakarewa i ngā taura, te kino rānei i te whakamarumaru.
Haunga ngā utu whakatika, ko te wā e kore ai e mahi te tipu hiko o te rā ka ngaro te whakaputanga hiko me ngā penapena.
Āhea koe e hiahia ai ki te tokotoko uira?
I te nuinga o te wā, ka nui ake te hiranga o te tiaki uira mēnā:
– Kei tētahi wāhi e kaha ana te uira (he maha ngā rā whatitiri) te whare.
– Ka tāutahia ngā panera rā ki runga i ngā whare teitei, ka tū motuhake rānei ki ngā wāhi tuwhera.
– He maha ngā hanganga teitei ake e tata ana (ngā pourewa, ngā rākau teitei) ka taea te whakaputa i te rerekētanga o te pūmanawa o te whenua ina pāngia.
– Pūnaha hiko pūngao rā utu nui (kaha nui, kaitahuri kounga teitei, pākahiko).
– Ngā taputapu kāinga tairongo (ngā tūmau, ngā taputapu aunoa, ngā taputapu hauora, me ētahi atu).
Hei tino māramatanga, ko te mea pai me whakahaere he tātaritanga mōrearea e whai ana i ngā paerewa tiaki uira e tika ana.
Ngā Wāhanga Hira o te Parenga Uira mō ngā Whare Hiko o te Rā
1. Pūnaha Ārai Uira o Waho (LPS)
Kua hangaia ngā LPS o waho hei tiaki i ngā hanganga whare mai i ngā pānga tika o te uira. Me whai whakaaro te whakatakotoranga o ngā taunga wai me ngā putorino ki te rohe tiaki kia mōhio ai kei roto ngā panera rā i te "rohe haumaru". I te nuinga o te wā, me whakanoho ngā panera rā o te tuanui ki roto i te rohe tiaki, me whakarite rānei te LPS hei tiaki i te rohe panera.
Ngā mea hei mōhio:
– Me poto, me tika hoki te ara o te ara hiko whakararo.
– Āta karohia ngā piko koi e whakanui ana i te aukati.
– Whakamahia ngā kaiārahi hiko he paerewa te rahi.
– Me whakarite kia kaha ngā hononga ā-ringa, ā, kia ātete hoki ki te waikura.
2. Te Whakatakotoranga me te Here Tika
He mea nui te whakatū whenua. Ki te kore e tika te whakatū whenua, ka kitea pea e ngā ia uira ētahi atu ara mā roto i ngā whakaurunga hiko me ngā taputapu hiko.
Ngā mātāpono nui:
– Me herea ngā wāhanga whakarewa katoa e tika ana (te anga panera, te hanganga whakairi, te pouaka whakakotahi, te anga hurihuri) ki te pūnaha whenua.
– Whakamātauria he pūnaha whenua whakauru: kāore e "tū motuhake" te whenua o te panera rā me te whenua o te tokotoko uira ki te kore he whakamahere, nā te mea he morearea te rerekētanga pūmanawa.
– Mā ngā uara ātete oneone pai ka āwhina i te tohatoha pūngao kia haumaru ake (ka rerekē ngā tatauranga whāinga i runga i ngā paerewa me ngā āhuatanga o te oneone).
3. Pūrere Tiaki Ngaru (SPD) Raina DC
Kua tāutahia he SPD DC hei tiaki i te ara mai i te kōwae ki te pouaka inverter/combiner. He mea nui tēnei SPD nā te mea ka taea e te aho panera te mahi hei "pūihi" e hopu ana i te awe uira.
Ngā taunakitanga whānui:
– Tāutahia te DC SPD tata ki te inverter me/ranei ki roto i te pouaka whakakotahi, i runga i te hoahoa o te pūnaha.
– Kōwhiria he SPD me te whakatauranga e ōrite ana ki te ngaohiko me te whirihoranga aho DC (hei tauira, 600V/1000V/1500V DC).
– Me whakarite kei reira he tohu tūnga, ā, he māmā noa iho te whakakapi ina "oti" te mahi.
4. Te Raina AC SPD me te Parenga i te Paewhiri Matua
Haunga te taha DC, me tiaki hoki te taha AC:
– Kua tāutahia te AC SPD ki te papa tohatoha e tata ana ki te inverter me/ranei te papa matua o te whare.
– Mena he whatunga PLN kei reira, ka puta mai pea ngā ngaru hiko mai i te taha o ngā ratonga hiko, ehara i te mea mai i ngā panera rā anake.
Mō te tiakitanga nui rawa atu, ka whakamahia pinepinetia te ariā o te tiakitanga paparanga (cascade): SPD i te tomokanga ratonga me te SPD tāpiri tata ki ngā taputapu nui.
5. Te Tiakitanga o te Ara Raraunga/Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero
He maha ngā pūnaha PV o te rā e whakamahi ana i te RS485, Ethernet, me ētahi atu raina whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Ka taea hoki e ēnei raina te kawe i ngā ngaru hiko. Whakamahia:
– SPD mō te Ethernet/RS485 mēnā kei waho o te rūma, kei te roa rānei te taura.
– Whakaritea ngā taura whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kia matara atu i ngā raina hiko e ngāwari ana ki te whakapūngao hiko.
Ngā Tikanga Tāutanga hei Āwhina i te Whakaiti i te Mōrearea
Haunga ngā taputapu, he mea nui anō hoki ngā whakaritenga tāutanga:
– Kia poto, kia ātaahua hoki ngā taura, karohia ngā koropiko nui e whakanui ana i te hiko.
– Wehea ngā aho DC me te aho AC mai i te aho hiko o te tokotoko uira.
– Whakamahia ngā paipa/wai pai me te whakahaere taura pai hei whakaiti i ngā kino ā-ringa.
– Me whakarite kia piri te hononga MC4 me te pouaka hononga, hei ārai i te makuku me te waikura ka kino ake ai te pakaru i te wā e ngaru ana.
Te Tiaki me te Tirotiro Auau
Ehara ngā pūnaha ārai uira i te "tāuta ka warewarehia." Tirohia rātou i te iti rawa i te kotahi i te tau, i muri rānei i tētahi awha nui:
– Tirohia te tohu SPD (he matapihi kakariki/whero tō te nuinga o ngā SPD).
– Kia tino mohio kei te wetekina, kei waikura rānei te hononga whenua.
– Tirohia te hiko whakararo me ōna here.
– Inehia te ātete o te whenua i ia wā, inā koa mēnā ka rerekē te āhua o te whenua (te wā maroke, te hanga whare, te keri).
Ki te kitea e koe kua kore te SPD e mahi ana, whakakapia tonutia, nā te mea ka kore e whai hua te parenga ngaru.
Whakamutunga
Ko te tiaki i te pūnaha panera rā kia haumaru mai i te uira me whai huarahi whānui: te tiaki uira o waho mō ngā pānga tika, te whenua tika me te hononga hei whakahaere i te pūngao, me ngā SPD i ngā taha DC, AC, me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero hei ātete i ngā ngaru hiko. He haumitanga roa ngā panera rā, ā, he mea nui te pūnaha tiaki uira kia noho haumaru, kia pumau, kia whakaputa pūngao tino pai mō ngā tau e haere ake nei.
Mena kei te whakaaro koe ki te tāuta, ki te whai pūnaha PV rā rānei, whakaarohia te kōrero ki tētahi tohunga hangarau e mārama ana ki ngā paerewa tiaki uira me te tāutanga. Mā te hoahoa me te tāutanga tika, ka taea e koe te pārekareka ki ngā painga o te pūngao rā me te kore e manukanuka ki te tūponotanga o te kino mai i ngā awha uira.
