Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te hononga tika mō te rahi o tō pūnaha papa rā
Ko te whiriwhiri i te huinga hononga tika (ngā hononga me te whirihoranga waea) tētahi o ngā mahi tino nui i roto i te hanga i tētahi pūnaha papa rā haumaru, whai hua, me te pakari. He maha ngā tāngata e aro ana ki te kaha o te papa, te pākahiko rānei, engari ka warewarehia ngā taipitopito iti pēnei i te momo hononga, te rahi o te taura, me te pehea te hono i ngā papa i roto i te raupapa, i te whakarara rānei. Heoi, mā ngā huinga hononga hē ka arahi pea ki te ngaronga hiko, te wera nui, tae atu ki ngā mōrearea ahi. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te pehea te whiriwhiri i te huinga hononga tika mō te rahi o tō pūnaha papa rā, mai i ngā pūnaha kāinga iti ki ngā whakaurunga nui ake.
1. Tuatahi, kia mārama ki te "rahi o te pūnaha" o ō panera rā.
Ko te rahi o te pūnaha panera rā e pā ana ki ētahi mea i te wā kotahi:
1. Mana katoa (Watt-peak/Wp): Hei tauira 500 Wp, 1.000 Wp, 3.000 Wp, me ētahi atu.
2. Ngaohiko pūnaha (V): 12V, 24V, 48V pūnaha (e noa ana mō te kore-whatunga hiko), rau ngā ngaohiko rānei mō ngā here-whatunga hiko me ngā kaitahuri aho.
3. Te au mōrahi (A): Ka teitei ake te wattage me te iti iho o te ngaohiko, ka teitei ake te au.
4. Te maha o ngā panera me te whirihoranga (raupapa/whakarara): Mā tēnei ka whakatau te ngaohiko me te ia e rere ana i roto i ngā taura/hononga.
He aha te hiranga o tēnei? Nā te mea me rite te whiriwhiringa o te hononga ki ngā whakatauranga ngaohiko me te ia o te hononga, te taura, me ngā taputapu tiaki pēnei i ngā fiusi me ngā MCB DC.
2. Kia mōhio ki ngā momo ara iahiko hononga: raupapa, whakarara, me te whakakotahitanga
a) Hononga raupapa
I roto i te ara iahiko raupapa, i te pikinga ake o te ngaohiko, ka noho tonu te iahiko. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei hei whakanui ake i te ngaohiko hei whakaiti i ngā ngaronga hiko i roto i ngā taura, inā koa i ngā tawhiti roa, hei whakatika rānei i te tāuru o te MPPT/inverter.
– Ngā Painga: he iti ake te iahiko, ka taea te whakaiti i ngā taura, ka whakaitihia ngā mate I²R.
– Ngā ngoikoretanga: ki te mea he atarangi/he raruraru tētahi panera, ka tino heke te mahi a te ara iahiko.
b) Hononga whakarara
I roto i te ara iahiko whakarara, ka piki ake te iahiko, engari ka noho tonu te ngaohiko. He mea noa tēnei mō ngā pūnaha ngaohiko iti pēnei i te 12V/24V, inā koa i roto i ngā pūnaha iti kei waho o te whatunga hiko.
– Ngā Painga: he pai ake te aro ki ngā atarangi i runga i te papa kotahi (kāore te pānga i te tino kino pērā i te raupapa).
– Ngā ngoikoretanga: he nui te iahiko, me matotoru ake ngā taura me te hononga/whakakotahi tika.
c) Huinga raupapa-whakarara
Mō ngā pūnaha reo-waenga ki te rahi, ka whakaritea ngā panera kia raupapa, kātahi ka honoa kia whakarara mā roto i tētahi pouaka whakakotahi. Mā tēnei ka āwhina i te whakatutuki i te ngaohiko whakahaere tika me te whakatutuki i te mana katoa e hiahiatia ana.
3. Kia tino tutuki te hononga i te paerewa (ko te MC4 te tikanga) ā, kia rawaka te whakatauranga.
I te ao o ngā panera rā, ko te hononga tino noa ko te MC4 (e hototahi ana ki te MC4 rānei). Heoi, ko te mea nui ehara i te mea ko tana "hononga" anake, engari:
– Te whakatauranga o nāianei: he maha ngā MC4 noa i te mākete e whakatauria ana ki te 30A (e 20A, 30A, 45A, me ētahi atu).
– Te whakatauranga ngaohiko: ka taea te 600V, 1.000V, tae atu ki te 1.500V DC i runga i te momo me te paerewa.
– Te kounga me te tiwhikete: kei te mōrearea ngā hononga kounga iti ki te wetekina, te piki ake o te ātete me te wera rawa.
Mō ngā pūnaha iti (hei tauira, 1–2 panera), he rawaka noa iho ngā hononga MC4 paerewa. Heoi, mō ngā pūnaha nui ake, inā koa ko ērā he maha ngā aho whakarara, me whakarite kia tino haumaru te whakatauranga o nāianei me te kounga o ngā hononga.
He kōrero nui: Kaua e whakaranua ngā hononga "hototahi ki te MC4" mai i ngā waitohu rerekē mēnā kāore i te tino tika te taunga. He maha ngā wā ka wera rawa te hononga nā te mea kāore ngā hononga i te tino ōrite, ahakoa he āhua ōrite.
4. Whakatauhia te ara iahiko hono i runga i te mana me te ngaohiko o te pūnaha
a) Ngā pūnaha iti (±100–600 Wp) – ko te tikanga he 12V, he 24V rānei
I runga i tēnei tauine, ka kitea pinepine:
– 1–2 ngā panera 100–200 Wp mō te 12V
– 2–4 ngā panera mō te 24V
Ara iahiko hononga e tika ana:
– Raupapa hei whakatutuki i te ngaohiko MPPT tino pai (hei tauira, e 2 ngā panera i roto i te raupapa mō te 24V MPPT)
– He iti te whakarara mēnā e hiahia ana koe ki te whakanui ake i te mana me te kore e whakanui ake i te ngaohiko, engari ka piki ake te iahiko
Kia mōhio mai:
– Ki te mea he whakarara, whakamahia he MC4 peka-Y kounga teitei, me te tatau tonu i te iahiko katoa.
– Ka taea e koe te whakaaro ki tētahi mīhini whakakotahi iti mō tētahi pūnaha ma ake, haumaru ake hoki, ahakoa mō tētahi pūnaha iti.
b) Pūnaha waenga (±600–3.000 Wp) – 24V, 48V rānei (kāore i te whatunga) / he kaitahuri aho iti
I tēnei rahi, tera pea kua whai aho kē koe. Ngā aho honohono e taunakitia ana:
– Kua whakaritea ngā panera ki roto i te aho raupapa e ai ki te awhe whakauru o te MPPT, o te inverter rānei.
– He maha ngā aho kua whakararatia i roto i te pouaka whakakotahi.
Ngā wāhanga hono nui:
– Pouaka whakakotahi me te fiusi/aho fiusi, te DC MCB rānei mō ia aho
– SPD (ārai ngaru) mēnā he wāhi e pāngia ana e te uira
– He hononga MC4 me te whakatauranga tika me te whakapiko tika
Ko te take mō te whakamahi i te pouaka whakakotahi: hei whakakotahi i ngā aho whakarara maha, me te kore e whakarārangi i ngā hononga peka-Y e raru ana, e wera ana rānei.
c) Ngā pūnaha nui (≥3.000 Wp ki ngā tekau kWp) – te nuinga o te wā he ngaohiko teitei (here whatunga)
Mō ngā pūnaha here whatunga hou, ka eke ngā aho ki ngā rau volts DC. Me tino kaha te whiriwhiri i ngā hononga:
– Me whakarite kia ōrite te whakatauranga ngaohiko o te hononga (hei tauira, 1.000V/1.500V DC) ki te hoahoa aho.
– Whakamahia ngā whakawehenga PV DC, ngā SPD, me te tiakitanga kia rite ki ngā paerewa tāutanga.
– Ko te tikanga mā te whakamahi i tētahi pouaka whakakotahi, mā te whakamahi tika rānei i tētahi kaitahuri aho, i runga anō i te hoahoa.
I tēnei tauine, ka pā mai he pānga nui ki ngā hapa iti: ka pā mai he werawera me te rahunga o te pūnaha mēnā kāore i whakatauria he hononga, he kume kino rānei.
5. Ko te rahi o te taura he wāhanga o te ara iahiko hono
Kei roto i te ara iahiko hononga ehara i te mea ko ngā hononga anake, engari ko ngā taura PV anō hoki. Tīpakohia te taura i runga i:
– Iahiko mōrahi (Isc katoa mēnā he whakarara)
– Te roa o te taura (te hekenga ngaohiko)
– Te pāmahana taiao (te hekenga iho)
– Momo taura PV motuhake (ātete ki te UV me te pāmahana)
Hei aratohu mahi:
– Ka nui ake te iahiko, ka nui ake te wāhanga whakawhiti o te taura (mm²).
– Mō ngā tawhiti roa, he pai ake te whakanui ake i te ngaohiko (kia nui ake te raupapa) i te whakanui ake i te taura.
Ngā taura PV noa: 4 mm², 6 mm² rānei mō ngā whakaurunga kāinga, engari mō ngā iahiko teitei me ngā tawhiti roa, me 10 mm², neke atu rānei te rahi—me tatau katoa ēnei, kaua e whakaaro noa.
6. Kia tūpato ki te tiakitanga ina hono ana i te taha whakarara.
Ki te whakarara koe i ngā aho maha, ka:
– Ka taea e te iahiko whakahoki mai i ētahi atu aho te rere ki te aho hapa.
– Nō reira, e hiahiatia ana he fiusi mō ia aho (i runga i te maha o ngā aho me ngā whakaritenga o te kōwae).
He ture whānui tēnei: mēnā e toru, neke atu rānei ngā aho e whakarara ana, me tiaki ia aho. Heoi anō, me whakawhirinaki te whakatau whakamutunga ki te pepa raraunga o te panera (te whakatauranga mōrahi o te fiusi raupapa), te hoahoa pūnaha, me ngā paerewa tāutanga.
7. Ko te kounga o te whakapiko me te tāutanga e whakatau ana i te haumaru.
Ahakoa ngā hononga pai rawa atu, ka pakaru pea mēnā kāore i te pai te tāutanga. Kia tino mohio:
– Whakamahia ngā kūmau kume MC4 e tika ana
– Kāore e tapahia rawatia ngā aho taura
– Kua mau te hononga (pāwhiri/maukati)
– Kāore he hononga "iri" e pāngia ana e te wai, whakamahia he whakahaere taura pai
– Āta karohia ngā hononga "whakapiko, kātahi ka wehea" mō te DC PV—he tino morearea tēnei.
Ka whakanui ake te ātete i ngā hononga wetekina. Ka piki ake te ātete i ngā iahiko teitei = te wera. Ka heke te kirihou o te hononga, ā, ka mura pea.
8. Tauira mō te whiriwhiri i tētahi ara iahiko hono (māmā)
Hei tauira, e 6 āu panera 450 Wp, me whakamahi e koe mō tētahi kaitahuri aho me tētahi awhe MPPT.
– Ka taea e koe te hanga i ngā aho e rua, e toru ngā panera raupapa o ia aho.
– Kātahi ka whakararatia ngā aho e rua i roto i te whakakotahi, ka honoa tika rānei ki te inverter mēnā e rua ngā tāurunga MPPT o te inverter.
Ngā whakaritenga mō te hononga:
– Ngā hononga MC4 kounga teitei mō ia panera
– Taura PV e ai ki te au aho
– Mēnā he whakarara: he whakakotahi + he fiusi DC/MCB e tika ana
Ko te tino take: ko te hoahoa raupapa/whakarara e whakatau ana i te ngaohiko me te ia, ā, mai i reira ka whakatauhia ngā taputapu hono me ngā taputapu tiaki.
Whakamutunga
Ko te whiriwhiri i te huinga hononga tika mō te rahi o tō pūnaha papa rā ka tīmata mā te mārama ki te mana katoa, te ngaohiko pūnaha, te iahiko mōrahi, me te whirihoranga raupapa-whakarara. Ka taea e ngā pūnaha iti te whakamahi i ngā hononga MC4 paerewa me ngā hononga māmā, ko ngā pūnaha reo-ki-rahi me whakamahi i ngā pouaka whakakotahi, te tiaki ia-aho, me te aro nui ki ngā whakatauranga ngaohiko me te iahiko. Kaua e wareware ko te rahi o te taura, te kounga o te hononga, me te tikanga kume he mea nui ki ngā tataunga papa tonu. Mā te huinga hononga tika, ka pai ake te mahi a tō pūnaha papa rā, ka haumaru ake, ka roa ake hoki mō ngā tau.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te āwhina i a koe ki te whakatakoto i tētahi tūtohutanga whirihoranga raupapa/whakarara me tētahi rārangi o ngā wāhanga hono i runga i ō raraunga motuhake (te maha o ngā panera, ngā whakatakotoranga Voc/Vmp/Isc, te roa o te taura, te momo inverter/MPPT, me te ngaohiko pākahiko mēnā e tika ana).
