Aromatawai Mahi o te Papu Wera Geothermal
Ko te papu wera whenua (GSHP) he hangarau whakamahana me te whakamatao whare e whakamahi ana i te pāmahana pumau o te whenua hei pūtake wera me/ranei hei totohu. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā pūnaha tahunga tikanga, ki te hauhautanga tikanga rānei, ko ngā papu wera whenua he nui ake te whai huatanga o te pūngao, he iti ake ngā utu whakahaere, me te iti ake o ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi. Heoi, ko ēnei painga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hoahoa, te kounga tāutanga, ngā āhuatanga whenua ā-rohe, me ngā tikanga whakahaere. Nō reira, he mea nui te aromatawai i te mahi a te papu wera whenua kia pai ai te mahi a te pūnaha, kia kitea wawe ai ngā raruraru, kia pai ai te whai huatanga puta noa i tōna roanga mahi.
Te Kaupapa Mahi me ngā Wāhanga Matua
I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakawhiti te GSHP i te wera mai i tētahi wāhi ki tētahi atu mā te whakamahi i te huringa whakamatao. I roto i te aratau whakamahana, ka tangohia te wera mai i te whenua mā roto i te koropiko whenua kei roto he wai (wai, he ranunga wai-ātete huka rānei). Kātahi ka whakanuia te pāmahana e te compressor ka tohatoha ki te pūnaha tohatoha wera o te whare. I roto i te aratau whakamatao, ka hurihia te tukanga: ka whakawhitia te wera mai i roto ki te whenua.
Ko ngā wāhanga matua e whakatau ana i te mahi ko: (1) te waeine papu wera (pūwero, whakamomona, whakakōkī, takirere whānui), (2) te whakawhiti wera whenua (GHE) he porowhita whakapae, he poutū (pūwero wai), he pūnaha tuwhera rānei (e tango ana i te wai whenua me te whakahoki mai), (3) te papu tohanga wai porowhita whenua, (4) te pūnaha tohatoha i roto i te whare (hei tauira, te papa hihi, te koiri pā, te kaiwhakahaere hau rānei), me te (5) te pūnaha whakahaere me te pūoko.
He aha i Hiahiatia ai te Aromatawai Mahi?
Ahakoa he whai hua te ariā, i roto i te mahi he maha ngā āhuatanga ka whakaiti i te mahi: te rahi koretake o te poka wai, te kounga iti o te waikeri ka hua ake te whakawhiti wera koretake, te rere o te wai kāore i te tika, te hau kei roto i ngā paipa, te poke o te whakawhiti wera, ngā rautaki whakahaere kāore i te tika rānei. Ka whakahaerehia te aromatawai mahi hei whakautu i ngā pātai matua: te nui o te pūngao hiko e whakamahia ana hei whakaputa i tētahi kaha whakamahana/whakamatao, mēnā ka heke/piki te pāmahana o te oneone mō te wā roa (te nekenekehanga wera), me te mea kei te mahi tonu te pūnaha puta noa i te wā.
Ngā Tohu Mahi Matua: COP me EER
Ko ngā tawhā tino noa ko te Tauwehenga Mahi (COP) mō te whakamahana me te Ōwehenga Whai Hua Pūngao (EER) mō te whakamatao. Ko te COP te ōwehenga o te pūngao wera e tukuna ana ki te kawenga (kW_th) ki te mana hiko e pau ana i te pūnaha (kW_e). Ko te teitei ake o te COP, ko te whai hua ake o te pūnaha. He rite te ariā o te EER mō te whakamatao, e whakaatuhia ana i roto i te Btu/Wh, engari ka taea te huri ki te ōwehenga.
I te aromatawai, he mea nui kia wehewehea te COP o te waeine (ko ngā wāhanga o te pūwero me te papu wera o roto anake) me te COP o te pūnaha (tae atu ki te papu tohanga whenua-roopu, te pā hau whakahaere hau, me ngā wāhanga tāpiri). I te nuinga o te wā, ka kitea te COP o te waeine he teitei, engari ka tino heke te COP o te pūnaha mēnā ka nui rawa te mahi o te papu tohanga, kāore rānei i te whai hua ana mana whakahaere.
Ngā Tikanga Ine me ngā Raraunga e Hiahiatia ana
Ko te aromatawai mahi me whai inenga whānui kia kore ai e puta he hua hē. Ko ngā raraunga iti rawa e pai ana ko:
1. Mana hiko: ngā inenga kWh mō ngā pūwero hiko, ngā papu tohanga, ngā pā hau, me te pūnaha katoa. Mā te whakamahi i ngā mita motuhake (te ine-iti) ka āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā wāhanga maumau.
2. Te pāmahana tomo/putanga (T_in/T_out) i te taha porowhita whenua me te taha kawenga (wai whakamahana/whakamatao, hau rānei), hei tatau i te whakawhiti wera.
3. Te tere rere o te wai i roto i te porowhita whenua me te ara iahiko kawenga. Ka hua ake pea ngā hapa i roto i ngā inenga rere i ngā tataunga kaha hē.
4. Ngā āhuatanga whakahaere: te pūwāhi tautuhinga whakamahana, te aratau mahi, te roa o te whakahaere, te huringa whakaweto me te whakaweto, me ngā raraunga huarere (te pāmahana hau o waho, te haumākū).
5. Ngā tawhā oneone (mēnā e wātea ana): te kawe wera, te kaha wera rōrahi, te hohonutanga o te wai whenua, me te hanganga poka wai.
Ko te tatau i te kaha wera i roto i te porowhita e whakamahi ana i te whārite taketake:
Q = ṁ × c_p × (T_out − T_in) ,
ko Q te tere whakawhiti wera (kW), ko ṁ te tere rere papatipu o te wai, ā, ko c_p te wera motuhake o te wai. Mai i konei, ka taea te tatau i te COP o te pūnaha hei Q wehea e te mana hiko katoa.
Whakamātautau Urupare Wera
Mō ngā pūnaha porowhita poutū, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia he Whakamātautau Urupare Wera (TRT) i mua, i muri rānei i te tāutanga hei aromatawai i te kaha whakawhiti wera o te oneone me te poka wai. Ka werohia e te TRT te wera i tētahi tere kua tohua ki roto i te poka wai, ā, ka tirohia te huringa pāmahana wai i roto i te wā. Ka whakaratohia e ngā hua he whakatau tata mō te kawe wera whai hua o te oneone me te ātete wera o te poka wai. Mena he teitei te ātete o te poka wai, tera pea nā te ngoikore o te keri, te whakaurunga paipa kāore i te tino pai, ngā āputa rānei. He mea nui tēnei mōhiohio hei whakamana i te hoahoa roa o te poka wai, me te karo i te iti o te rahi, ka taea ai te whakaiti i te mahi i ngā wā tino pukumahi.
Aromatawai ā-Wā me te Mahi ā-Roa
Kāore te mahi a te papu wera whenua e inehia ana i roto i te whakaahua kotahi anake. Me aromatawai te pūnaha i roto i tētahi wā e ranea ana hei hopu i ngā rerekētanga o te kawenga me ngā āhuatanga o te oneone. Ina nui te wera o te takurua (i ngā rohe e whā ngā wā) me te whakamatao rānei (i ngā rohe pārūrū/tāone nui), ka puta te whakawhiti wera kore taurite. Ka taea e tēnei taurite te whakaoho i ngā huringa o te pāmahana oneone; hei tauira, ka kohia te wera i roto i te oneone e te whakamatao nui, ka piki ake te pāmahana o te porowhita whenua e haere mai ana, ka whakaitihia hoki te EER i roto i te wā.
Ko tētahi tohu nui mō te wā roa ko te ia o te pāmahana wai e tomo mai ana (EWT) o te papu wera. Ko te pikinga tonu o te EWT i roto i tētahi pūnaha whakamatao-matua, te hekenga rānei o te EWT i roto i tētahi pūnaha whakamahana-matua, e tohu ana i te ngoikore pea o te kaha, i te kawenga taurite kore rānei i runga i te porowhita whenua. Ko ētahi otinga ko ngā poka wai tāpiri, te whakamahinga o tētahi pūnaha ranu (hei tauira, he pourewa whakamatao, he poiha iti rānei), he rautaki whakahaere rānei hei whakaiti i ngā kawenga tihi.
Ngā Take Whakahaere e Whakaiti ana i te Mahi
Ko ētahi o ngā tino take o te iti o te mahi i kitea i te wā o te aromatawai ko:
– Te tere rere kore e tika: ki te iti rawa te rere ka whakaiti i te whakawhiti wera, ka whakanui hoki i ngā rerekētanga pāmahana, ki te nui rawa ia te rere ka moumou hiko te papu tohanga.
– Te hau kua mau i roto i te koropiko: ka puta te pokanga, te haruru, te rerekētanga o te rere me te ngoikore o te mahi.
– Te tautuhinga me te mana whakahaere hē: ko te huringa poto (te tahuri me te whakaweto i ngā wā maha rawa) ka whakaiti i te whai huatanga, ā, ka tere ake te pakaru o te pūhiko.
– Te whakaranu hē o te wai ārai huka: ki te nui rawa te kukū ka piki ake te matotoru me te kaha o te papu; ki te iti rawa te kukū ka tūpono te huka i te takurua.
– Te mahi tohatoha i roto i te whare: ki te ngoikore te pūnaha tohatoha (hei tauira, ngā koiri pā paru, ngā tātari kua purua, ngā pūnaha wai kore taurite rānei), ka akiakihia te papu wera ki te mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga kāore i te tino pai.
Ngā Huarahi Aromatawai: Mai i te Aromatawai ki te Arotautanga
He maha ngā wāhanga o te aromatawai mahi pai. Tuatahi, he arotake tuhinga me te hoahoa: tirohia te kaha hoahoa, te roa o te poka wai, ngā whakaritenga papu, me ngā rautaki whakahaere. Tuarua, he tirotiro mara: tirohia ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana, ngā turuturu, te whakamarumaru paipa, me te kounga tāutanga. Tuatoru, ka mahia ngā inenga taputapu i roto i ētahi rā ki ētahi wiki i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawenga rerekē. Tuawhā, ka whakahaerehia te tātari raraunga hei whiwhi i te COP/EER o te pūnaha, te whakapaunga pūngao motuhake (kWh ia m²), me te tautuhi i ngā rerekētanga mai i ngā paearu. Hei whakamutunga, ka whakatinanahia he mahere mahi: ngā huringa whakahaere, ngā whakatikatika rere, te tiaki i te whakawhiti wera, ngā whakarerekētanga pūnaha rānei.
He maha ngā wā ka puta he penapena nui mā te arotautanga, engari kāore e hiahiatia he haumitanga nui. Hei tauira, mā te whakakapi i ngā papu tohanga tuku iho ki ngā papu taraiwa tere rerekē (VFD), te whakarerekē i ngā ānau whakahaere i runga i te pāmahana tuku, te whakaiti rānei i te huringa poto mā te tāpiri i ngā tāke ārai ki ngā pūnaha wai.
Whakamutunga
Ko te aromatawai i te mahi a te papu wera whenua he tukanga hangarau e whakakotahi ana i te ine pūngao, te tātari wera, me te māramatanga ki ngā āhuatanga oneone me ngā kawenga whare. He mea nui ngā ine mahi pēnei i te COP me te EER, engari he mea nui ake ko te COP pūnaha whānui me te pumau mō te wā roa o te pāmahana o te porowhita whenua. Mā te rahi tika, te whakamātautau urupare wera (inā tika), me te aromatawai ā-wā, ka taea e ngā rangatira me ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakarite kia tino tutuki te pai o te hangarau i oatihia. Hei whakamutunga, ko te GSHP kua arotakehia me te arotauhia tika ka taea te noho hei otinga pono mō te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao, te whakapai ake i te whakamarie wera, me te tautoko i ngā whāinga whakakore waro o te rāngai whare.
