Te Hoahoa Pūnaha Paipa mō ngā Whare Hiko Pūnaha Ā-Wharewha
He momo pūngao hou ngā rauemi waiariki, ā, he nui te kaha ki te whakaputa hiko. Ka taea te tango i te wera e rongoa ana i roto i te whenua, ka huri hei pūngao hiko mā roto i ngā hangarau me ngā pūnaha paipa kua hoahoatia pai. Ko te mārama ki te hoahoa pūnaha paipa mō ngā tipu hiko waiariki te mea nui ki te whakamahi i tēnei pūmanawa pūngao me te whai hua me te pumau.
Pendahuluan
Ka whakahaerehia ngā tipu hiko waiariki mā te whakamahi i te wera o te whenua hei whakaputa i te mamaoa, i te wai wera rānei, ka whakamahia hei taraiwa i ngā tāpine me te whakaputa hiko. Ko tētahi wāhanga nui o tētahi tipu hiko waiariki ko te hoahoa o te pūnaha paipa, e kawenga ana mō te tango me te tuku i te wera mai i te pūtake waiariki ki te tipu hiko. Kei roto i tēnei hoahoa ngā wāhanga me ngā tikanga maha, tae atu ki te keri poka, te hanga paipa, me te tāutanga whakawhiti wera.
Te Keri Puna Pūmahana
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi i roto i te hoahoa i tētahi pūnaha paipa mō tētahi tipu hiko waiariki ko te keri i ngā puna. Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā puna waiariki ki ngā wāhanga matua e rua: ngā puna whakaputa me ngā puna werohanga. Ka kukumehia e ngā puna whakaputa te wai wera mai i te puna waiariki, ko ngā puna werohanga ia ka whakahoki i te wai matao ki te whenua hei pupuri i te pēhanga o te puna.
Ngā Tikanga Keri
Me whai tikanga me ngā taputapu motuhake te keri i ngā puna waiariki nā te mea he tino kino te āhua o raro i te whenua. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whakamahi i ngā keri tere-teitei e taea ai te wero i ngā paparanga toka mārō. Me hoahoa te pūnaha keri kia tae ki ngā hohonutanga e tika ana hei kimi i tētahi pūtake wera e ranea ana, e takoto ana i raro i te mata o te Ao.
Te anga me te sima
Kia oti te keri, he mea nui kia whakakīia te puna ki te anga (paipa rino) me te whakapiri i te āputa i waenganui i te paipa me te pakitara o te puna. Ka āwhina te anga ki te ārai i te hinga o te pakitara o te puna, me te ārai hoki i te turuturu o te wai wera. Me ātete te sima e whakamahia ana ki ngā pāmahana teitei me te waikura kia mau tonu ai te pumau o te puna mō te wā roa.
Ngā Pūnaha Paipa me te Kawe Wai
Ko te hoahoa o te pūnaha paipa waiariki ko te tāuta i tētahi whatunga paipa whai hua hei kawe i ngā wai mai i te puna whakaputa ki te tipu hiko, ā, hoki atu ki te puna weronga. He mea nui te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi paipa nā te mea he tino waikura ngā waiariki.
Rauemi Paipa
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te kowiri tira me ētahi atu maitai ātete-waikura mō ngā pūnaha paipa waiariki. I ētahi wā, me whakamahi hoki i ngā koranu motuhake e ātete ana ki te waikura nui me ngā pāmahana tiketike. Hei tāpiri, mā te whakamahi i ngā paipa kua pania ki ngā rauemi tiaki pērā i te Teflon, te epoxy rānei ka āwhina i te whakaroa i te ora o ngā paipa.
Te Ārai Wera
Nā te wera rawa o ngā wai wera whenua, he mea nui kia āraihia ngā paipa hei whakaiti i te ngaronga wera i te wā e kawe ana. Ka tutuki te ārai wera mā te takai i ngā paipa ki ngā rauemi ārai pērā i te huruhuru kohuke, i ngā rauemi hangarau teitei rānei, ātete wera.
Ngā Whakawhiti Wera me te Tukatuka Wai
Kia tae te wai wera ki te mata, ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te whakawhiti wera mai i te wai ki te reo mahi (pērā i te wai, i te wai rauropi rānei i roto i te huringa Rankine). Ka tutukihia tēnei mā te whakamahi i tētahi whakawhiti wera, he mea nui tēnei i roto i te hoahoa o tētahi pūnaha paipa wera.
Ngā momo whakawhiti wera
He maha ngā momo whakawhiti wera ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā tipu hiko geothermal:
– Whakawhiti Wera Paipa Takirua: E rua ngā paipa porowhita e uru ana, ka rere te wai wera i roto i te paipa o roto, ka rere te wai matao i roto i te āputa porowhita.
– Whakawhiti Wera Anga me te Ngongo: He maha ngā ngongo kei roto i te anga. Ka rere ngā wai wera me ngā wai matao i ngā taha rerekē, ka whakawhiti i te wera mā roto i ngā pakitara o te ngongo.
– Whakawhiti Wera Pereti: He raupapa pereti whakarewa tēnei e whakawhitiwhiti ana. Ka rere ngā wai wera me ngā wai matao mā roto i ngā awa i hangaia e ngā pereti.
Ko te kōwhiringa o tētahi momo whakawhiti wera e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga maha pērā i te kaha wera, te pēhanga whakahaere, me ngā āhuatanga waiariki. Me arotake marie kia tino whai hua ai, kia pono ai hoki te pūnaha.
Te Tukatuka Wai
He maha ngā wā kei roto i ngā wai werawera ngā hau rewa ka pā mai he raruraru taiao me ngā raruraru whakahaere. Nō reira, he maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana te maimoatanga wai i mua atu, i muri rānei i te tukanga whakawhiti wera. Ka uru pea tēnei maimoatanga ki:
– Tango hau: Ka tango i ngā hau rewa pērā i te CO2 me te H2S mai i ngā wai.
– Tātari: Te tango i ngā matūriki totoka i konatunatua ki roto i te wai.
– Te maturuturunga matū: Ka tango i ngā matū kino, ka whakaiti rānei i ngā āhuatanga waikura o ngā wai.
Pūnaha Werohanga Anō Wai
Ko tētahi wāhanga nui o te hoahoa o te pūnaha paipa waiariki ko te whakahoki i te wai matao ki te whenua mā roto i ngā puna werohanga. Mā tēnei ka mau tonu te pēhanga i roto i te puna waiariki, ā, ka whakarite kia haere tonu te mahi a te tipu hiko.
Rautaki Werohanga
Ka whakahaerehia te werohanga wai mā te whakamahi i ētahi rautaki hei whakarite i te whai huatanga nui:
– Werohanga Tika: Ka whakamataohia te wai ki tētahi pāmahana kua whakaritea, kātahi ka werohangahia anō.
– Werohanga Ā-Wāhanga: Ka whakahaerea te whakamatao ā-wāhanga hei whakanui ake i te whakamahinga wera i mua i te werohanga anō i te wai.
– Te Werohanga Tonu: Te whai i tētahi huarahi e werohanga tonutia ai te wai i tētahi tere pumau, hei āwhina i te pupuri i te pumau o te pēhanga o te puna wai.
Te Whakahaere i te Puna Werohanga
Me āta whakahaere ngā poka werohanga kia kore ai e memeha (te hanganga o te paparanga kohuke) me te purua, ka ārai pea i te rere o te wai. He mea nui te whakamahi i ngā rauemi paipa tika, me te aroturuki me te tiaki i ngā poka werohanga i ia wā, hei ārai i ēnei raruraru.
Aroturuki me te Tiaki Pūnaha
He mea nui te aroturuki me te tiaki i ngā pūnaha paipa waiariki mō te hoahoa pumau me te pono. Ka whakamahia ngā pūoko me ngā taputapu aroturuki hei kite i ngā turuturu, i ngā huringa pēhanga, i te hekenga rānei o te pai o te whakamahinga wera i roto i te pūnaha.
Kaupapa Tiaki
He wāhanga nui o te hoahoa o ngā tipu hiko waiariki te whakarite i ngā mahi tiaki me ngā tirotiro auau. Kei roto i ngā tirotiro auau te tirotiro i te āhua o ngā paipa, ngā whakawhiti wera, me ngā puna. He maha ngā wā ka uru atu ki te tiaki ngā mahi ārai hei ārai i te waikura, te tauine, me ētahi atu raruraru ka pā ki te mahi a te pūnaha.
Hangarau Aroturuki
Mā te hangarau hou ka taea te aroturuki i te wā tūturu mā te whakamahi i ngā pūoko e hono ana ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere aunoa. Kei roto i tēnei hangarau:
– Ngā Pūoko Pāmahana me te Pēhanga: Ine i te pāmahana me te pēhanga i ngā wāhi rerekē o te pūnaha paipa.
– Pūoko Waikura: Ka tautuhi i te aroaro o te waikura i roto i ngā paipa me ngā taputapu.
– Pūnaha Aroturuki Taiao: Ka taea te aroturuki i te pānga ki te taiao o ngā mahi a ngā tipu hiko waiariki.
Whakamutunga
He tukanga uaua te hoahoa i tētahi pūnaha paipa mō tētahi tipu hiko waiariki e uru ana ki ngā momo kaupapa me ngā hangarau maha. Mai i te keri puna ki te kawe wai me te aroturuki pūnaha, me āta hoahoa me te whakahaere i ia wāhanga kia pai ai te whai huatanga, te pumau, me te haumaru o te mahi. Mā te mārama me te whakamahi i ngā mātāpono hoahoa me te tiaki tika, ka taea te whakamahi pai i te pūmanawa nui o te pūngao waiariki mō tētahi heke mai pūngao pumau me te ma.
