Me pēhea te whakapai ake i te mahi a te Turbine Geothermal
He wāhanga matua o te tipu hiko waiariki (PLTP) te tāwhana waiariki. Ko tana mahi he huri i te pūngao wera mai i ngā waiariki (korohū, ranunga wai-korohū, wai wera rānei) hei pūngao miihini, kātahi ka huri hei pūngao hiko mā te whakaputa hiko. Nā te mea he nui ngā utu haumitanga o ngā tipu hiko waiariki (PLTP) me te hiahia ki te whakahaere rauemi mō te wā roa, ko te whakapai ake i te mahi tāwhana he nui atu i te whakanui noa i te putanga hiko, engari me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga, te pono, me te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere me te tiaki. E whakaahua ana ngā huarahi hangarau me ngā huarahi whakahaere hei whakapai ake i te mahi tāwhana waiariki.
1. Te whakapai ake i te kounga me ngā āhuatanga o te mamaoa e tomo mai ana
He nui te pānga o ngā āhuatanga o te mamaoa e puta mai ana ki te mahi a te tāhū: te pēhanga, te pāmahana, te tere rere o te papatipu, me te wāhanga maroke. I roto i ngā pūnaha waiariki, he maha ngā wā ka kawea e te mamaoa he pata wai, he hau kore-whakapūpū (NCG), tae noa ki ngā matūriki, ngā kohuke rānei.
Ngā mahi whakapai ake e whakamahia whānuitia ana:
– Te whakanui ake i te haurua maroke: Ko te mamaoa mākū rawa ka whakanui ake i ngā ngaronga ā-hau me te mōrearea o te memeha o te mata o te tāpine. He mea nui te pupuri i ngā wehewehe, ngā mea horoi, me ngā mea tango hau hei ārai i te urunga o te wai.
– Te pumau o te pēhanga tomo me te pāmahana: Ka taea e ngā piki me ngā heke nui te whakaiti i te pai o te mahi a te tāpine me te tere ake te pakaru. Me whakarite ngā mana whakahaere o runga (te mana takirere, te whakahaere pane puna, me ngā tautuhinga whatunga kohikohi mamaoa).
– Te whakaiti i te poke: Mā te horoi i ngā paipa me ngā taputapu, te tāutanga tika o ngā tātari/tātari, me te whakahaere i te kawe mai o te tote ka āwhina i te pupuri i te mahi tōmua o te tāpine.
2. Mana hau kore-condensable (NCG).
He maha ngā papa waiariki e whakaputa ana i te CO₂, te H₂S, te N₂, me ētahi atu hau kāore e taea te whakapūpū. Ka whakaitihia te mahi a ngā NCG mā te whakanui ake i te pēhanga whakamuri o te whakapūpū, ka whakaitihia te rerekētanga enthalpy whai hua puta noa i te tāpine, ā, ka uaua ake te tukanga whakapūpū.
Me pēhea te whakapai ake i te mahi e pā ana ki te NCG:
– Te arotau i te pūnaha tango hau: Me pupuri tonu te kaha o ngā pūwero mamaoa, ngā papu korehau, ngā pūnaha ranu rānei. Me whakaiti hoki te urunga mai o te hau hei ārai i te taumahatanga nui ki te pūnaha korehau.
– Te aro turuki i te hanganga me te tere o te NCG: Mā ngā raraunga wā-tūturu, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakarite i ngā pūwāhi mahi o te pūnaha whakapūmau me te tango hau.
– Ngā whakapainga hiri: Ko ngā hiri o ngā flanges, ngā takirere, me ngā taputapu whakapūmau he maha ngā wā ka uru te hau ki roto, ka piki ake te pēhanga whakamuri.
3. Whakaitihia te pēhanga whakamuri mā te whakanui ake i te mahi a te pūnaha whakapūmau me te pūnaha whakamatao
Ko te pūwhakamātao te "hoa" o te tāpine: ki te iti te pēhanga o te pūwhakamātao, ka nui ake te mana ka taea e te tāpine te tango mai i te mamaoa. I roto i te maha o ngā tipu hiko waiariki, mā te iti o te hekenga o te pēhanga whakamuri ka nui ake te putanga.
Ngā rautaki matua:
– Te horoi i ngā paru me ngā tauine i runga i ngā whakawhiti wera, ngā ngongo whakapūmau, ngā mata whakamatao rānei. Ka āraihia te whakawhiti wera e ngā putunga kohuke.
– Te arotau i te pourewa whakamatao: Te pupuri i te āhua o te whakakī, ngā pūwero rehu, ngā pā, me te tohatoha wai. He nui te pānga o te rangi ki te mahi a te pourewa whakamatao; ka taea e te mahi urutau i runga i te pāmahana o te pūwero mākū te whakaiti i ngā ngaronga.
– Te whakahaere matū o te wai whakamatao: Ka whakaiti i te tauine, te waikura, me te tipu o ngā moroiti e whakaiti ana i te whai huatanga o te whakamatao.
4. Te tiaki i te mata o te tāhū: te horo, te waikura, me te whakatakotoranga
Ka ngawari ngā mata o ngā tāpine waiariki ki te horo o ngā pata waiariki, te waikura matū (hei tauira, te pūhaumāota/H₂S), me te whakatakotoranga o te silica, te tote rānei. Ka whakaitihia e ēnei e toru te pai o te rere o te hau, ā, ka arahi pea ki te kore taurite o te rotor.
Ngā mahi whakapai ake:
– He kaupapa tirotiro ā-wā me te karu tirotiro, te whakamātautau kore-whakangaro (NDT), me te tātari wiri hei kite wawe i ngā kino.
– Te whakapai ake i te paninga me ngā rauemi: Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi ātete ki te waikura/horo me ngā paninga motuhake i runga i te mata whakamutunga ka roa ake tōna ora me te pupuri i te āhua ā-hauora.
– Te horoi ā-ipurangi/ā-kore-ipurangi: Mā te horoi tāpoi (mēnā ka taea e te hoahoa) ka whakaitihia ngā putunga me te whakahoki mai i te mahi.
5. Te arotau i ngā pūnaha whakahaere me ngā rautaki whakahaere
He maha ngā ngaronga o te mahi i puta mai i te kore e tino pai te mahi, inā koa i te wā e utaina ana ngā kawenga hapa, ngā tīmatanga, me ngā āhuatanga o te poka e huri haere ana.
Ētahi āhuatanga nui:
– Te whakahāngai i te takirere kawana me te takirere whakahaere: Ka taea e te takirere kāore i te whakahāngai te whakararu i te mana whakahaere. Mā te whakahāngai tika ka noho te mahi ki tōna taumata tino pai.
– Te whakahaere kawenga: He pai ake te whakahaere i te tāpine i te awhe kawenga e tata ana ki te wāhi hoahoa i te whakahaere pinepine i raro iho i te kawenga ingoa.
– Mana whakahaere matatau (hei tauira, mana matapae tauira): Mā te whakamahi i ngā pūoko me ngā tauira thermodynamic, ka taea e te pūnaha te whakaiti i ngā rerekētanga me te arotau i te putanga kupenga (mana kupenga).
6. Whakaitihia te turuturu o te mamaoa me ngā ngaronga ā-mīhini
Ka puta te ngaronga pūngao tika mai i ngā turuturu mamaoa i ngā hiri repe, i ngā hononga paipa rānei. Ka pāngia hoki te whai huatanga whānui e ngā ngaronga ā-pūkaha pērā i te waku o te peera, te kore taunga tika, me te kounga o te hinu whakahinuhinu.
Ngā taahiraa whakatika:
– Te tiaki i te pūnaha hiri repe hei whakaiti i ngā turuturu me te ārai i te hau kei uru.
– Te whakatikatika me te taurite i te rotor i ia wā, inā koa i muri i ngā motuhanga nui.
– Te aroturuki i te āhua o ngā peera (te pāmahana, te wiri, te tātari hinu) kia iti ai ngā mate miihini.
7. Ngā whakapainga me ngā whakahoutanga o te hoahoa o ngā tāpoi
Mena kua roa te mahi a te tipu hiko waiariki, ka heke pea te mahi a te tāpine nā te pirau o ngā wāhanga, ā, kāore te hoahoa tuatahi e tika ana mō ngā āhuatanga o te puna wai o nāianei (hei tauira, te hekenga o te pēhanga mamaoa).
Ngā kōwhiringa whakahou noa:
– Te whakahou i ngā mata, te hanga anō rānei i ngā mata kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga o te mamaoa, kia pai ake ai te whai huatanga.
– Whakapai ake i ngā mata o te wāhanga whakamutunga hei whakanui ake i te kaha whakahaere i te tere rere me te whakaiti i ngā ngaronga i te wāhanga whakamutunga.
– Ngā whakapainga hiri ā-roto (hiri rūpahu, hiri matatau rānei) hei whakaiti i te turuturu o te mamaoa i waenga i ngā wāhanga.
– Te whakarerekētanga o te pūwero me te diaphragm hei whakapai ake i te tohatoha o te rere o te mamaoa.
I te nuinga o te wā, me whai rangahau whaihua mō ngā whakahoutanga, nā te mea me whakataurite ngā utu mō te motuhanga hiko, ngā utu whakarerekētanga, me te pikinga o te putanga (kWh) e puta mai ana.
8. Te whakahaere i ngā puna wai me te whatunga kohikohi mamaoa
He hononga tata tonu te mahi a te tāpine ki te hauora o te puna wai me te pūnaha kohikohi mamaoa. Mā te hekenga o te pēhanga o te poka, te pikinga o te tapahi wai, te kōpeketanga rānei o ngā paipa ka heke te kounga o te mamaoa e tomo ana ki te tāpine.
Ngā mahi pai rawa atu:
– Te whakahaere i te whakaputanga puna hei whakarite i te pumau o te tuku mamaoa me te ārai i te hekenga nui o te pēhanga.
– Te werohanga anō tika hei pupuri i te pumau o te puna wai me te whakaiti i te ngaronga o te enthalpy.
– Te whakamarumaru o ngā paipa me te whakaiti i te hekenga o te pēhanga: Ka whakanui ake ngā paipa kāore i te tino pai i te ngaronga o te pēhanga i mua i te taenga o te mamaoa ki te tāpine.
9. Te mamati, te tātari raraunga, me ngā KPI mahi
Ko te whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā tāpine hou e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki ngā raraunga. Mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu tika, ka taea e ngā tīma whakahaere te whakatau mēnā ko te tāpine, te pūwhakapūngao, te puna, te pūnaha āwhina rānei te take o te hekenga o te putanga.
Huarahi whai hua:
– Ngā whakamātautau mahi ā-wā mā te whakamahi i ngā paerewa whakamātautau (hei tauira, te tikanga tere wera, ngā tātaitanga whai huatanga isentropic rānei).
– Ngā KPI matua pērā i te tere wera, te mana kupenga, te pēhanga whakamuri, te maroke o te tomokanga, te tere NCG, me ngā ia o te wiri.
– Te tiaki matapae e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga hei whakaiti i ngā motuhanga ohorere, hei pupuri hoki i te mahi teitei.
10. Te haumaru me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao
Me haere tonu ngā mahi whakapai ake i te mahi ki te whakatairanga i te haumaru, inā koa ka uru pea te H₂S, ngā pāmahana teitei, me ngā pūnaha korehau ki te pūngao waiariki. He mea nui te whakahaere tukunga, te pono o ngā taputapu, me ngā tikanga whakahou ki te mahi roa, nā te mea ka hua ake i ngā aituā he nui te wā kore mahi me ngā utu.
Te Katinga
Ehara i te mahi kotahi te whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā tāpine waiariki, engari he whakakotahitanga o te arotau i te urunga mamaoa, te whakahaere NCG, te whakapai ake i te pūnaha whakamatao me te whakamatao, te tiaki i ngā mata, ngā whakatikatika whakahaere, te whakaiti i te turuturu, me ngā whakapainga hoahoa mā te whakahou ina hiahiatia. Ko te huarahi pai ko te whakamahi i ngā raraunga: te mārama ki ngā pūtake o ngā mate nui rawa atu, kātahi ka whakahaere i ngā whakapainga me ngā kaupapa matua mārama. Mā te whakamahi i ngā rautaki hangarau me ngā rautaki whakahaere tika, ka taea e ngā tipu hiko waiariki te whakanui ake i te putanga kupenga, te whakaroa i te roa o te wā, me te pupuri i te whakaputanga hiko waiariki pono mō te wā roa.
