Ngā Umu Hiko Penapena-Pūngao: Ngā Mea Me Mōhio Koe
I ngā tau tata nei, kua piki haere te rongonui o ngā oumu hiko hei whakakapi i ngā oumu hau. He maha ngā take: he whai hua ake, he āhua hou ake mō te kīhini, ā,—ko te mea nui—he kaha ake te penapena pūngao mēnā ka whakamahia tika. Heoi, ko te "whakaora pūngao" i runga i te oumu hiko ehara i te mea ko te tau wattage anake kua whakarārangihia i runga i te hua. He maha atu ngā āhuatanga e whakatau ana i te whai huatanga o te oumu ki te huri i te hiko hei wera, me te nui o taua wera e whakamahia ana hei tunu kai. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā mea matua me mōhio koe i mua i te hoko me te whakamahi i tētahi oumu hiko penapena pūngao.
1. Kia mārama ki te mahi a te oumu hiko
Ko te mahi a ngā oumu hiko mā te huri i te pūngao hiko hei wera. He maha ngā momo oumu hiko kei te mākete i te nuinga o te wā:
– Umu koiri hiko: He koiri whakarewa te wāhanga whakamahana e wera ana ina rere te hiko mā roto. He iti ake te utu, engari kāore i te rite te whai hua ki ngā hangarau hou.
– Pereti wera hiko/ouma uku: He wāhanga whakamahana kei raro i te mata karāhe-uku. He māmā ake te horoi, engari ka memeha haere te wera, ka moumou pūngao.
– Te oumu whakapūngao: Ka whakamahia he papa hikohiko hei whakamahana tika i te paraharaha (kaua e whakamahana i te oumu i te tuatahi). Ko tēnei momo te mea e kiia ana ko te mea tino penapena hiko nā te mea ka puta tika te wera i roto i ngā taputapu tunu kai.
Mena ko te whai huatanga te mea nui ki a koe, he pai ake ngā oumu hiko-ā-ringa nā te mea he tika ake te wera, ā, he tere ake te tunu kai.
2. He aha te tikanga o te "penapena hiko" i runga i te oumu hiko?
Ko te tikanga o te oumu hiko penapena-pūngao, he nui ake te hiko e whakamahia ana e koe ka hurihia hei wera mō te tunu kai, kaua e moumou ki te hau, e whakamahana rānei i te rohe e karapoti ana. I roto i te mahi, ka whakatauhia te whai huatanga o te pūngao e:
– Te whai huatanga o te whakamahana (te nui o te pūngao ka whakamahia hei wera)
– Te tere o te ekenga ki te pāmahana (ko te tere ake, ko te iti ake o te wā "e moumou" ana i te pūngao)
– Te whakahaere i te pāmahana (pūmau me te tika, ka tunu kai me te kore e hiahiatia he tāpiri wā)
– Ngā taputapu tunu kai e tika ana (ka taea e te paraharaha tika te penapena nui i te hiko)
Nō reira, ehara i te mea he moumou te oumu kaha nui (hei tauira, 2000 watts) mēnā he poto ake te wā tunu, ā, he tika te wera.
3. He whakataurite tere: te oumu hiko whakapūmau me te oumu hiko noa
Ko ngā oumu whakawera hiko te mea tino whai hua nā te mea ka wera tika te paraharaha. Ko te pānga:
– Ka tere ake te koropupū o te wai.
– Kāore e horapa nui te wera ki te rangi.
– He haumaru ake te mata o te oumu nā te mea kāore i te wera pērā i te oumu hihi (ahakoa ka wera tonu nā te pā ki te paraharaha).
I taua wā, ka whakamahanahia te mata e ngā oumu hiko hihi/ukume i te tuatahi, kātahi ka whakawhiti i te wera ki te paraharaha. Ko te tikanga o tēnei tukanga ka nui ake te ngaronga o te wera ki te taiao.
Mena kei te rapu koe i te penapena pūngao mō te wā roa, ā, kei te tunu kai tonu koe, he pai ake te whakamahi i te induction, ahakoa he nui ake te utu tīmatanga.
4. Te mana (watts) me te whakapaunga hiko: kaua e titiro noa ki ngā tau
He tokomaha e aromatawai ana i te kaha e pau ana i te oumu mā te whakamahi i tōna watt. Heoi, ko te kaha e pau ana i te hiko ka inehia i roto i te kWh (kilowatt-haora), arā, te kaha e whakareatia ana ki te roa o te whakamahinga.
Tauira māmā:
– E whakamahia ana he oumu 2000 watt (2 kW) mō te 30 meneti (0,5 hāora) → 2 × 0,5 = 1 kWh
– oumu 1000 wati (1 kW) i whakamahia mō te 1 hāora → 1 × 1 = 1 kWh
Kotahi kWh te kaha e pau ana i ngā mea e rua. Nō reira, kāore e nui ake te kaha e pau ana i tētahi oumu kaha ake—ko te mea anake e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tere me te pai o tana tunu.
5. Kōwhiria ngā āhuatanga e tautoko ana i te whai huatanga
He maha ngā āhuatanga o ngā oumu hiko ka āwhina i a koe ki te penapena hiko:
– Ngā tautuhinga taumata wera tika: Ka māmā ake te pupuri i te pāmahana me te kore e huri i te oumu kia teitei rawa.
– Taima me te whakaweto aunoa: Ka ārai i te oumu kei roa ake i te wā e tika ana.
– Te kimi i te paraharaha (whakarewa hiko anake): Ka mahi noa te oumu mēnā he taputapu tunu kai e tika ana.
– Aratau Taiao (i ētahi tauira): Ka arotau i te mahi whakamahana mō te whakamahinga o ia rā.
Ehara ēnei āhuatanga i te "tinihanga" noa iho, inā koa mēnā ka wareware pinepine koe ki te whakaweto i te oumu, ka tunu pinepine rānei koe i ngā rihi e hiahia ana kia pumau te whakahaere pāmahana.
6. Ngā taputapu tunu kai tika: he kī e warewarehia ana mō te penapena pūngao
He nui te moumou pūngao e puta ana nā ngā paraharaha kāore i te tika.
Mō ngā oumu whakauru:
– Whakamahia ngā paraharaha i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi ferromagnetic, pērā i te rino, ētahi maitai, ngā paraharaha rānei kua tohua "kua rite ki te whakauru".
– Kia papatahi te raro o te paraharaha kia tino pā ai.
Mō ngā oumu hihi/uku:
– Me papatahi, me matotoru hoki te turanga o te paraharaha kia ōrite te tohatoha o te wera, kia kore ai e nui te moumou.
– Me rite te rahi o te paraharaha ki te whānui o te whakamahana. Ka mimiti te wera ki te paraharaha iti rawa, engari ka kore e tino pai te wera ki te paraharaha nui rawa.
He mea nui anō hoki te taupoki. Mā te tunu wai, hupa, hupa rānei me te taupoki ka taea te whakapoto i te wā tunu me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao.
7. He huarahi tunu kai e penapena ana i te kaha
Me tautokona te oumu penapena-pūngao e ngā tikanga tunu kai whai hua. Anei ētahi tohutohu whai hua:
1. Whakamahia he taupoki paraharaha hei ārai i te tere o te putanga mai o te wera.
2. Tunua kia rite ki te kaha o te ahi e hiahiatia ana, kaua e whakamahia tonutia i te teitei rawa.
3. Whakamahia te wera toenga: Whakawetohia te oumu i mua ake nei mō ngā rihi ka taea tonu te tunu me te wera toenga (he pai ake mō ngā oumu uku/whakamārama).
4. Tapatapahia ngā kai kia iti ake kia tere ake ai te tunu.
5. Kaua e whakatuwhera pinepine i te taupoki o te paraharaha, nā te mea ka heke te wera, ā, ka hiahiatia he pūngao tāpiri hei whakaara anō.
6. Whakamahia he paraharaha ma, inā koa te raro. Ka taea e te paru te whakararuraru i te whakawhiti wera.
Ka pā kino tēnei tikanga ngāwari ki tō pire hiko, ina koa mēnā ka tunu kai koe i ia rā, i ia rā.
8. Te haumaru me te whakamarie: he wāhanga o te "whai hua" o te whare
Ahakoa ko te penapena pūngao tā mātou arotahi matua, he mea nui anō hoki te taha haumaru nā te mea ka taea te ārai i ngā ngaronga me te whakanui ake i te whakamarie.
– Kāore he mōrearea o ngā "ahi" tuwhera i runga i ngā oumu hiko, ā, he haumaru ake mō ngā kīhini iti me ngā whānau whai tamariki (me tirotiro tonu).
– He ngāwari te horoi i ngā oumu hiko uku, engari ka tino wera, ka noho wera hoki mō te wā roa i muri i te whakaweto.
– Me whakarite kia pakari, kia tika hoki te tāutanga hiko o tō whare, inā koa mēnā he oumu kaha te whakamahi. Whakamahia ngā putanga hiko me ngā taura kounga teitei, ā, mēnā e tika ana, me whai waea motuhake.
E kore e tutuki te whai huatanga tino pai mēnā he pūmau te hiko, he maha rānei ngā wā ka whati te MCB i te taputapu.
9. Ngā whakaaro i mua i te hoko i tētahi oumu hiko penapena hiko
I mua i te whakatau, whakaarohia:
– Auautanga tunu kai: Ki te tunu pinepine koe, he nui ake te painga o te hoko i tētahi oumu hiko.
– Te whakamahinga hiko o te whare: He nui te hiko e hiahiatia ana mō ētahi oumu hiko. Kōwhiria he tauira me te tautuhinga hiko (hei tauira, 800–2000 W) hei whakarerekē i te mana.
– Te wātea o ngā taputapu tunu kai: Mena he maha o āu paraharaha kāore anō kia hototahi ki te whakamahi i te induction, whakaarohia te utu o te whakakapinga.
– Te rahi me te maha o ngā mura: Whakaritea kia rite ki ō hiahia. Ka ngāwari ake ngā mura e rua, engari me nui ake te mana.
– Pūtāhui me te ratonga muri-hoko: He mea nui nā te mea he taputapu hiko ngā oumu hiko.
Ko te hoko i tētahi oumu penapena-pūngao ko te paunatia o ngā hiahia o ia rā, ngā utu whakahaere, me te whakamarie mō te wā roa.
Whakamutunga
Ehara i te mea ko te whiriwhiri i tētahi hua iti-watt anake te mea e hiahiatia ana mō te oumu hiko penapena-pūngao. He nui te pānga o te momo hangarau (ina koa ko te whakapūngao hiko), te kounga o te whakahaere wera, te pai o ngā taputapu tunu kai, me ō tikanga tunu kai. He tino pai ngā oumu whakapūngao hiko ki te tuku tika i te wera ki te paraharaha, ā, ka tere ake, ka whai hua ake te tunu kai. Heoi, ahakoa te momo oumu hiko e whiriwhiria e koe, ka taea tonu e koe te penapena pūngao mā te tunu kai atamai: whakamahia ngā taupoki kohua, whakatikatika i te taumata wera, whiriwhiria te paraharaha tika, me te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga taima, whakaweto aunoa rānei.
Ki te mea kei te whakaaro koe ki te hoko i tētahi oumu hiko, whakaarohia te whai huatanga hei huinga o te hangarau, te whakamahinga, me ngā taputapu kīhini. Mēnā he tika ngā kōwhiringa me ngā tikanga, ka taea e te oumu hiko te noho hei otinga hou, watea hoki, ka taea hoki te āwhina ki te whakahaere i te whakapaunga hiko i te kāinga.
