Hangarau Waka Kore-Tukunga: Te anga atu ki te kawe waka moana matomato ake
I ngā tau tata nei, kua whakaatuhia e ngā whanaketanga hangarau me ngā auahatanga i roto i te rāngai kawe waka te kaha nui ki te aro atu ki ngā take taiao. Ko tētahi rāngai e aro nui ana ko te umanga kaipuke. Neke atu i te 90% o ngā hokohoko o te ao e kawea ana e te moana, he nui te pānga ki te taiao o ngā kaipuke tuku iho e whakamahia ana te hinu pūmua. Nō reira, ko te whakawhanaketanga o te hangarau kaipuke kore-tukunga he otinga nui i roto i ngā mahi ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro me te whakatutuki i te kawe waka moana pumau ake.
1. Papamuri: Ngā Pānga Taiao o ngā Waka Tuku Iho
Ko ngā kaipuke tuku iho e whakamahi ana i ngā wahie pūmua pērā i te hinu wahie taumaha, e whakaputa ana i te hauhā waro (CO2), ngā waikura hauota (NOx), me ngā waikura whanariki (SOx), me ētahi atu matūriki e kino ana ki te taiao me te hauora o te tangata. E ai ki ngā raraunga mai i te International Maritime Organization (IMO), ko te umanga kaipuke te kawenga mō te 3% o ngā tukunga CO2 katoa o te ao. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki e te parahanga whanariki mai i te wahie kaipuke te whakaputa i te ua waikawa, he pānga kino ki ngā rauropi moana me te whenua.
Kei te piki haere te hiranga o te aro atu ki ēnei pānga taiao me ngā whakaaetanga o te ao pērā i te Whakaaetanga o Parī, e karanga ana kia whakaitihia ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi. Nō reira, ko ngā auahatanga hangarau e taea ai te whakaputa kaipuke kore-tukunga te arotahi matua ki ngā kairangahau me te umanga kaipuke.
2. Hangarau Waka Kore-Tukunga
A. Waka Hiko
Ko ngā kaipuke hiko tētahi o ngā mahi auaha matua e whakawhanakehia ana hei whakaiti i ngā tukunga mai i te rāngai kaipuke. Ka whakamahia e ngā kaipuke hiko ngā pākahiko hei pūtake pūngao matua hei whakakaha i ngā motuka hiko. Ka taea te whakakī anō i ēnei pākahiko mā te whakamahi i te hiko mai i ngā momo pūtake pūngao, tae atu ki ngā pūngao whakahou pēnei i te hau me te rā.
Heoi, ko ngā wero matua mō ngā kaipuke hiko ko te kaha me te taumaha o te pākahiko. Me nui rawa ngā pākahiko me te taumaha mō ngā kaipuke tawhiti, ā, ka pā pea tēnei ki te kaha kawe utanga. Nō reira, ko te whakawhanake i te hangarau pākahiko he nui ake te kaha me te mama ake te taumaha he arotahi matua ki te rangahau kaipuke hiko.
B. Hauwai hei Wahie
He tino ātaahua te hauwai hei wahie rerekē nā te mea ka puta he wai hei hua taha ina hurihia hei pūngao mā roto i te pūtau wahie. Mā te whakamahi i te hauwai hei wahie mō ngā kaipuke ka taea te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro.
Heoi, ko ngā wero me wikitoria ko te hanganga rokiroki me te tohatoha hauwai, tae atu ki te utu nui o te hanga hauwai. Ahakoa tēnei, kei te tipu haere tonu te rangahau me te haumi ki te hangarau hauwai, me te tumanako ka iti ake te utu me te whai hua o tēnei hangarau ā muri ake nei.
C. Te Hau me te Mana o te Rā
Kei te whakawhanakehia hoki te whakamahinga o te hau me te hiko o te rā mō ngā kaipuke hei huarahi kē atu kāore e tuku parahanga. Kua whakauruhia ētahi kaipuke ki ngā rā hou ka taea te whakamahi i te hiko o te hau hei whakaiti i te whakamahinga o ngā wahie pūmua. E kiia ana ēnei momo kaipuke he "waka whakatere hou" he "waka whakatere ranu" rānei.
Hei tāpiritanga, mā te tāuta i ngā panera rā ki runga i ngā kaipuke ka taea te whakarato i tētahi atu puna pūngao ma. Heoi, nā te rerekētanga o te hau me te āhua o te rā, ka honoa pinepinetia tēnei hangarau me ētahi atu puna pūngao hei whakarite kia rite tonu te wātea o te hiko.
D. Wahie koiora
Ko te wahie koiora tētahi atu huarahi kē atu e tūhuratia ana hei whakakapi i ngā wahie pūmua. Ka taea te whakaputa i ngā wahie koiora mai i ngā rauemi rauropi pērā i te hinu nikau, te rimurimu, te para ahuwhenua rānei. Ahakoa kei te whakaputa tonu i ngā tukunga, he iti iho i ngā wahie pūmua noa.
Heoi anō, kua ara ake anō hoki te tautohetohe mō ngā pānga taiao o te hanga wahie koiora i te whakamahinga o ngā wahie koiora, pērā i te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere mō ngā māra hinu nikau. Nō reira, me whai atu rangahau kia tino pumau ai te hanga me te whakamahinga o ngā wahie koiora.
3. Te Whakatinanatanga me ngā Wero
Kāore i te kore he wero ki te whakatinana i te hangarau moana kore-tukunga. Haunga ngā take hangarau me te utu, ka ara ake anō hoki ngā wero ture me ngā kaupapa here. Hei whakatenatena i te whakamahi i te hangarau matomato, me mahi tahi te ao me ngā kaupapa here tautoko pēnei i ngā whakatenatena pūtea, ngā tautoko, me ngā ture pakari mō ngā tukunga kaipuke.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, ko te whakawhiti ki tētahi kahui kaipuke kore-tukunga e hiahia ana kia nui te haumi ki ngā hanganga tauranga, ki te whakawhanake hangarau, me te whakangungu kaimahi. Ko te whakamahi i ngā hangarau hou e hiahiatia ana hoki he whakamātautau whānui hei whakarite i te pono me te haumaru o te mahi.
4. Ngā Akoranga Take me ngā Kaupapa Whakamātautau
He maha ngā kaupapa whakamātautau kua whakaatu mai ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā kaipuke kore-tukunga. Ko tētahi tauira ko te kaupapa "Energy Observer", he kaipuke e rere ana i te ao katoa mā te whakamahi i te hau, te rā, me te hauwai. E whakaatu ana tēnei kaupapa he otinga whai hua te whakamahi i te hangarau ranu mō te wā roa.
Hei tāpiritanga, kua oati hoki ētahi kamupene kaipuke nui, pērā i a Maersk me CMA CGM, ki te whakaiti i ā rātou tukunga hau mā te haumi ki te rangahau me te whakawhanake i ngā hangarau kaipuke kore-tukunga. He taahiraa nui ēnei kaupapa ki te oranga tonutanga i roto i te umanga kaipuke.
5. Te Anamata o te Tukunga Kore-Tukunga
I te heke mai, e matapaetia ana ka piki ake te whakamahi i ngā hangarau kore-tukunga i roto i te rāngai kaipuke me ngā whanaketanga hangarau me te whakapakari ake i ngā ture taiao. E matapaetia ana hoki ka arahi te haumi ki te rangahau me te auahatanga ki ngā otinga whai hua ake, utu iti ake hoki.
He mea nui te mahi tahi a ngā kāwanatanga, ngā umanga, me ngā whare wānanga ki te whakatutuki i tēnei moemoeā. Mā ngā mahi tika me te whakapau kaha a ngā rōpū katoa, ehara i te moemoeā noa iho te heke mai me ngā kaipuke moana kore-tukunga engari he mea tūturu.
Whakamutunga
I te aroaro o ngā wero o te huringa āhuarangi me te parahanga taiao, me huri te umanga kaipuke ki ngā hangarau kore-tukunga. Mā te whakamahi i ngā kaipuke hiko, te hauwai hei wahie, te pūngao hau me te rā, me ngā wahie koiora, e tūmanakohia ana ka hangaia he kawe waka moana e pai ana ki te taiao me te pumau. Ahakoa ngā wero, ka puta he hua nui ki te taiao me ngā whakatupuranga o muri mai i te whakatinanatanga angitu o ēnei hangarau, ā, ka whakarite kia matomato ake, kia ma ake hoki ngā huarahi hokohoko o te ao.
