Ngā Tikanga mō te Whakatō Rīwai ki ngā Wāhi Iti
Kāore e hiahiatia he wāhi nui hei whakatipu riki. Mēnā he tika ngā tikanga, ka taea te whakatipu riki i ngā māra, i ngā papa, tae atu ki ngā taupee mā te whakamahi i ngā kohua, i ngā putea maha, i ngā whata poutū rānei. Haunga te penapena wāhi, ka māmā ake te tiaki i te whakato ki ngā wāhi iti, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te tupu o ngā taru, ā, ka taea te whakahaere i te hauhake. E matapakihia ana e tēnei tuhinga ngā mahi hangarau mō te whakatipu riki i ngā wāhi iti, mai i te whakarite i te oneone ki te hauhake me te rokiroki.
Ko te mea nui ki te whakatipu riki i roto i te wāhi iti ko te whiriwhiri i te ipu tika. Me whai wāhi te riki hei tipu i te puku, engari kāore e hiahiatia he ipu hohonu rawa.
Ētahi kōwhiringa ipu:
– Rahi o te pēke maha 30–40 cm: he pai mō te hunga tīmata, he ngāwari ki te neke, ā, he iti te utu.
– Ko te whānui o te kohua he 25–35 cm: he pai mō ngā taupee, ngā taupee rānei, he ma ake.
– Pouaka whakatō: ka taea te whakanoho i ētahi atu tipu.
– Pūnaha poutū (ngā whata paparanga): ka whakanui ake i te wāhi ki runga, engari ka whakarite kia rawaka te hihi o te rā mō ia taumata.
Me whakarite kia pai ngā kōhao wai o roto i te ipu, nā te mea kāore e taea e te riki te aro ki ngā āhuatanga makuku. Ko te nui o te wai te tino take o te pirau o ngā putiputi.
2. Ngā Āhuatanga o te Whakatipu me te Whakanoho
Ko ngā mea e hiahiatia ana mō te riki whero:
– Te whiti o te rā mō te iti rawa 6–8 hāora ia rā.
– Kia pai te rere o te hau, inā koa mēnā ka whakatōkia ki te taupee, ki te kokonga rānei o te whare.
– He mahana te pāmahana, ā, kāore i te tino makuku.
Whakatōkia te tipu ki tētahi wāhi e whiti ana te rā i te ata ki te poutūtanga. Ki te mea ka whakatōkia ki te taha o te pakitara, me whakarite he wāhi hei rere mai i te hau, ā, kia kore ai e mākū tonu te oneone. I te wā ua , whakamahia he atarangi mārama (pērā i te kirihou UV) hei ārai i te mākū rawa o te oneone.
3. Whakaritea he oneone whakatō momona me he oneone whakatō marara
Me mahorahora te oneone whakatō pai, kia nui te matū rauropi, kia tere te mimiti. Mō ngā māra iti, ko te tikanga he ranunga o ngā rauemi maha hei hanga i te hanganga oneone tino pai.
Ngā tauira o te hanganga pāpāho:
– 40% oneone paru
– 40% te wairākau/paraoa kua pakeke
– 20% kiri raihi kua tahuna, kānga koko rānei
Tāpirihia he iti onepū mēnā he tino kikī rawa te oneone. Ki te taea, tāpirihia he nui o te dolomite hei whakakore i te pH (ka tupu pai te riki i te pH o te 5,5–6,5). Ka taea e te oneone he tino waikawa rawa te aukati i te mimiti o ngā matūkai.
I mua i te whakatō, me whakamātao te oneone mō ngā rā e 2–3. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakaiti i ngā mate urutā, ā, ka pumau ake te oneone.
4. Te Kōwhiri i ngā Kākano Riki Whero
Ko ngā purapura te mea e whakatau ana i te hua. Kōwhiria ngā kōpura purapura e:
– Nō ngā momo pai rawa atu, ā, he pai mō ngā mania e noho ana koe.
– He totoka ngā kōpura, kāore i pirau, kāore i whara, ā, he rahi waenga.
– Kāore e pāngia e te harore (kāore he ira pango/mā).
– Kua roa e rongoatia ana (ko te tikanga 1,5–2 marama i muri i te kotinga) kia pai ai te tipu.
Mena he roa, he maroke te pito o te tipu, ka taea e koe te tapahi i tētahi wahi iti o te pito (he angiangi noa iho) hei whakaoho i te tipu o ngā wana, engari kaua e tapahia rawatia, kei pirau.
5. Me pēhea te whakato i roto i ngā putea polybag, i ngā kohua rānei
Ngā taahiraa whakato:
1. Whakakīia te ipu ki ngā rauemi tae noa ki te 3/4 o te kīnga.
2. Waihangatia he kōhao whakatō kia 2–3 henimita te hohonu.
3. Whakatōkia ngā kūmara me te pito o te wana e anga ana ki runga.
4. Kaua e whakatōkia ngā kūmara ki te hohonu rawa; me āta kitea te tihi o te kūmara.
5. Whakakīkī mārirehia ngā mea whakato huri noa i te pūmua.
Ko te tawhiti whakatō ki roto i ngā kohua, i ngā pouaka whakato rānei, he tata ki te 10–15 henimita te tawhiti i waenga i ngā putiputi. I roto i tētahi putea maha 30–40 henimita te whānui, e 5–10 ngā putiputi ka taea te whakatō, i runga i te whānui o te ipu me te momona o te oneone.
I muri i te whakatō, whakamakukuhia te oneone kia nui te wai, kia kaua e mākū rawa.
Ko tētahi hapa noa i ngā wāhi iti ko te nui rawa o te whakamakuku. Kāore ngā riki e pai ki te oneone kua mākūkū. Ngā tauira whakamakuku e taunakitia ana:
– Wiki tuatahi: whakamakuku mārire 1–2 ngā wā i te rā (ata/ahiahi) i te wā e wera ana te rangi.
– I muri i te whakatipu: kotahi noa i te rā, i runga rānei i ngā āhuatanga o te oneone.
– Te wā ua: ka taea te whakaiti i te nui o te wai e whakamahia ana, engari kia aro ki te rerenga wai.
He huarahi māmā ki te tirotiro: whakauruhia tō matihao ki roto i te oneone kia 2–3 henimita te hohonu. Mena kei te makuku tonu, whakaroahia te whakamakuku.
7. Te Whakatōnga mō ngā Pupuhi Nui
I roto i ngā kohua, ka tere te pau o ngā matūkai. Nō reira, me auau te whakatōkia engari me haumaru kia kore ai e wera rawa, e wera ai hoki ngā pakiaka.
Kaupapa whakamomona māmā:
– Tongāmimi turanga: he wairākau/paraoa kua pakeke kua konatunatua ki roto i te oneone.
– Te whakamomona i muri mai (tīmata i te 10–14 rā): ka taea te whakamahi i te tongi rauropi wai (POC) te tongi NPK horopeta māmā rānei.
– Te wā hanga kōpura (25–40 ngā rā): whakaitihia te hauota nui, whakapakarihia te pāhare pāporo me te whākōkī hei tautoko i te whakanui i te kōpura.
Ki te whakamahi koe i ngā maniua matū, whakarewahia, ā, tāpirihia kia iti noa iho hei ārai i te tote e kohia ana ki roto i te ranunga kohua. Mā te tāpiri i tētahi paparanga angiangi o te wairākau ki te mata (te whakatōnga o runga) ka āwhina anō hoki ki te pupuri i te oneone kia momona.
8. Te tango otaota me ētahi atu tiaki
Ko te painga o te whakatipu i te kohua he iti ake ngā taru, engari me tango tonu mēnā ka puta mai. Tangohia wawe tonu ngā taru kia kore ai e whakataetae mō ngā matūkai.
Ētahi atu maimoatanga:
– Āta wetekina te mata o te rauemi kia pai ai te puta o te hau.
– Ki te tīmata te puta o ngā kōpura, tāpirihia he paparanga angiangi o te oneone hei taupoki i tētahi wāhanga o te turanga, engari kaua e puranga rawa.
– Kia tino mōhio kei tata rawa ngā tipu tetahi ki tetahi; ki te nui rawa te whakapiripiri ka mākū pea ngā rau, ka pāngia hoki e te mate.
9. Te Ārai i ngā Pepeke me ngā Mate
I roto i te wāhi iti, ka taea tonu te whakaeke i ngā pepeke pēnei i te anuhe, te thrips, te harore rānei. He māmā ake te ārai i te rongoā.
Ngā mahi ārai:
– Whakamahia ngā purapura hauora me ngā oneone ma.
– Āraia te makuku nui.
– Kia mau tonu te rere o te hau me te rama.
– Rehuhia he wai patu pepeke tipu (hei tauira, te tangohanga kāriki, te neem, te tarutaru rēmana rānei) i ia wā, mēnā ka tīmata te puta mai o ngā pepeke.
Ki te puta mai ngā tohu o te pirau, o te harore rānei, whakaitihia te whakamakuku, tangohia ngā wāhanga kua pangia, ka nekehia te kohua ki te wāhi maroke me te nui o te rā.
10. Ngā Tohu o te Kotinga me te Me Pēhea te Kotinga
Ko te tikanga, kua rite te riki mō te hauhake i muri i ngā rā 55–70, i runga i te momo me ngā āhuatanga whakatipu. Ko ngā tohu o te rite o te hauhake ko:
– Ka tīmata ngā rau ki te huri kōwhai, ka hinga.
– Kua ngoikore te pūtake o te kākano.
– He mārō te āhua o ngā kōpura, ā, kua tīmata te hanga o te kiri.
Me pēhea te hauhake:
1. Whakamakuku mārire i te rā i mua atu kia kore ai e mārō rawa te wai.
2. Hutia mārire te tipu, kaua e hutia rawa kia kore ai e whara ngā kōpura.
3. Horoia te oneone paru, kaua e horoia rawatia ngā kōpura.
I muri i te hauhake, whakamarokehia ngā riki (whakaora): Pūpūhia ngā riki ka waiho kia maroke i te hau mō ngā rā 5–10 kia maroke rawa ngā rau me ngā kiri. Mā te whakamaroke tika ka roa ake te ora o ngā riki.
11. Ngā Tohutohu mō te Kotinga Nui i ngā Rohe Iti
Ko ētahi rautaki hei whakapai ake i ngā hua:
– Whakamahia he kohua whānui kaua he kohua hohonu rawa.
– Kōwhiria he momo tika e tere ai te hua o ngā kōpura.
– Whakatakotoria he kaupapa whakato āta haere (hei tauira, i ia rua wiki) kia kore ai e hauhaketia i te wā kotahi.
– Whakamahia ngā whata poutū, engari kia tika te whiti o te rā ki ia taumata.
– Kaua e nui rawa te tongi hauota; ka matomato ngā rau, engari ka iti ngā kōpura mēnā kāore i te taurite.
Te Katinga
He tino taea te whakatipu riki i roto i tētahi wāhi iti, ā, he otinga pea tēnei mō te whakatutuki takitahi i ngā hiahia o te kīhini. Ko ngā kī ki te angitu ko te nui o te rā, te oneone mahorahora, te oneone kore-makuku, ngā tipu hauora, me te whakatō me te whakainu taurite. Mā te tiaki me te whakahaere i te haumākū i ia wā, ahakoa ngā kohua, ngā putea rānei i te kāinga ka taea te whakaputa riki hauora, nui te puku. Ki te mahia i roto i ngā wāhanga, ka taea e koe te hauhake i ngā riki hou kia pumau ahakoa kāore he whenua nui āu.
