Te Whakaora Tinana mō ngā Tūroro me ngā Mate Whanaketanga
Ko ngā hauātanga whanaketanga he āhuatanga e pāngia ai te tamaiti (te tangata rānei) e ngā whakaroa, e ngā arai rānei ki te whakatutuki i ngā taumata whanaketanga e tika ana mō te tau. Ka pā pea ēnei arai ki ngā pūkenga nekeneke whānui, ngā pūkenga nekeneke pai, ngā pūkenga reo, ngā pūkenga hinengaro, ngā whanonga, tae atu ki ngā pūkenga pāpori. He mea nui te mahi whakaora tinana i roto i te whakahaere i ēnei āhuatanga, inā koa ki te āwhina i te whakapai ake i ngā pūkenga nekehanga, te tū, te taurite, te taunga, me te mana motuhake i roto i ngā mahi o ia rā. E matapakihia ana e tēnei tuhinga te tūranga o te whakaora tinana i roto i ngā tūroro he hauātanga whanaketanga, ngā whāinga o te whakaora, ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana, me te hiranga o te mahi tahi me te whānau me te tīma maha-mātauranga.
Te Mārama ki ngā Mate Whakawhanaketanga me ō rātou Pānga
Ka rerekē ngā hauātanga whanaketanga mai i te ngawari ki te kino, ā, he rerekē ngā take. Ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga e pā pinepine ana ki ngā hauātanga whanaketanga ko te pararutiki roro , te mate Down, te mate autism spectrum disorder (ASD) me te wāhanga sensory-motor, te whakaroa whanaketanga whānui, te mate whanaketanga taunga (DCD), te spina bifida, me ētahi mate neuromuscular. Ka pāngia ētahi tamariki e te whakaroa nekehanga me te kore he tautuhi motuhake engari me āwhina tonu kia eke ki te taumata e hiahiatia ana.
Kāore te pānga o ngā hauātanga whanaketanga e kitea ana i roto i ngā pūkenga nekehanga anake, engari i roto hoki i te whai wāhi a ngā tamariki ki ngā mahi kura, ki ngā tākaro, me ngā taunekeneke pāpori. Tērā pea ka uaua ki ngā tamariki he uaua ki te noho pūmau ki te whai wāhi ki ngā mahi ako. Tērā pea ka karohia e ngā tamariki he ngoikore te taurite te tākaro me ngā hoa. Ka taea hoki e ngā ngoikoretanga nekehanga te whakaiti i te whakapono ki a rātou anō, te arahi ki te pouri, me te whakanui ake i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā mātua, ki ngā kaitiaki rānei.
Koinei te wā e tino hira ai te whakaora tinana: ehara i te mea ko te "whakangungu uaua" anake, engari ko te āwhina i ngā tamariki ki te hanga i tētahi turanga nekehanga e taea ai e rātou te ako, te tākaro, me te whai wāhi atu ki te taumata teitei ake.
Ngā Whāinga o te Whakaora Tinana mō ngā Mate Whanaketanga
Ko ngā whāinga o te whakaora tinana e arotahi ana ki te whakapai ake i te mahi, te haumaru, me te kounga o te oranga . Ko ngā whāinga whakaora ka whakaritea i te nuinga o te wā ki te tau, ki ngā hiahia, me te āhua haumanu o te tūroro. I te nuinga o te wā, ko ngā whāinga o te whakaora tinana ko:
1. Whakapai ake i ngā pūkenga nekeneke whānui pērā i te hurihuri, te ngokingoki, te noho, te tū, te hikoi, te piki me te heke i ngā arawhata, me te oma.
2. Whakapai ake i te tū me te whakahaere i te tinana kia taea ai e ngā tamariki te pupuri i tētahi tūnga pumau, pai ake hoki.
3. Whakapai ake i te taurite me te taunga o ngā nekehanga kia haumaru ake ai ngā tamariki i te wā e neke ana, kia maia ake ai hoki i te wā e tākaro ana.
4. Ārai i ngā raruraru tuarua pērā i te pakari o ngā hononga (contracture), te whanoke, te mamae, me te ngoikore nā te kore mahi.
5. Te whakapai ake i te tū motuhake o te tinana i roto i ngā mahi o ia rā, hei tauira te huri tūranga, te hikoi ki te wharepaku, te noho rānei i runga i te tūru kura.
6. Whakaratohia he mātauranga ki ngā whānau kia taea ai te whakahaere i ngā mahi whakakori tinana i te kāinga, kia mārama ai hoki ngā mātua ki te whakahaere haumaru i ā rātou tamariki.
He mea nui kia mārama ko te whanaketanga o ngā tamariki he hauātanga whanaketanga he mea āta haere tonu. Kāore te angitu o te rongoā e inehia i ngā wā katoa mā te "noa" o ngā nekehanga a te tamaiti, engari mā ngā whakapainga tūturu o te mahi me te kaha ki te whai wāhi atu ki te oranga o ia rā.
Tukanga Aromatawai: Te Pūtake o tētahi Mahere Maimoatanga
I mua i te tīmatanga o tētahi kaupapa whakaora tinana, ka whakahaerehia e te kaiwhakaora tinana tētahi aromatawai hōhonu. Ko te aromatawai ko te hītori o te hapūtanga me te whānautanga, te whanaketanga o te nekenekehanga, ngā tikanga mahi, ngā tauira kai me te moe, te hītori hauora, me te amuamu matua a te mātua. Ko te whakamātautau tinana pea ko:
– Te kaha o te uaua (he pakari rawa/he koretake, he ngoikore rawa/he koretake te kaha, he rerekē rānei)
– Te whānuitanga o te nekehanga me te ngāwari o ngā hononga
– Te kaha me te manawanui o ngā uaua
– Taurite me te taunga
– Ngā tauira nekehanga mahi (noho-tū, hikoi, pekepeke)
– Ngā urupare ā-pā (hei tauira, te aro ki te pā, ki te nekehanga rānei)
– Te ine i te whanaketanga mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu ine motuhake mēnā e tika ana
I runga i ēnei hua, ka whakawhanakehia e te kaiwhakaora tinana ngā whāinga poto me te wā roa, kātahi ka hoahoa i tētahi kaupapa whakakori tinana e taea ana te ine me te whai ine. Ka whai whakaaro hoki te mahere whakaora ki te taiao o te tamaiti, pēnei i te haere o te tamaiti ki te kura, te urunga atu ki ngā wāhi tākaro haumaru, me te tautoko a te whānau.
Ngā Tikanga me ngā Huarahi Whakaora Tinana e Whakamahia Ana
He mea takitahi te whakaora tinana mō ngā mate whanaketanga, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia he huinga tikanga. Ko ētahi o ngā huarahi noa ko:
1. Whakakorikori tinana
Kua hangaia ngā mahi whakakori tinana hei whakapai ake i te kaha, te pumau o te puku, te ngāwari, me te manawanui. Mō ngā tamariki e pāngia ana e te hypotonia, ngā mahi whakapakari tinana me te pumau te arotahi. I taua wā, mō ngā tamariki he mate pāwera, ka aro pea ngā mahi whakakori tinana ki te totoro, te whakahaere nekehanga, me ngā tūranga hei whakaiti i te pakari.
2. Te whakangungu nekeneke e hangai ana ki te mahi me te tākaro
Mō ngā tamariki, ko te huarahi pai ko te tākaro whai hanganga. Hei tauira, whakangungu taurite mā te hikoi i runga i te rārangi, te whakaharatau i te mahi tahi mā te whiu me te hopu i te pōro, te whakaharatau rānei i te piki arawhata me ngā ara ārai. Mā ēnei mahi ka noho hihiri ngā tamariki, ā, ka ārai i a rātou kei "rongoa".
3. Ngā mahi taurite me te whakakotahitanga
He maha ngā wā ka uaua ki ngā tamariki he DCD, he whakaroa rānei ki te nekenekehanga, ki te whakarite i ngā nekenekehanga, me te taurite hihiri. Ko ētahi o ngā mahi whakakori tinana ko te tū i runga i te waewae kotahi, te pekepeke i te wāhi kotahi, ngā kēmu pōro, ngā mahi rānei e hiahia ana kia huri te ahunga.
4. Ngā wawaotanga whanaketanga roro
I ētahi wā, pērā i te pararutiki roro, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakaora tinana te whakamahi i ngā mātāpono whanaketanga io hei whakahaere i ngā tauira nekehanga whai hua ake, hei whakaiti i ngā whakatikatika hauora, me te whakapai ake i te whakahaere tū.
5. Whakangungu hikoi
Mena he mate hīkoi tō te tamaiti, ka taea e te whakaora tinana te āwhina i te whakapai ake i te hīkoi, te tūnga o te waewae, me te tūnga tika o te tinana. Tērā pea ka tūtohutia ngā taputapu āwhina pēnei i te hikoi, te tokotoko, te orthoses rānei (hei tauira, te orthoses pona-waewae) ina hiahiatia hei whakapai ake i te pumau me te ārai i ngā hapa.
6. Te whakahaere i te spasticity me te aukati i ngā contractures
Mō ngā tamariki he uaua pakari, ka uru pea ki te whakaora tinana te totoro hāngai, te tūnga, ngā mahi whakakori tinana whānui, me te ako mō te whakamahi i te whitiki whakatārewatanga mēnā e tika ana. Ko te whāinga he pupuri i te nekenekehanga o ngā hononga me te ārai i te pakari tonu.
7. Whakaora ā-pūkenga-ā-tinana (mēnā e tika ana)
Ka pāngia ētahi tamariki he hauātanga whanaketanga e ngā wero tukatuka ira, pērā i te ngāwari o te whakararuraru i te oro, te kore e pai ki te pā, te rapu rānei i ngā kare ā-roto nekehanga nui rawa atu. Ka taea e te whakaora tinana te āwhina mā roto i ngā mahi e whakaoho ana i ngā pūnaha vestibular me te proprioceptive i roto i te huarahi whakahaere, me te whai whakaaro ki te haumaru me te manawanui o te tamaiti.
Te Tūranga o te Whānau : Te Kī ki te Whakaora Angitu
Ko ngā wawaotanga pai rawa atu ehara i te mea i roto i te whare hauora anake engari i roto hoki i ngā mahi o ia rā a te tamaiti. Nō reira, ko ngā kaiwhakaora tinana e whakarato ana i tētahi kaupapa whakakori tinana kāinga māmā, haumaru, me te auau. Ka akona ngā mātua ki te hiki me te neke tika i tā rātou tamaiti, me pēhea te mahi i ngā totoro taketake, me pēhea te waihanga i tētahi taiao e whakatenatena ana i te nekehanga kaha.
Haunga te whakaharatau, he wāhi anō tā te whānau ki te hanga i te hihiri o te tamaiti. Mā te whakamoemiti tika, te whakarite i tētahi kaupapa auau, me ngā kēmu whakahihiri ka pai ai te whakaharatau. Me mihi ki ngā whanaketanga iti - pērā i te kaha o te tamaiti ki te noho roa, ki te hikoi pūmau rānei - nā te mea he wāhanga o tētahi tukanga roa.
Te Mahi Ngātahi Maha-mātauranga me te Mātauranga Tonu
He maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he ratonga mai i ngā momo tohunga mō ngā tūroro hauātanga whanaketanga, tae atu ki ngā tākuta tamariki, ngā tākuta whakaora, ngā kaiwhakaora mahi, ngā kaiwhakaora kōrero, ngā tohunga hinengaro, me ngā kaiawhina kaiako. Ko te whakaora tinana tētahi o ngā tūāpapa, engari ko ngā hua tino pai ka tutuki mā te mahi tahi.
He mea nui te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā ngaio hei whakarite i ngā whāinga, hei tauira, ina hiahia te tamaiti ki ngā taputapu orthotic, ki ngā maimoatanga hauora motuhake, ki ngā whakarerekētanga rānei ki ngā mahi kura. He mea nui anō hoki te haere tonu o te mātauranga nā te mea ka rerekē ngā hiahia o te tamaiti i a ia e tipu ake ana: he rerekē pea ngā wero o te wā kōhungahunga i ērā o te whakaurunga ki te kura.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mahi whakaora tinana mō ngā tūroro he hauātanga whanaketanga ki te āwhina i ngā tamariki kia eke ki ō rātou pūmanawa mahi. Mā te aromatawai tika, he mahere maimoatanga takitahi, me te huarahi mahi-ā-ringa me te tākaro, ka taea e te whakaora tinana te whakapai ake i ngā pūkenga nekeneke, te tū, te taurite, me te tū motuhake. He nui te awe o te angitu o te whakaora i te whakakori tinana auau, te tautoko a te whānau, me te mahi tahi a te tīma maha-mātauranga. Mō ngā tamariki he hauātanga whanaketanga, ko ia taahiraa ki te oranga motuhake, haumaru, me te whai wāhi he taahiraa nui.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarite i tēnei tuhinga kia hāngai ake ki tētahi o ngā āhuatanga (hei tauira, te pararutiki roro, te Down syndrome, te DCD, te ASD rānei), ka taea rānei te tāpiri i ētahi tauira o ngā kaupapa whakakori tinana kāinga e tika ana mō te tau o tāu tamaiti.
