Te Penapena mō ngā Pūtea Mātauranga a ngā Tamariki: He Aratohu Whānui
Ko te mātauranga tētahi o ngā haumitanga tino nui ka taea e koe te mahi mō te heke mai o tāu tamaiti. Ka huaki ngā tatau ki ngā tini whai wāhitanga, ā, ka whakarato i te turanga mō tētahi mahi angitu me tētahi oranga whai hua. He mārama ngā painga o tētahi mātauranga kounga, engari kei te piki haere tonu ngā utu e pā ana ki te mātauranga. Nō reira, kua nui ake te hiranga o te penapena mō ngā pūtea mātauranga a āu tamariki i mua. Mā tēnei aratohu koe e āwhina ki te whakatere i te tukanga o te whakarite i te heke mai mātauranga o tāu tamaiti mā te whakatakoto i ngā rautaki whai hua me te tuku tohutohu whai hua mō te hanga i tētahi mahere penapena mātauranga.
Te Hiranga o te Tīmatanga Moata
He mea nui te tīmata wawe ina tae mai ki te penapena mō te mātauranga o tāu tamaiti. Kua roa ake te utu o te mātauranga teitei i te pikinga o te utu mō ngā tekau tau, ā, kua piki ake te utu i ia tau. Mā te tīmata ki te penapena i te wā e taea ai, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te mana o te tāpiri huamoni, ka taea ai te whakanui ake i te tipu o ō penapena i roto i te wā.
Hei tauira, whakaarohia tēnei tauira māmā: Ki te tīmata koe ki te penapena $200 i te marama ina whānau mai tāu tamaiti, ā, ka piki te haumitanga i te tere toharite o te 6% i ia tau, ka taea e koe te kohi tata ki te $77,000 i te wā e 18 tau te pakeke o tāu tamaiti. I tētahi atu taha, ki te tatari koe kia 10 tau te pakeke o tāu tamaiti ki te tīmata penapena, me penapena e koe tata ki te $650 i te marama kia eke ki te nui ōrite i te wā e 18 tau te pakeke. He mārama, he rerekē te tīmatanga wawe.
Te Maramatanga ki nga Utu
I mua i te tīmatanga o te penapena, he mea nui kia mārama koe ki ngā utu e pā ana ki te mātauranga. He tīmatanga noa iho ngā utu kura; ka tere te piki haere o ētahi atu whakapaunga pēnei i ngā pukapuka, ngā taonga, te wāhi noho, me te kawe waka. Hangaia he whakatau tata mō ēnei utu hei whakatakoto i tētahi whāinga penapena pono.
Hei whakaaro māu, anei ētahi utu ā-tau mō ngā momo mātauranga rerekē i te Hononga o Amerika:
– Whare Wānanga ā-iwi o roto i te kawanatanga: $25,000
– Whare Wānanga tūmatanui i waho o te kawanatanga: $40,000
– Whare Wānanga tūmataiti: $50,000
Ka rerekē pea ēnei tau i runga i te whare me te wāhi, engari he whakatau tata hei ārahi i tō whakamahere.
Ngā Kōwhiringa Penapena Rerekē
He maha ngā kōwhiringa penapena e wātea ana hei āwhina i a koe ki te whakatutuki i ō whāinga penapena mātauranga. He painga me he ngoikoretanga o ia kōwhiringa, nō reira he mea nui kia whiriwhiria te mea e tika ana mō tō āhua pūtea me ō whāinga. Anei ētahi huarahi penapena mātauranga rongonui:
529 Ngā Mahere Penapena Kāreti
Ko te mahere 529 tētahi o ngā huarahi rongonui ki te penapena mō te whare wānanga. Ka tukuna e ēnei mahere tautoko a te kāwanatanga he painga tāke, pērā i te tipu kore-tāke me te tango kore-tāke mō ngā whakapaunga mātauranga e tika ana. Hei tāpiri, ka tukuna e ētahi kāwanatanga he tango tāke, he whiwhinga rānei mō ngā takoha ki tētahi mahere 529.
E rua ngā momo mahere 529: ko ngā mahere utu-mua me ngā mahere penapena mātauranga. Mā ngā mahere utu-mua ka taea e koe te hoko whiwhinga utu i ngā reiti o nāianei mō te whakamahinga ā muri ake nei, ka taea te āwhina i te ārai i te pikinga utu. I tētahi atu taha, mā ngā mahere penapena mātauranga ka taea e koe te haumi i ngā takoha ki ngā momo kōwhiringa haumi, pērā i ngā pūtea tahi, ngā ETF rānei.
Ngā Pūkete Penapena Mātauranga a Coverdell (ESA)
Ka tukuna hoki e ngā Coverdell ESA he tipu kore-taake me ngā tangohanga mō ngā whakapaunga mātauranga e tika ana. Heoi, he iti iho te rohe takoha i te mahere 529, arā, $2,000 ia tau mō ia kaiwhiwhi. Mā te ngāwari o te Coverdell ESA ka taea e koe te whakamahi i ngā moni mō ngā whakapaunga K-12 me ngā utu mātauranga teitei ake, ka nui ake te whai wāhitanga ki te whakatutuki i ngā matea mātauranga o tāu tamaiti.
Pūkete Tiaki (UGMA/UTMA)
Mā ngā pūkete tiaki tamariki, pērā i ngā mea i whakatūria i raro i te Uniform Gifts to Minors Act (UGMA) me te Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (UTMA) rānei, ka taea e koe te penapena me te haumi moni mō te heke mai o tāu tamaiti. He ngāwari te whakamahi i ngā moni i roto i ēnei pūkete, engari kāore i a rātou ngā painga taake o ngā mahere 529, o ngā Coverdell ESA rānei. Hei tāpiri, kia mōhio koe ko ngā moni i roto i ngā pūkete tiaki tamariki ka noho ture ki te tamaiti ina eke rātou ki te pakeketanga, arā, 18, 21 rānei te pakeke, i runga i te kawanatanga.
Ngā Here Penapena
Ko ngā Here Penapena o Amerika, pērā i ngā here Raupapa EE me Raupapa I, he huarahi haumaru, he iti hoki te mōrearea ki te penapena mō te mātauranga. Kāore e utua te huamoni e whiwhihia ana i runga i ēnei here i ngā taake ā-motu mēnā ka whakamahia mō ngā whakapaunga mātauranga e tika ana. Heoi anō, tera pea he iti iho ngā hokinga mai i ērā atu kōwhiringa penapena.
Roto IRA
Ahakoa e whakamahia ana mō ngā penapena reti i ngā wā o mua, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā Roth IRA mō ngā whakapaunga mātauranga. Ka taea te tango kore taake i ngā takoha ki tētahi Roth IRA i ngā wā katoa, ā, ka taea te tango kore taake i ngā whiwhinga mō ngā whakapaunga mātauranga e tika ana, mena kua tuwhera te pūkete mō te iti rawa e rima tau. Nā tēnei ngāwari ka taea ai e ngā Roth IRA te whakamahi i ngā penapena kaupapa-rua.
Ngā Rautaki mō te Penapena
Kia whiriwhiria e koe ngā huarahi penapena tika, ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te whakatinana i ngā rautaki whai hua hei hanga i tō pūtea mātauranga.
Whakaritea Nga Whainga Maamaa
Ko te whakatakoto whāinga mārama, ka taea te whakatutuki, koinei te tūāpapa o tētahi mahere penapena angitu. Whakatauhia te nui o te moni e hiahiatia ana e koe, me te wā e hiahiatia ana. Wehea tō whāinga penapena katoa ki ngā whāinga penapena iti ake, ka taea te whakahaere i ia marama, i ia tau rānei.
Whakaaunoa i o Tiaki
Ka taea e te aunoatanga te whakanui ake i te auau me te whai huatanga o āu mahi penapena. Whakatūria ngā whakawhiti aunoa mai i tō pūkete tirotiro ki ō pūkete penapena mātauranga. Ehara i te mea ka whakarite noa i ngā takoha auau engari ka whakaitihia hoki te whakamatautauranga ki te whakapau moni ki tētahi atu wāhi.
Whakamahia ngā hua ohorere
Whakamahia ngā putea tāpiri, ngā whakahokinga moni tāke, me ētahi atu hua ohorere hei whakanui ake i ō penapena mātauranga. Ka taea e ēnei takoha moni kotahi te whakatere i te tipu o ō moni, ā, ka āwhina i a koe kia tere ake te whakatutuki i ō whāinga.
Whakatenatenahia ngā Koha
Whakatenatenahia te whānau me ngā hoa ki te tuku koha ki ngā pūkete penapena mātauranga a tāu tamaiti, kaua ki ngā koha tuku iho mō ngā rā whānau me ngā hararei. He maha ngā mahere 529 e tuku ana i ngā tūāpapa tuku koha hei whakangāwari i te tuku koha a te hunga e arohaina ana.
Te Whakahau Maamaa
He mea nui te whiriwhiri i te rautaki haumi tika hei whakapiki i ō penapena mātauranga. Ko te kanorau te mea nui ki te whakahaere i te mōrearea me te whakanui ake i ngā hokinga mai. Whakaarohia he putea kanorau o ngā hea, ngā here, me ētahi atu rawa e hangai ana ki tō manawanui mōrearea me te pae wā.
I te whakatata haere o tāu tamaiti ki te tau o te whare wānanga, whakaarohia te neke mārire atu ki ngā haumitanga ātaahua ake hei tiaki i te whakapaipai me te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te huringa o te mākete e pā ana ki ō penapena.
Te Aroturuki me te Whakatikatika i tō Mahere
He mea nui te arotake me te whakarerekē i tō mahere penapena i ia wā, i ia wā, kia mau tonu ai koe i te huarahi tika. Ka pā pea ngā āhuatanga o te ao, ngā āhuatanga o te mākete, me ngā huringa o ngā utu mātauranga ki tō ahunga whakamua. Whakahaerehia he arotake ā-tau mō tō mahere penapena kia mōhio ai koe kei te tutuki i a koe ō whāinga, ā, me mahi i ngā whakarerekētanga ina hiahiatia.
Opaniraa
He whakapau kaha nui te penapena mō te mātauranga o tāu tamaiti, engari mā te whakamahere tupato me te penapena whai tikanga, ka taea. Mā te tīmata wawe, te whakatakoto whāinga mārama, te whiriwhiri i ngā huarahi penapena tika, me te haumi whakaaro nui, ka taea e koe te whakarite i tētahi heke mai kanapa mō tāu tamaiti me te kore e whakararu i tō pumau pūtea. Kia maumahara, ko te mea nui ko te auau. Ko ia tāra e penapenahia ana i tēnei rā he taahiraa tata atu ki te whakarato i tāu tamaiti ki te mātauranga e tika ana mā rātou me ngā whai wāhitanga e hiahiatia ana e rātou kia angitu ai.
