Te Mārama ki ngā Momo Pūtea Whakaputa
I roto i te whenua whānui o ngā mākete pūtea, he wāhi nui ngā hua whakawhiti e tuku ana i ngā huarahi matatau mō te whakahaere i te mōrearea me te whakaaroaro. I te pūtake, ko ngā hua whakawhiti he kirimana pūtea e ahu mai ana te uara i tētahi rawa, i tētahi taupū, i tētahi reiti rānei. He maha ngā mahi a ēnei taputapu pūtea, mai i te ārai i ngā nekehanga utu ki te whakahaere i ngā whai wāhitanga whakatau me te whakaaroaro mō ngā piki me ngā heke o ngā utu ā muri ake nei. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka rukuhia e mātou ngā momo matua o ngā hua whakawhiti pūtea—ngā mea kei te heke mai, ngā kōwhiringa, ngā mea kei mua, me ngā whakawhiti—me te tūhura i ō rātou āhuatanga, ngā whakamahinga, me ngā mōrearea e pā ana ki a rātou.
Nga kirimana o mua
Whakamāramatanga me ngā Āhuatanga:
Ko te kirimana ā-mua he whakaaetanga paerewa hei hoko, hei hoko atu rānei i tētahi rawa i tētahi utu kua whakaritea i tētahi wā kua whakaritea i te heke mai. Ka hokohokohia ēnei kirimana i runga i ngā whakawhitinga ture, pērā i te Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) me te Intercontinental Exchange (ICE). Nā te āhua paerewa, ka āwhina ngā kirimana ā-mua i te wairewa me te māramatanga i roto i ngā mākete.
Whakamahinga:
– Te ārai i ngā utu: Ka whakamahia e ngā kamupene me ngā kaipupuri moni ngā āmua hei ārai i ngā mōrearea utu. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia pea e te kaiahuwhenua ngā āmua hei pupuri i te utu mō ā rātou hua hei karo i te mōrearea o te hekenga utu i te wā kotinga.
– Te Matapae: Ka taea e ngā kaihokohoko te whakamahi i ngā kirimana ā-mua hei matapae i te ahunga o te mākete. Mena ka whakapono te kaihokohoko ka piki te utu o tētahi rawa, ka taea e rātou te hoko i tētahi kirimana ā-mua i tēnei rā, ā, ka hokona atu mō te hua i muri mai.
Risks:
– Mōrearea Huanga: He maha ngā wā ka hokohokohia ngā kirimana ā-mua i runga i te tawhē, arā, ka taea e te haumitanga tuatahi iti te whakahaere i tētahi tūranga nui. Ka taea e tēnei huanga te arahi ki ngā hua nui engari ki ngā mate nui anō hoki.
– Mōrearea Mākete: Ka taea e te utu o te rawa taketake te neke ki te tūranga e puritia ana e te kaipupuri moni, ka arahi atu ki ngā mate pea.
Kōwhiringa kirimana
Whakamāramatanga me ngā Āhuatanga:
Ko ngā kōwhiringa he kirimana e hoatu ana ki te kaihoko te mana, engari ehara i te herenga, ki te hoko, ki te hoko rānei i tētahi rawa taketake i tētahi utu kua whakaritea i roto i tētahi wā kua whakaritea. E rua ngā momo kōwhiringa matua: ko ngā karanga me ngā put. Ka hoatu e te kōwhiringa karanga te mana ki te kaipupuri ki te hoko i te rawa, ko te kōwhiringa put ia ka hoatu ki te kaipupuri te mana ki te hoko i te rawa.
Whakamahinga:
– Te ārai: Ka whakamahia e ngā kamupene me ngā kaiwhakahaere putea ngā kōwhiringa hei ārai i ngā nekehanga utu kino. Hei tauira, ka hoko pea te kaiwhakahaere putea i ngā kōwhiringa "put" hei tiaki i te uara o tētahi putea hea mai i te hekenga o te mākete.
– Te Whakaaroaro: Mā ngā kōwhiringa ka taea te whakaaroaro i ngā nekehanga o te utu. Ka taea e ngā kaihokohoko te whai hua mai i ngā mākete e piki ana, e heke ana rānei mā te hoko "call" me "put" rānei, i runga i tā rātou tirohanga mākete.
– Te Whakaputa Moni Whiwhi: Ka taea e ngā kaipupuri moni te hoko kōwhiringa hei whakaputa moni whiwhi, he rautaki e mōhiotia ana ko te tuhi kōwhiringa. Ko tēnei huarahi ko te kohi i te moni tāpui i utua e te kaihoko o te kōwhiringa.
Risks:
– Te Mōrearea Moni: Ka ngaro pea te moni i utua e te kaihoko o tētahi kōwhiringa mēnā ka pau te moni o te kōwhiringa, ko te tikanga kāore te rawa taketake e eke ki te utu whakatau.
– Te Uauatanga: Ka uaua pea te aromatawai i ngā kōwhiringa, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te utu o te rawa taketake, te utu patu, te wā paunga, te piki me te heke, me ngā reiti huamoni. Mā te aromatawai hē, te kore mārama rānei ki ēnei āhuatanga ka arahi pea ki ngā mate.
Nga kirimana whakamua
Whakamāramatanga me ngā Āhuatanga:
He rite ngā kirimana ā-mua ki ngā kirimana ā-mua, arā, he whakaaetanga ki te hoko, ki te hoko atu rānei i tētahi rawa i tētahi utu kua whakaritea i tētahi rā ā-mua. Heoi anō, ka taea te whakarite me te hokohoko i ngā kirimana ā-mua mā te kaute (OTC), arā, kāore i te paerewahia, i te hokohokohia rānei i runga i ngā whakawhitinga moni.
Whakamahinga:
– Te ārai: He mea noa te whakamahi i ngā moni whakamua hei ārai i ngā kamupene me ngā umanga pūtea. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia pea e te kaihoko kawemai he kirimana whakamua hei pupuri i te reiti whakawhiti hei karo i te tūponotanga o ngā piki me ngā heke o te moni.
– Whakaritenga: Mā te āhua OTC o ngā kirimana whakamua ka taea te whakarite kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia motuhake o ngā rōpū e whai wāhi ana, e kapi ana i ngā momo rawa me ngā anga wā.
Risks:
– Mōrearea Rōpū Tauhoko: Nā te mea he whakaaetanga OTC ngā kirimana whakamua, kei reira te mōrearea ka kore e tutuki i tētahi rōpū te kirimana—e mōhiotia ana ko te mōrearea rōpū tauhoko.
– Mōrearea Wai: Kāore ngā kirimana whakamua i te wai pērā i ngā kirimana ā-mua, arā, he uaua ake te hoko, te hoko atu rānei i ēnei kirimana i mua i te paunga.
Whakawhitinga
Whakamāramatanga me ngā Āhuatanga:
Ko ngā whakawhiti moni he whakaaetanga i waenganui i ngā rōpū e rua ki te whakawhitiwhiti moni i roto i tētahi wā kua whakaritea. Ko ngā momo whakawhiti moni e tino kitea ana ko ngā whakawhiti reiti huamoni me ngā whakawhiti moni.
Whakamahinga:
– Ngā Whakawhiti Reiti Huamoni: Mā ēnei whakawhitiwhiti ka taea e ngā rōpū te whakawhiti i ngā utu reiti huamoni pumau mō ngā utu reiti taupua, te huri rānei. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakahaere i te pānga ki te reiti huamoni. Hei tauira, ka uru pea tētahi kamupene me te nama reiti taupua ki tētahi whakawhitiwhiti reiti huamoni hei whiwhi utu reiti taupua me te utu i ngā utu reiti taupua, kia pumau ai ana whakapaunga huamoni.
– Ngā Whakawhiti Moni: Kei roto i ēnei ko te whakawhitiwhiti i ngā utu matua me ngā utu huamoni i roto i ngā moni rerekē. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ēnei e ngā kamupene o te ao whānui hei whakahaere i ngā mōrearea moni e pā ana ki ngā mahi o te ao.
– Ngā Whakawhitiwhiti Taonga: Ka taea e ngā rōpū te whakawhiti moni e pā ana ki te utu o tētahi taonga pēnei i te hinu, te koura rānei, e āhei ai te whakahaere mōrearea i roto i te hokohoko taonga.
Risks:
– Mōrearea Rōpū Tauhoko: Pērā i ngā kirimana whakamua, kei roto i ngā whakawhiti te mōrearea ka kore e taea e te hoa mahi te whakatutuki i ana herenga.
– Te Uauatanga me te Mōrea Ine: Ka uaua pea te aromatawai me te aroturuki i ngā whakaaetanga whakawhiti, e hiahiatia ana he tauira pūtea me ngā tātaritanga matatau.
Opaniraa
He taputapu nui ngā hua pūtea i roto i te pūtea o ēnei rā, e tuku ana i ngā tikanga mō te whakahaere mōrearea, te kimi utu, me ngā whai wāhitanga whakaaroaro. Ahakoa he āhuatanga me ngā whakamahinga motuhake o ngā āpōpō, ngā kōwhiringa, ngā whakawhiti, me ngā whakawhiti, he mea nui kia mārama ngā kaiuru ki ngā mōrearea ā-roto, pērā i te huanga, te mōrearea hoa mahi, me te huringa o te mākete. Mēnā ka whakamahia tika, ka taea e ngā hua pūtea te whakarei ake i ngā rautaki me ngā putanga pūtea; Heoi, ko te hē, te kore mārama rānei ki ēnei taputapu ka arahi ki te raruraru pūtea nui. Pērā i ngā taputapu pūtea katoa, ko te mātauranga me te whakahaere mōrearea tupato he mea nui ki te whakatere angitu i te ao o ngā hua pūtea.
