He Kupu Whakataki ki te Mākete Here
Ko te mākete here, e huna ana i te nuinga o te wā e tōna tuakana ataahua, te mākete hea, he tūranga nui tōna i roto i te pūnaha pūtea o te ao. He maha ngā kaipupuri moni, inā koa ko te hunga hou ki te haumi, ka kite pea he uaua, he whakamataku rānei te mākete here nā ōna kupu me ōna hanganga ahurei. Heoi, he mea nui te mārama ki ngā here mō tētahi rautaki haumi whānui. Ko te whāinga o tēnei tuhinga he whakamārama i te mākete here me te whakarato i tētahi whakataki whānui ki ōna mātāpono me ōna mahi matua.
He aha te Paihere?
Ko te here he nama e tukuna ana e te kaipupuri moni ki te kaituku moni, he kamupene, he kāwanatanga rānei. Hei utu mō te nama, ka whakaae te kaituku moni ki te utu i ngā utu huamoni ā-wā ki te kaipupuri moni, me te whakahoki anō i te moni matua i tētahi rā paunga kua tohua. E kiia ana ngā here he here moni whiwhi pumau nā te mea ka tukuna he utu huamoni auau, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā utu tīkitipati.
Ngā Kupu Matua i roto i te Mākete Here
1. Pūtea Matua: Te nui o te moni i namahia (te uara mata rānei o te here).
2. Tīkitipati: Ko te reiti huamoni e utua ana e te kaiwhakaputa here i runga i te uara mata.
3. Rā Paunga: Ko te rā e utua ai te moni matua o te here.
4. Hua: Ko te hokinga mai ka riro i te kaipupuri moni mai i tētahi here.
5. Kaiwhakaputa: Ko te hinonga e nama ana i ngā moni (hei tauira, te kāwanatanga, te umanga).
Nga momo here
He rerekē ngā āhua o ngā here, he rerekē ngā mahi a ia here, ā, he rerekē hoki ngā hiahia mōrearea me ngā whāinga haumi. Anei ētahi o ngā momo e tino kitea ana:
Huinga Kawanatanga
Ka tukuna ngā here kāwanatanga e ngā kāwanatanga ā-motu, ā, he maha ngā wā ka kiia he haumitanga iti te mōrearea. I te Hononga o Amerika, e mōhiotia ana ēnei ko ngā here Putea (T-here), ngā nota Putea (T-notes), me ngā pire Putea (T-pire), i runga i ō rātou wā pakeketanga. Hei tauira, ko ngā pire-T he kotahi tau, he iti iho rānei te pakeketanga, ko ngā nota-T kei waenganui i te kotahi me te tekau tau, ā, ko ngā here-T neke atu i te tekau tau.
Taone Taone
Ka tukuna ngā here ā-rohe e ngā kawanatanga, ngā tāone nui, me ētahi atu hinonga kāwanatanga ā-rohe. Ka whakamahia ēnei hei putea i ngā kaupapa tūmatanui pēnei i ngā rori, ngā kura, me ngā hōhipera. Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga matua o ngā here ā-rohe ko te korenga o te huamoni e utua ana e rātou i ngā taake moni whiwhi ā-motu (ā, i ētahi wā ko te kawanatanga me te rohe), he mea tino ātaahua ki ngā kaipupuri moni i roto i ngā reanga taake teitei ake.
Nga here a te kamupene
Ka tukuna ngā here umanga e ngā kamupene hei kohi pūtea mō ngā kaupapa maha, pērā i te whakawhānui i ngā mahi, te hoko taputapu, te whakahoki nama rānei. Ko te tikanga he nui ake ngā hua o ēnei here i ngā here kāwanatanga me ngā here ā-rohe, engari he nui ake hoki ngā mōrearea, nā te mea he nui ake te tūponotanga ka kore e utua e te umanga āna nama i te kāwanatanga.
Ngā Here Hua-Tiketike
E mōhiotia ana ko ngā "here para", ka tukuna e ngā here hua-teitei he reiti huamoni teitei ake hei utu mō te mōrearea nui ake o te korenga o te utu. Ka whakatauria ēnei here ki raro i te taumata haumitanga e ngā tari whakatauranga nama, ā, ko te nuinga o te wā ka tukuna e ngā kamupene he ngoikore ake ō rātou tūranga pūtea.
Ngā Here o Tāwāhi
Ka tukuna ēnei here e ngā kāwanatanga, e ngā kamupene rānei o tāwāhi, ā, he huarahi pai rawa atu pea mā ngā kaipupuri moni ki te whakawhānui i ā rātou putea. Heoi anō, kei roto i ēnei he mōrearea anō, pērā i te mōrearea moni me te mōrearea ā-rohe.
Te Mahi a te Mākete Here
Maakete Paraimere
Ka taea te wehewehe i te mākete here kia rua ngā wāhanga: te mākete tuatahi me te mākete tuarua. I te mākete tuatahi, ka tukuna ngā here hou, ka hokona ki ngā kaipupuri moni. Mā ngā kāwanatanga, mā ngā kamupene rānei e whakatakoto ngā tikanga o te here, tae atu ki te rā paunga, te reiti tīkitipati, me te uara mata, kātahi ka hoko tika atu i ēnei here ki ngā kaipupuri moni, mā roto rānei i ngā takawaenga pērā i ngā peeke haumi.
Maakete Tuarua
Kia tukuna ngā here, ka taea te hoko me te hoko atu i te mākete tuarua. Kāore te hokohoko i te mākete tuarua e pā ki te hinonga tuku engari ka taea e ngā kaipupuri here te hoko i ā rātou here i mua i te paunga o te wā, ka whakaratohia he moni me te ngāwari.
He aha te take e haumi ai ki ngā here?
Whakawhitiwhiti
Ka taea e ngā here te āwhina i te whakawhānui i tētahi putea haumi, me te whakaiti i te mōrearea whānui. I ngā wā o mua, he maha ngā nekehanga o ngā here me ngā hea i ngā huarahi rerekē. Ina heke ngā utu hea, ka piki pea ngā utu here, ka waiho hei ārai i te piki haere o te mākete.
Whakatupu Moni
He pūtake moni pumau, he pūtake matapae hoki ngā here, ā, he mea whakamīharo ki te hunga e rapu ana i te moni whiwhi auau, pērā i te hunga kua reti.
Tiaki whakapaipai
Mō ngā kaipupuri moni e mataku ana ki te mōrearea, he huarahi pea ngā here hei tiaki i te pūtea me te whiwhi hua iti. Ko ngā here kounga teitei, inā koa ko ngā here kāwanatanga, he iti ake te tūponotanga ka kore e utua ā-taurangi ki te whakataurite ki ngā hea, ki ngā haumitanga whenua rānei.
Te Tiaki Putanga
Ko ētahi here, pērā i ngā Securities Tiaki-Pūnga Moni a te Tari Putea (TIPS), he mea hanga hei tiaki i a rātou mai i te pikinga o ngā utu. Ka piki ake te mātāpono o ngā TIPS me te pikinga o ngā utu, e ai ki te ine a te Consumer Price Index (CPI), kia mau tonu ai te mana hoko a te kaipupuri moni.
Ngā Tūponotanga e Pā Ana ki ngā Here
Raruraru Nama
Ko te mōrearea nama e pā ana ki te tūponotanga ka kore e utua e te kaiwhakaputa here āna utunga. He nui ake tēnei mōrearea mō ngā here umanga me ngā here hua-nui ki te whakataurite ki ngā here kāwanatanga. Me arotake e ngā kaipupuri moni ngā whakatauranga nama e whakaratohia ana e ngā tari pēnei i a Moody's, S&P, me Fitch i mua i te haumi.
Te Aitua Whakatau Utu
Ina piki ake ngā reiti huamoni, ka heke te utu o ngā here o nāianei. Nā te mea ka tukuna ngā here hou me ngā reiti tīkitipati teitei ake, ka kore e tino ātaahua ngā here tawhito me ngā reiti iti iho. Nō reira, ka tūpono ngā kaipupuri here ki te hekenga o ngā utu nā ngā huringa reiti huamoni.
Morearea te pikinga
Ka whakaitihia e te pikinga utu te mana hoko o ngā utu huamoni ā muri ake nei me te utunga matua o tētahi here. He tino ngoikore ngā here tīkitipati pumau ki te mōrearea pikinga utu.
Te Whakatupato i te Wai
Ko ētahi here, inā koa ko ērā i tukuna e ngā kamupene iti ake, e ngā whenua ngoikore ake rānei te whanaketanga, kāore pea e ngāwari te hoko, te hoko rānei i te mākete me te kore e pā ki te utu. Mā te kore o te moni e taea te whakawhiti, ka uaua pea mā ngā kaipupuri moni te wehe atu i ā rātou tūranga.
Opaniraa
Ahakoa he uaua te mākete here, he maha ngā whai wāhitanga e tukuna ana e ngā kaipupuri moni ki te whakawhānui i ā rātou putea, ki te whakaputa moni, me te tiaki i te whakapaipai. Mā te mārama ki ngā momo here rerekē, te āhua o te mahi a te mākete here, me ngā momo mōrearea e pā ana, ka taea e ngā kaipupuri moni te whakatau whai whakaaro e hangai ana ki ā rātou whāinga pūtea takitahi me te manawanui ki ngā mōrearea.
Ahakoa he kaipupuri moni tauhou koe, he hou rānei ki te ao o ngā here moni whiwhi-pūmau, ka whai wāhi nui te huarahi taurite e uru ana ki ngā here ki te whakatutuki i tētahi rautaki haumi pakari, pakari hoki.
