Hangarau Mōhio Pereti Waka i runga i te CCTV
Ko te hangarau mōhio pereti nama waka i runga i te CCTV e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) ko te License Plate Recognition (LPR) rānei. Mā tēnei pūnaha ka taea e ngā kāmera CCTV te "pānui" aunoa i ngā tau pereti nama, kātahi ka huri hei raraunga tuhinga ka taea te penapena, te rapu, me te tātari. I ngā tau tata nei, kua piki haere te whakamahinga o te ANPR i runga i ngā huarahi tere, i ngā wāhi waka, i ngā keti utu, i ngā wāhi ahumahi, tae atu ki ngā whare noho nā te mea ka taea te whakapai ake i te haumarutanga, te whai huatanga o te whakahaere, me te tika o te tuhi i ngā waka e haere mai ana me te haere atu.
He aha te ANPR, ā, me pēhea tana mahi?
Ko te ANPR i te nuinga o te wā he huinga o ngā taputapu (ngā kāmera CCTV me ngā taputapu tukatuka) me ngā pūmanawa (ngā rauropi tukatuka whakaahua me te matauranga horihori). Ko tana kaupapa he hopu whakaahua waka, he kite i ngā wāhi o ngā pereti nama, kātahi ka mōhio ki ngā tohu kei runga i te pereti.
E whā ngā wāhanga matua o ngā tukanga mahi ANPR:
1. Te hopu whakaahua (te hopu whakaahua)
Ka hopu whakaahua, ka hopu ataata rānei ngā kāmera CCTV i ngā waka. I tēnei wā, he mea nui te kounga o te ahua ki te angitu o te pūnaha. He mea nui ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te taumira o te kāmera, te tere o te kati, te rama, me te wāhi e mau ai te kāmera.
2. Te kimi pereti raihana
Ka kimihia e te pūmanawa ngā pereti raihana i roto i tētahi whakaahua. Ka whakamahia e tēnei tukanga ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te pereti raihana: te āhua tapawhā rite, te rerekētanga tae motuhake, me ngā tauira pūāhua auau. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha hou ngā tauira ako hohonu hei whakarei ake i te kitenga i ngā papamuri uaua.
3. Te wehewehenga o ngā pūāhua
Kia kitea te pereti, ka wehea e te pūnaha ngā pūāhua takitahi. He mea nui tēnei taahiraa nā te mea ka uaua te wehewehe i ngā pūāhua mēnā he pereti paru, pakaru, whakaata rānei e te māramatanga.
4. Te mōhio ki ngā pūāhua (OCR/te mōhio ki ngā pūāhua)
Mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga OCR (Optical Character Recognition) ka kitea ngā pūāhua kua wehea. Ko te whakatupuranga hou o ngā pūnaha e whakamahi ana i ngā whatunga io ka taea te ako mai i ngā momo momotuhi, ngā koki pupuhi, me ngā āhuatanga mārama.
I ētahi whakatinanatanga, ka whakakapia te tukanga wehewehenga tawhito e te huarahi mai i te tīmatanga ki te mutunga: ka hurihia tika e te tauira AI te ahua o te pereti nama waka ki te tuhinga, me te kore e wehewehe tika i ngā pūāhua. Mā tēnei ka taea te mahi pumau ake i raro i ngā āhuatanga uaua o te ao tūturu.
Ngā wāhanga matua o tētahi pūnaha ANPR e hangai ana ki te CCTV
Kia pai ai te mahi a te ANPR, e hiahiatia ana ētahi wāhanga tautoko e rua:
– Kāmera CCTV motuhake ki te ANPR
Ko te tikanga, he tere teitei te kati o ngā kāmera, he whānui te whānuitanga hihiri (WDR), he IR (whero whero) mō te tirohanga pō, me te kaha ki te hopu i ngā mea e neke ana. Ahakoa ka taea te whakamahi i te ANPR i runga i ngā kāmera paerewa, ka whakapai ake ngā kāmera motuhake i te tika, inā koa mō ngā waka tere-rahi.
– Rama tāpiri (rama whakamārama IR / rama āwhina)
I te pō, i ngā wāhi pōuri rānei, ka āwhina te rama infrared ki te whakaputa i tētahi ahua mārama o te pereti nama. He mea nui te whakarerekē i te kaha kia kore ai e nui rawa te māramatanga.
– Ngā taputapu tukatuka (ngā taputapu taha/NVR/ngā tūmau)
He pūnaha kei reira e tukatuka ana i runga i te kāmera (edge AI), i runga i te NVR, i runga rānei i tētahi tūmau pokapū. Ka whakaitihia e te tukatuka taha ngā whakaritenga whānui nā te mea ka tukuna ngā pānui pereti me ngā whakaahua poto hei utu mō te ataata mata.
– Pūmanawa whakahaere me te whakauru
Me tuhi, me whakaatu, me hono hoki ngā hua o te pānui pereti ki ētahi atu pūnaha pēnei i ngā tatau o te kēti, ngā pātengi raraunga kiritaki mō te wāhi waka, ngā pūnaha haumarutanga, ngā papatohu tātari rānei.
Ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te tika o te pānui pereti
Ehara i te mea ko te matatau o te AI anake te mea e whakatauhia ai te tika o te ANPR, engari ko ngā āhuatanga o te mara hoki. Ko ētahi o ngā mea matua ko:
1. Te koki me te tawhiti o te kāmera
Ka uaua te pānui i te pereti mēnā he nui rawa te honga. Ko te tikanga noa ko te whakanoho i te kāmera ki tētahi koki taurite, me te tawhiti e tika ana mai i te arotahi kia tutuki ai te rahi iti rawa o te pereti i roto i te ahua.
2. Te tere o te waka
Me tere te kati o ngā waka e tere haere ana hei ārai i te pōuri o te nekehanga. I runga i te rori, he maha ngā wā ka honoa ngā taputapu ANPR me ngā kāmera kati-teitei, tere-anga teitei.
3. Te rama me te whakaata
Ka taea e ngā whakaata mai i ngā pereti (ina koa ko ngā mea whakaata) te "ngaro." Mā ngā tautuhinga WDR me te IR tika ka āwhina i te whakaiti i tēnei raruraru.
4. Te āhua ā-tinana o te pereti
Ka whakaitihia te tika o ngā pereti paru, taupokina, pūkohu, whakarerekētia rānei (ngā momotuhi kāore i te paerewa). Ka whakararuraruhia hoki te pūnaha e ētahi atu takahi ture, pērā i te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu, te mika, ngā pūtu rānei e huna ana i ngā pūāhua.
5. Te huarere me te taiao
Ka taea e te ua, te kohu, te puehu, me te mārama nui rawa (hei tauira, te rama muri mai i te rā) te whakaheke i te kounga o te ahua.
Te tūranga o te AI me te ako hohonu i roto i te ANPR o ēnei rā
I whakawhirinaki nui ngā ANPR o mua ki ngā tikanga tukatuka whakaahua tuku iho, pērā i te whakataurite i ngā taumata, te kimi taha, me te tātari āhua. Heoi, he maha ngā wā i uaua ai ēnei tikanga i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te ao tūturu.
I tēnei wā, ka whakapai ake te ako hōhonu i ngā āheinga o ngā pūnaha i roto i ētahi āhuatanga:
– He tika ake te kite i ngā pereti nama ahakoa he iti, he piko, he pukumahi rānei te papamuri.
– He ātete ake te mōhio ki ngā pūāhua i ngā rerekētanga pērā i te momotuhi, te pirau, te haruru rānei.
– Te urutau ā-whenua/whakatakotoranga mā te whakangungu i ngā huinga raraunga e tika ana.
– Te mōhiotanga mai i te tīmatanga ki te mutunga e whakaiti ana i te whakawhirinaki ki te wehewehenga o ngā pūāhua.
Heoi anō, me whai raraunga whakangungu pai tonu te AI. Ko ngā pūnaha kua whakangungua ki ngā āhuatanga ā-rohe (te whakatakotoranga pereti nama, te momo momotuhi, te reo/pūāhua, me ngā āhuatanga waka ā-rohe) he pai ake te mahi.
Tauira o te tono ANPR i runga i te CCTV
1. Te whakahaere i ngā wāhi waka
Ka whakamahia te ANPR hei tatau aunoa i te roa o te wā waka, hei whakatuwhera i ngā arai me te kore tīkiti, hei whakaiti hoki i ngā rarangi waka. Ka taea e te pūnaha te hono i ngā pereti nama ki ngā utu matihiko, ki ngā ohaurunga rānei.
2. Te haumarutanga o te urunga ki te rohe
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā whare noho, ngā whare putunga, me ngā wheketere ngā rārangi mā mō ngā waka kua rēhitatia me ngā rārangi pango mō ngā waka whakapae. Ina kitea he pereti nama, ka taea e te pūnaha te whakaoho i te whakaoho, te whakamōhiotanga rānei.
3. Te whakahaere ture me te aroturukitanga o ngā waka
Mā te ANPR ka āwhina i te kimi i ngā waka ngaro, te tautuhi i ngā waka e takahi ana i ngā ture, me te tātari i te kikī o ngā waka. I te tauine whānui ake, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā raraunga ANPR mō ngā tātaritanga waka.
4. Ngā kēti utu me ngā rori utu
Mā te whakaurunga ki ngā pūnaha utu ka tere ake te tukanga, inā koa i roto i ngā kaupapa rere kore utu maha-ara e whakaiti ana i te hiahia mō ngā tūnga.
Ngā wero mō te tūmataitinga me te haumarutanga o ngā raraunga
E pā tika ana te whakamahinga o te ANPR ki ngā raraunga tairongo pea, nā te mea ka taea te hono i ngā tau rēhitatanga waka ki te tuakiri o te rangatira mā roto i ētahi pūnaha. Nō reira, me aro ngā kaiwhakahaere o te ANPR ki:
– Kaupapa here pupuri raraunga: kia pēhea te roa o te pupuri raraunga, ā, mō te aha te kaupapa.
– Mana urunga: ko wai kei a ia te mana ki te tiro i ngā raraunga pereti nama me tōna hītori.
– Haumarutanga ipurangi: whakamunatanga, rangitaki arotake, me te tiakitanga mai i ngā turuturu raraunga.
– Te whakatutukitanga o ngā ture: te ū ki ngā ture tiaki raraunga e tika ana mō ia rohe.
Ko te mahi pai ko te pupuri i ngā raraunga ina hiahiatia, te whakawhāiti i te urunga atu, me te whakatinana i ngā paerewa haumarutanga e tika ana hei whakarite i te whakamahinga tika o te hangarau.
Whakamutunga
He otinga nui te hangarau mōhio ki ngā pereti nama waka i runga i te CCTV (ANPR/LPR) mō te haumarutanga me te aunoatanga, mai i te urunga ki te kuaha ki te tātari waka. Ka mahi tēnei pūnaha i roto i ngā wāhanga o te hopu whakaahua, te kimi pereti nama, te mōhio ki ngā tohu, me te whakaurunga ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere. He nui te awe o te angitu o te ANPR e te kounga o te kāmera, te rama, te tāutanga, me te matatau o ngā pūnaha AI e whakamahia ana. Hei tāpiri, me taurite hoki te whakatinanatanga o te ANPR me ngā kaupapa here tūmataiti me te haumarutanga raraunga pakari. Mā te whakamahere hangarau tika me te whakamahinga matatika, ka taea e te ANPR te whakarato i ngā painga nui ki ngā kaiwhakahaere whare, ki ngā kāwanatanga, me te hapori whānui.
