Hangarau Kōpeke Ataata Pai rawa atu mō ngā Pūnaha CCTV
I tēnei ao hou, he mea nui te haumarutanga o te oranga o ia rā. Ko tētahi o ngā huarahi tino whai hua hei pupuri i te haumarutanga ko te whakamahi i te Pouaka Whakaata Porowhita-Katia (CCTV). I te whanaketanga o te hangarau, kua tino whanakehia hoki ngā pūnaha CCTV, ko tētahi o ēnei ko te hangarau kōpeketanga ataata. Ko te kōpeketanga ataata te tukanga whakaiti i te rahi o ngā kōnae ataata me te kore e tino whakaiti i te kounga o te ahua. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā pūnaha CCTV te penapena i ngā kiriata i runga i te wāhi rokiroki iti, ā, ka māmā ake te tuku ataata mā roto i ngā whatunga. Ka arotakehia e tēnei tuhinga ētahi o ngā hangarau kōpeketanga ataata pai rawa atu e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha CCTV, pērā i te H.264, H.265 (HEVC), me te AV1.
H.264 (Whakawaehere Ataata Matatau)
Ko te H.264, e mōhiotia ana ko te Advanced Video Coding (AVC), tētahi o ngā paerewa kōpeketanga ataata rongonui me te whānui e whakamahia ana i roto i te umanga CCTV. Nā te ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) me te ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) i whakauru mai, ka tukuna e te H.264 he taurite tino pai i waenga i te kounga ataata me te whai huatanga o te kōpeketanga.
Ngā Painga o H.264
1. Te Kounga Ataata Teitei: Ka taea e te H.264 te whakaputa kounga ataata tino pai i ngā tere bitrate iti iho i ngā paerewa kōpeketanga o mua pērā i te MPEG-2, te MJPEG rānei.
2. Te Whai Hua o te Rokiroki: Mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga kōpeketanga matatau pērā i te matapae i ngā wā ā-wāhi me te wā, ka taea e te H.264 te whakaiti i te rahi o te kōnae ataata me te kore e whakaiti i te kounga o te ahua. He mea nui rawa tēnei mō ngā pūnaha CCTV e hiahia ana ki te rokiroki mō te wā roa.
3. Whānuitanga o te Wātea: Neke atu i te tekau tau e whakamahia ana, e tautokona ana te H.264 e te nuinga o ngā taputapu me ngā pūmanawa e wātea ana i tēnei wā. Nā tēnei ka tino hototahi ki te whānuitanga o ngā pūnaha CCTV.
4. Te Penapena i te Whānuitanga o te Ipurangi: Mā te hangarau kōpeketanga H.264 ka whakaiti i ngā whakaritenga whānuitanga mō te tuku ataata, ā, ka taea ai te tuku ataata kounga teitei i runga i ngā whatunga puhoi ake, kāore rānei i te pumau.
Ngā Huakore o te H.264
1. Te Uaua o te Whakawaehere: He uaua ake te tukanga whakawaehere H.264, ā, he nui ake te mana rorohiko e hiahiatia ana i ngā hangarau kōpeketanga tawhito.
2. Raihana: Ahakoa he tino whai hua, me whai raihana te whakamahinga o te H.264, ā, ka piki ake pea ngā utu whakahaere mō ētahi whakahaere.
H.265 (Whakawaehere Ataata Tino Pai)
Ko te H.265, e mōhiotia ana ko te High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), te uri o H.264. I whakaurua mai hei whakatika i ngā herenga o te H.264, ā, he pai ake te kōpeketanga o te HEVC, ka hua ake he ataata kounga teitei me ngā rahi kōnae iti ake.
Ngā Painga o H.265
1. Te Whai Hua o te Kōpeketanga: Ka taea e te H.265 te whakaiti i te rahi o ngā kōnae ataata tae atu ki te 50% ki te whakaritea ki te H.264, me te pupuri tonu i te kounga ataata. He tino whai hua tēnei mō te penapena wāhi rokiroki me te whānui o te whatunga.
2. Kounga Ataata Pai Rawa: Mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga kōpeketanga matatau pērā i te wehewehenga rākau-whā, ka taea e HEVC te pupuri i ngā taipitopito ahua pai ake, inā koa i ngā whakataunga teitei pērā i te 4K me te 8K.
3. Te Āhuatanga Urutau: Ka tautokohia e te HEVC te whānuitanga o ngā taumira ataata, mai i ngā waea pūkoro ki ngā mata nunui, ā, he tino ngāwari ki te urutau ki ngā momo hiahia katoa.
Ngā Huakore o te H.265
1. Hangarau Hou: Ahakoa he pai ake te whai huatanga, he mea hou tonu te HEVC, nō reira he raruraru pea te hototahi ki ngā taputapu me ngā pūmanawa tawhito.
2. Te Hiko me te Mana Rorohiko: He uaua ake te tukanga whakawaehere H.265, ā, me nui ake te mana rorohiko me te hiko e hiahiatia ana, ka waiho pea tēnei hei herenga mō ngā pūnaha CCTV me mahi tonu i ngā rā katoa, i ngā rā e 24, i ngā rā e 7.
3. Utu Raihana: Pērā i a H.264, me utu hoki ngā utu raihana mō te HEVC, ā, ka ārai pea tēnei i te whakamahinga whānuitia e ngā whakahaere iti, waenga rānei.
AV1 (AOMedia Ataata 1)
He hangarau kōpeketanga ataata a AV1 i whakawhanakehia e te Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia). Hei paerewa kōpeketanga tuwhera, kore utu hoki, kua hangaia a AV1 kia pai ake te whai huatanga kōpeketanga i te H.265, me te whakakore i ngā utu raihana.
Ngā painga o AV1
1. Te Whai Hua o te Kōpeketanga: E ai ki ētahi rangahau, ka taea e AV1 te kōpeke i ngā ataata tae atu ki te 30% te whai hua ake i te H.265, ko te tikanga he nui ake te wāhi rokiroki ka taea te penapena.
2. Kore utu: Ko tētahi o ngā painga o AV1 ko tōna kore utu. Ka whakaitihia ngā utu raihana, he mea tino whai hua mō te maha o ngā kamupene.
3. Te Kounga Ataata Tino Pai: Ka whakamahia e AV1 ngā momo tikanga kōpeketanga matatau e taea ai te pupuri i te kounga ataata tino teitei ahakoa i ngā tere bitrate iti.
4. Tautoko Ahumahi: E tautokona ana a AV1 e ngā kamupene nui pēnei i a Google, Netflix, me Microsoft, ā, he paerewa pono, he paerewa tere hoki te whakamahi i roto i te umanga.
Ngā Huakore o AV1
1. Te Uaua o te Whakawaehere me te Wetewaehere: He nui ake te mana rorohiko e hiahiatia ana e te hangarau AV1 i te H.264 me te H.265. Ka pā pea tēnei ki te mahi me te whakapaunga hiko o ngā taputapu CCTV.
2. Te Kore o te Tautoko Taputapu: Ahakoa he maha ngā kamupene nui e tautoko ana i te AV1, kei te tīmatanga tonu te tautoko taputapu mō te wetewete AV1, ā, kāore i te tino whānui pērā i te H.264 me te H.265.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mahi a te hangarau kōpeketanga ataata i roto i ngā pūnaha CCTV hou. Ahakoa he tawhito ake a H.264, he mea nui tonu, he mea whai hua tonu hoki mō te nuinga o ngā tono. Ka haria e H.265 te whai huatanga o te kōpeketanga ki tētahi taumata hou, engari he nui ake te uaua me ngā utu raihana. Ko AV1, he kaitākaro hou ake, e tuku ana i te whai huatanga kōpeketanga pai ake, ā, kāore he utu, ahakoa kei te whanake tonu te tautoko taputapu.
I te wā e whiriwhiri ana koe i te hangarau kōpeketanga ataata pai rawa atu mō tō pūnaha CCTV, he mea nui kia whakaarohia ngā whakaritenga motuhake pēnei i te wāhi rokiroki, te kounga ataata e hiahiatia ana, te hototahitanga o ngā taputapu, me te utu. Mā te mārama ki ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ia hangarau, ka taea e koe te whakatau i te whakatau whai whakaaro nui hei whakapai ake i te haumarutanga me te whai huatanga o tō pūnaha CCTV.
