Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i tētahi kāmera CCTV mō ngā āhuatanga mārama iti
Ko te whiriwhiri i tētahi kāmera CCTV mō ngā wāhi iti te mārama ehara i te mea ko te rapu noa i tētahi kāmera e "whakaputa tonu ana i tētahi ahua e kitea ana." I ngā āhuatanga iti te mārama, me whakamahi te hangarau pūoko, ngā karāhe, te tukatuka ahua, me te rama tāpiri (pēnei i te infrared) hei whakarite kia mārama, kia whai hua hoki ngā whakaahua - ahakoa mō te aroturuki i ngā mahi, mō te tautuhi i ngā kanohi, i ngā pereti nama rānei. E matapakihia ana e tēnei tuhinga ngā āhuatanga nui hei whakaaro māu kia whiriwhiria ai e koe te kāmera CCTV tika mō tō whakamahau, tō karāti, tō whare putunga, tō papa waka, tō ara tari, tō wāhi o waho rānei i te pō.
1. Kia mārama ki te momo āhuatanga o te "mārama iti" i tō wāhi.
I mua i te tirotiro i ngā whakaritenga, me whakarite kia maherehia ngā āhuatanga mārama i te wāhi tāutanga:
– Pōuri rawa: kāore he rama (hei tauira, he kāinga o muri kāore he rama).
– He iti nei te māramatanga mai i ngā kurupae teitei, ngā rama māra he ngoikore, ngā whakaata rānei mai i roto i te whare.
– Teitei te rerekētanga: he kanapa ngā wāhi mārama (ngā rama tiriti, ngā rama neon) engari he pōuri te taiao, ka puta pea te kanapa me te pōuri kerekere.
– He maha ngā mea e neke ana: he tāngata, he waka rānei e neke ana; me āhei te kāmera ki te hopu whakaahua me te kore e pōuri.
He rerekē ngā whakaritenga a te kāmera mō te "mārama ngoikore" i ērā mō te "pōuri rawa." I te pōuri rawa, me tino hiahia koe ki te rama whero (IR) me ētahi atu rama rānei. I te pōuri rawa, ka taea e te kāmera he pūoko nui me te whānui o te whakatuwheratanga te whakaputa i ngā whakaahua tae āhua tūturu.
2. Kōwhiria he pūoko pai mō te mārama iti (te rahi me te kounga o te pūoko)
He nui te pānga o te pūoko ki te mahi o te mārama iti. He māmā noa te kaupapa: ko te nui ake o te pūoko, ko te pai ake hoki o tana hangarau, ka nui ake te mārama ka taea te hopu, ka kanapa ake ngā whakaahua, ā, ka iti ake te haruru (kōhatu).
Ngā mea hei mōhio:
– Rahi o te pūoko: he pai ake ngā pūoko nunui i te pō i ngā pūoko iti ake i te taumira ōrite.
– Hangarau pūoko: kei ētahi kāmera he pūoko he tino tairongo, he tukatuka rānei mō te mārama iti.
Ki te mea kei te raru koe i te whiriwhiri i waenga i tētahi kāmera taumira teitei me tētahi pūoko iti, me tētahi kāmera taumira iti ake me tētahi pūoko nui ake, pai ake hoki, e whakamahia ana mō ngā āhuatanga pōuri, mā te kōwhiringa tuarua ka pai ake ngā hua.
3. Kia tūpato ki te whakatuwheratanga o te arotahi (pūwero) me te roa o te arotahi.
Haunga te pūoko, ka whakatau anō te arotahi i te mahi a te mārama iti.
– Pūaha (Tau-F): ko te iti ake o te tau-f (hei tauira, f/1.6) he nui ake te pūaha e āhei ai te uru atu o te mārama. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakanui ake i te kanapa, ā, ka whakaiti i te hiahia ki te whakanui ake i te whakanui (e puta ai te haruru).
– Te roa o te arotahi me te koki tirohanga: Ka hopukina e te arotahi whānui he wāhi nui ake, engari ka āhua iti ake ngā mea (ngā mata/ngā pereti). Hei tautuhi, he pai ake i ētahi wā te whiriwhiri i tētahi koki tirohanga iti ake te whānui kia nui ake ai ngā taipitopito i roto i te anga.
Mō ngā wāhi pēnei i ngā tatau, whiriwhiria he anga e whakakī ana i te mata o te whakaahua i te nui o te wāhi, kaua e tawhiti rawa, e iti rawa hoki.
4. Tirohanga Pō IR: kia tino tika te whānuitanga IR, kaua he tau pānuitanga noa iho.
I te pōuri rawa, ka whakawhirinaki ngā kāmera ki te hihi whero (IR) hei whakaputa whakaahua pango-mā. He mea noa tēnei, ā, he mārama ake i te whakamahi i te aratau tae i te pōuri.
Ngā mea me tirotiro e koe:
– Te tawhiti IR whai hua: Ka rerekē pea te tatauranga "IR 30 m" i roto i ngā āhuatanga o te ao tūturu, i runga i ngā whakaata o te pakitara, ngā āhuatanga o te rangi, me te hoahoa o te IR LED. Whakaarohia tēnei tawhiti hei whakatau tata pai rawa atu i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino pai.
– Te horapa IR: kei reira ētahi kāmera he kaha te IR i waenganui engari he pōuri ngā taha (vignetting), he rerekē rānei.
– Tātari tapahi IR (ICR): mā tēnei āhuatanga ka pai ake te whakawhiti kāmera mai i te aratau awatea (tae) ki te aratau pō (IR).
Mena kei te aroturuki koe i tētahi wāhi nui, whakaarohia te whakamahi i ngā kāmera maha me te IR awhe-waenga, kaua i te kāmera kotahi e kī ana he roa rawa te IR engari kāore e taea te pānui i ngā taipitopito i ngā taha.
5. Whakaarohia he kāmera tirohanga pō "whetu" he kāmera tirohanga pō iti-te-tae rānei.
Ki te hiahia koe kia mau tonu te tae o ō whakaahua i te pō (he mea whai hua mō te tautuhi i ngā kākahu, i ngā waka rānei), kimihia he kāmera i hangaia mō tēnei kaupapa, he mea hokohoko pinepine me ngā kupu pēnei i te "whetu mārama" me te "pō tae". Ka whakawhirinaki ēnei kāmera ki ngā pūoko tairongo me ngā karāhe kanapa, i ētahi wā ka āwhinahia e te mārama mā.
Engari he whakaaetanga kei reira:
– Ka puta te haruru i te aratau tae mārama iti mēnā he iti rawa te mārama.
– Ki te tahuri te kāmera i te mārama mā, ka āwhina tēnei ki te tae engari ka taea te whakararuraru i ngā kainoho, te kukume i te aro, te whakaata rānei i ētahi mata.
Mō ngā wāhi noho, ka whai hua ngā rama mā mō ngā whakamahau me ngā karāti. Mō ngā wāhi e hiahia ana kia huna, he pai ake pea te rama IR.
6. WDR me te mahi ātete ki te kanapa
He maha ngā wā ka pāngia te kaupapa e te mārama iti, ā, ka kitea te mārama kanapa i muri mai. Koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi mai ai te WDR (Wide Dynamic Range).
– Ko te WDR tūturu (e kiia ana ko te 120 dB) he pai ake i te "WDR mamati" nā te mea kua pakeke ake ngā tikanga whakakotahi whakaaturanga.
– Mā te WDR ka kitea ngā kanohi o te hunga e neke ana mai i ngā wāhi mārama ki ngā wāhi pōuri, me ngā wāhi e tata ana ki ngā rama tiriti kei "pupuhi" te mā.
Mena kei te anga tō wāhi ki tētahi kēti he mārama ngā rama, ki te hopukina rānei e te ahunga o te kāmera ngā rama o mua o te waka, he āhuatanga tino nui te WDR.
7. Te tere o te anga, te kati, me te mōrearea o te pōuri o te nekehanga
I te pōuri, ka whakaroahia e ngā kāmera te tere o te kati hei hopu i te māramatanga. Ko te mutunga: ka pōuri haere ngā mea e neke ana.
Ngā otinga ka taea e koe te whakaaro:
– Kōwhiria he kāmera ka taea te noho pumau i te tere anga e tika ana (hei tauira, 20–25 fps) me te tukatuka pai i te mārama iti.
– Whakamahia he rama tāpiri (IR, rama rānei) kia kore ai te kāmera e hiahia ki te kati puhoi.
– Mō ngā hiahia motuhake pēnei i te pānui i ngā pereti nama, me rerekē te whirihoranga (tere kati tere, rama rawaka, me ngā koki tika). Kāore e pai te mahi a te kāmera mārama iti paerewa mō te LPR/ANPR.
Ko te tikanga, ehara i te mea ko te "kitea" anake te mea e hiahiatia ana e te mārama iti, engari ko te "kitea mārama hoki ina neke ana".
8. Taumira: kaua e whaia noa ngā megapixels
He nui ake ngā taipitopito e tukuna ana e te taumira teitei (4MP, 5MP, 8MP/4K), engari i te wā e pōuri ana te mārama, ka rite pea ki te hoari mata rua:
– Mō ngā pūoko iti, ka teitei ake te taumira, ka iti ake te rahi o te pika, ā, ka heke te mahi i te pō i ētahi wā (ka nui ake te haruru).
– Ka piki ake te whānui o te arai me te rokiroki, ka nui ake te pēhanga me te whakaiti i te kounga o ngā taipitopito.
He pai ake te kite a te tini o ngā kaiwhakamahi i tētahi kāmera 4MP, 5MP rānei me tētahi pūoko/arotahi pai, i tētahi kāmera 4K "iti te utu" engari kāore i te tino mārama ngā whakaahua o te pō.
9. Te kōpeketanga ataata me te tere moka: He āwhina a H.265, engari kaua e tino iti rawa.
Mō ngā rekoata pō, he uaua te tiaki i ngā taipitopito iti—ina koa mēnā he kaha rawa te kōpeketanga. Kia mōhio:
– Ka taea e te tautoko H.265/H.265+ te penapena rokiroki, engari me whakarite kia kaua e tino iti te tere o te moka.
– Ki te mea he āhua "pikseli" ō whakaahua pō, ki te ngaro rānei ngā taipitopito o te kanohi, ehara pea i te mea ko te kāmera anake te raru, engari ko te tere moka, te taumira, me ngā tautuhinga tere anga o tō NVR/DVR.
Ahakoa he kāmera pai, ka kino te āhua mena kāore i te tika te whirihoranga o te hopu ataata.
10. Te tūnga me te taiao o te kāmera: te mea nui rawa atu e warewarehia ana
He maha ngā raruraru o te mārama iti e puta mai ana i te tāutanga:
– Kaua e anga tika atu ki ngā pūtake mārama (ngā rama rama, ngā rama tiriti) i ngā wā katoa e taea ai.
– Kia tino ma te arotahi, kia kaua te whare kāmera e kapi i ngā tukutuku pungawerewere, ā, kia kaua hoki he whakaata mai i ngā pakitara e tata ana ki te arotahi.
– Mō ngā kāmera o waho, whiriwhiria tētahi he ātete ki te huarere pērā i te IP66/IP67.
– Whakaarohia te teitei o te whakairinga: ki te teitei rawa ka uaua te kite i te mata; ki te iti rawa ka ngawari ki te takahi i te taiao. Mō ngā tomokanga, he pai ake te teitei waenga me te koki mārie.
Mena he kōwhiringa, mā te tāpiri i tētahi rama iti, pumau (hei tauira, he rama whakamahau) ka pai ake te kounga i te whakakapi i te kāmera.
11. Whakamātautau tūturu: tonoa he tauira hopu oro i te pō, whakamātauria rānei
Kāore ngā whakaritenga tuhituhi e whakaata i ngā hua tuturu i ngā wā katoa. Mena kei te hoko koe mō tētahi matea nui, me mahi i ēnei e whai ake nei:
– Pātai atu mō ngā tauira o ngā kiriata o te pō mai i taua momo kāmera anō.
– Whakamātauria ki te wāhi i ngā hāora pōuri rawa (hei tauira, 02.00–04.00).
– Arotakehia mēnā ka taea e koe te kite i ngā kanohi i te tawhiti e hiahiatia ana, kaua ko te kite noa i "tērā he tangata".
Whakamutunga
Hei whiriwhiri i tētahi kāmera CCTV mō ngā āhuatanga mārama iti, arotahi ki te huinga o tētahi pūoko pai, he karu kanapa (he iti te āputa), he tirohanga pō IR whai hua, me ngā āhuatanga WDR me te kaha ki te whakahaere i ngā nekehanga me te kore e pōuri. Kaua e arotahi noa ki ngā megapixels—ko te kounga o te mārama iti ka whakatauhia e te pai o te hopu me te tukatuka a te kāmera i te mārama. Hei whakamutunga, kia mahara ko te whakatakotoranga o te kāmera me te mārama taiao te nuinga o ngā rerekētanga nui i waenga i ngā kiriata e "āhua" noa ana me ngā kiriata e tino whai hua ana hei tautuhi.
Ki te hiahia koe, tohua mai te wāhi tāutanga (roto/waho), te tawhiti e hiahia ana koe ki te tiro i ngā mea (hei tauira, 3 m, 10 m, 20 m), mēnā he mārama, he pōuri kerekere rānei, me ō hiahia (aroturuki anake, tautuhi kanohi/pereti raihana rānei). Ka taea e au te āwhina ki te tūtohu i ngā whakaritenga tika ake, tae atu ki te maha o ngā kāmera me ō rātou wāhi tāutanga.
