Te Whakamahinga o te Matawai i roto i te Rongoā Koiora
He tikanga tātari te ine-ā-ira e uru ana ki te tirotiro i te taunekeneke i waenga i te matū me te irahiko hikohiko. Ko te irahiko hikohiko e whakamahia ana i roto i te ine-ā-ira e kapi ana i te mārama ultraviolet me te mārama e kitea ana, te mārama infrared, me ngā hihi-X. I roto i te mara koiora, kua noho te ine-ā-ira hei taputapu tino nui mō te whānuitanga o ngā tono, mai i te tātaritanga mate me te rangahau koiora-ngota ki te whakawhanaketanga rongoā. Ka arotakehia e tēnei tuhinga ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te whakamahinga o te ine-ā-ira i roto i te koiora-rongoā.
Ngā Mātāpono Taketake o te Matawai
I te nuinga o te wā, e toru ngā wāhanga matua o te tirotiro irahiko: te whakaohooho, te tukunga, te whakawhiti rānei, me te kimi. Ka tīmata tēnei tukanga ina whakaohoohohia tētahi tauira e te irahiko hikohiko, ka puta he whakawhiti pūngao i roto i ngā ngota, i ngā ngota rānei i roto i te tauira. Ka uru pea tēnei whakawhiti ki te nekehanga o ngā irahiko mai i tētahi taumata pūngao ki tētahi atu, kātahi ka hoki ki tōna āhua taketake me te tukunga o te pūngao i roto i te āhua o te irahiko hikohiko. Mā te kimi i tēnei irahiko ka whakaratohia he mōhiohio e pā ana ki te hanganga ngota me te hanganga matū o te tauira.
He maha ngā momo tātaritanga e whakamahia ana i roto i te rongoā koiora, tae atu ki, engari kāore i te herea ki, te tātaritanga UV-Vis, te tātaritanga infrared (IR), te tātaritanga Raman, te tātaritanga aukume karihi (NMR), me te tātaritanga papatipu.
Ngā Whakamahinga o te Matawai i roto i te Rongoā Koiora
Te Matawai NMR (Te Āhuatanga Aukume Karihi)
He whānui ngā whakamahinga o te tirotiro irahiko NMR i roto i te ao koiora. E whakamahia ana hei whakatau i te hanganga o ngā ngota waro me ngā ngota koiora me te tino taipitopito. I roto i te rangahau koiora, ka āwhina te NMR i ngā kairangahau ki te mārama ki te āhua toru-ahu o ngā ngota koiora pēnei i te pūmua, ngā waikawa karihi, me ngā warowaihā. He mea nui tēnei mō te whanaketanga rongoā, nā te mea ko ngā āhuatanga me ngā mahi a ngā ngota koiora e whakawhirinaki ana ki ō rātou āhua.
I roto i ngā tātaritanga hauora , ka whakamahia te whakaahua aukume (MRI), e ahu mai ana i te mātāpono o te NMR, hei whakaputa whakaahua taipitopito o ngā hanganga o roto o te tinana. He tino whai hua tēnei tikanga mō te kimi i ngā pukupuku, i te kino o te kiko, me ētahi atu mate, me te kore e hiahiatia he tikanga whakaeke.
Te Matawai Papatipu
Ko te ine ira papatipu (ine ira papatipu, MS) he tikanga e whakamahia ana hei tautuhi i ngā wāhanga matū o tētahi tauira i runga i te ōwehenga papatipu-ki-te-utu (m/z) o ōna katote. I roto i te rongoā koiora, ka whakamahia te MS mō te tātari proteomic, metabolomic, me te lipidomic. Mā tēnei tikanga ka taea e ngā kairangahau te tātari i ngā pūmua, ngā metabolites, me ngā lipids i runga i te rahinga me te kounga, he mea nui tēnei mō te mārama ki ngā tikanga mate me te whakawhanake i ngā rongoā e hiahiatia ana.
Kua whakamahia hoki te MS i roto i ngā tātaritanga haumanu, hei tauira i te kimi i ngā tohu koiora o te mate. Mā te tautuhi i ngā tohu koiora, ka taea te kite i ngā mate pēnei i te mate pukupuku i te wā tōmua, ka taea ai te wawaotanga hauora tere ake, whai hua ake hoki.
Matawai UV-Vis
E whakamahia ana te mātai UV-Vis hei tātari i ngā tauira e mimiti ana i te mārama ultraviolet, i te mārama kitea rānei. He māmā, he tere hoki tēnei tikanga, ā, he maha ngā whakamahinga i roto i ngā taiwhanga haumanu mō te tātari tauanga o ngā koiora ngota pēnei i ngā pūmua, ngā nucleotide, me ngā whākōkī.
Hei tauira, i roto i te tātaritanga o te mate ate, ka taea te ine i te kukū o te bilirubin i roto i te toto mā te whakamahi i te mātai UV-Vis. He maha hoki te whakamahinga o tēnei taputapu i roto i ngā rangahau whākōkī hei ine i te mahi whākōkī mā te whai i ngā huringa o te mimiti e puta mai ana i ngā tauhohenga whākōkī.
Te Matawai Pūwero (IR)
Ko te tirotiro ira-whero (IR) e hangai ana ki te mimiti o te hihi whero e ngā ngota tauira. He tauira mimiti whero ahurei tō ia ngota, ka taea te whakamahi mō te tautuhi me te whakaahua i ngā ngota. I roto i te rongoā koiora, ka whakamahia te IR hei ako i te hanganga tuarua o te pūmua, ngā taunekeneke ligand-receptor, me ngā huringa hanganga i roto i ngā rangahau mate.
Ko te Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) tētahi momo IR e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Mā te FTIR ka nui ake ngā taipitopito o ngā hihi, ā, ka taea te tātari ine i ngā wāhanga o te ranunga. He tino whai hua tēnei i roto i te histology me te pathology, ina taea ai te āwhina i te tautuhi me te whakarōpū i ngā kiko matepukupuku.
Te tirotiro Raman
Ko te tirotiro Raman he tikanga e whakamahi ana i te marara kore-whakapūmau o te mārama taiaho e ngā ngota. Ka taea e tēnei tikanga te whakarato i ngā mōhiohio taipitopito mō ngā hononga matū me ngā taiao ngota. I roto i te rongoā koiora, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te tirotiro Raman i roto i te rangahau mate pukupuku hei tautuhi i ngā tohu koiora me ngā pūmua e pā ana ki ngā pukupuku.
Ka whakamahia hoki te Raman spectroscopy mō ngā tātaritanga kore-whakaekenga. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakamahi i te Raman fingerprinting hei tātari tika i te hanganga matū o ngā kiko, o ngā wai tinana rānei, me te kore e hiahiatia he whakarite tauira uaua. He nui te kaha o tēnei mō ngā tono in-vivo, pērā i te kimi i te mate pukupuku kiri me te kore e hiahiatia he koiora.
Ngā Wero me ngā Tūmanako o te Matawai i roto i te Rongoā Koiora
Wero
Ahakoa he maha ngā painga o te tātaritanga, he maha ngā wero hei wikitoria. Ko tētahi o ēnei wero ko te uaua o ngā raraunga. Ngā raraunga tātari He maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he rauropi matatau me te mōhiotanga hōhonu mō te tirotiro irahiko hei whakamārama i ngā irahiko ka puta. Ka pā anō hoki ngā rerekētanga koiora me ngā rerekētanga hangarau ki ngā hua tirotiro irahiko, me te hiahia kia tino kaha te whakahaere kounga me te whakamana tikanga.
Tirohanga
Ā tōna wā, e matapaetia ana ka piki ake te aro, te taumira, me te tere tātari i te whanaketanga o te hangarau tirotiro mata. Mā te whakaurunga o te tirotiro mata ki ētahi atu hangarau, pērā i te tirotiro karuārai, Hangarau Mōhiohio ā, mā te matauranga horihori ka huaki ake ngā whai wāhitanga hou ki te tātaritanga mate me te rangahau. Mā te mahi tahi puta noa i ngā marautanga, pērā i te matū, te koiora, te hangarau, me te rongoā, ka akiaki ake i te auahatanga i roto i ngā tono tirotiro i roto i te koiora rongoā.
Te Katinga
I roto i ngā tekau tau kua pahure ake nei, kua whakamātauhia te matawai hei taputapu tino nui i roto i te rongoā koiora. Mai i te rangahau taketake ki ngā tono haumanu, ka āwhina te matawai i ngā kairangahau me ngā tohunga hauora ki te mārama me te aro atu ki te whānuitanga o ngā wero hauora. I te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau me ngā tikanga hou, tera pea ka whānui haere tonu te kaha o te matawai i roto i te rongoā koiora, ka whakarato i ngā taputapu whai hua me te whai hua ake mō te tātaritanga, te rangahau, me te rongoā.
