Te Rerekētanga i waenga i ngā Pūhiko Lithium me ngā Pūhiko NiMH
He pūtake hiko nui ngā pākahiko mō ngā taputapu hou maha, mai i ngā mana mamao pouaka whakaata me ngā kāmera ki ngā waka hiko. I roto i ngā momo pākahiko ka taea te whakahou e whakamahia whānuitia ana, ko ngā mea e rua e whakatauritea pinepinetia ana ko ngā pākahiko Lithium (ko te Lithium-ion/Li-ion me te Lithium-polymer/Li-po te tikanga) me ngā pākahiko Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH). Ahakoa e taea ana te whakahou i ngā mea e rua, he rerekē ngā āhuatanga o te kiato pūngao, te roa, te utu, te haumaru, me ngā whakamahinga. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i ngā pākahiko Lithium me NiMH hei āwhina i a koe ki te whiriwhiri i te mea tika mō ō hiahia.
1. Te Hanganga me te Āhua o tana Mahi i roto i te Poto
He maha ngā whānau matū o ngā pākahiko lithium, engari ko te mea tino kitea i roto i ngā hua kaihoko ko te Li-ion. Ka whakamahia e ēnei pākahiko te nekehanga o ngā katote lithium i waenga i te anode me te cathode mā roto i te electrolyte. Nā te mea he tino māmā te lithium, ā, he nui hoki tōna pūmanawa hikohiko, ka tukuna e ngā pākahiko lithium he nui te kaha i roto i te rahi iti.
I taua wā, ka whakamahia e ngā pākahiko NiMH he katote e hangai ana ki te nickel oxyhydroxide me te anode whakarewa ngongo-hauwai (metal hydride). Ina mahi te pākahiko, ka heke te hauwai hei iona, ka whakaputa hiko mā te tauhohenga redox. I whakawhanakehia te NiMH hei whakakapi pai ake mō te taiao ki te NiCd (Nickel-Cadmium), nā te mea kāore he cadmium i roto.
2. Te Kīanga Pūngao
Ko tētahi o ngā rerekētanga nui ko te mātotoru o te pūngao. Ko te tikanga he nui ake te mātotoru o te pūngao o ngā pākahiko lithium i ngā pākahiko NiMH. Ko te tikanga, ahakoa te rahi me te taumaha ōrite, ka taea e ngā pākahiko lithium te penapena i te pūngao nui ake. Koinei te take e whakamahia ai e ngā waea pūkoro, ngā pona, me te maha o ngā taputapu kawe hou ngā pākahiko lithium: e hiahia ana ngā kaiwhakamahi ki ngā taputapu angiangi, māmā, engari he roa te ora.
He iti ake te mātotoru o te pūngao NiMH. He nui ake, he taumaha ake hoki ngā pākahiko NiMH mō te kaha pūngao ōrite. Heoi, i ētahi whakamahinga, pērā i ngā pākahiko AA/AAA, kei te rongonui tonu te NiMH nā te mea kei te wātea, kei te hototahi ki ngā taputapu tawhito, me te haumaru hoki.
3. Te Ngaohiko Ingoa me tōna Pānga ki ngā Pūrere
Ko te ngaohiko noa o ngā pākahiko lithium (Li-ion) kei te 3,6–3,7 volts ia pūtau, ko ngā pākahiko NiMH kei te 1,2 volts ia pūtau. Nā tēnei rerekētanga he mea nui te hoahoa ara iahiko me te hototahi o ngā taputapu.
Hei tauira, ka taea tonu e te taputapu i hangaia mō ngā pākahiko kawakore 1,5V AA te whakahaere i ētahi wā i runga i ngā pākahiko NiMH 1,2V, engari ka heke pea te mahi a ētahi (hei tauira, ka memeha haere ētahi rama). Ko ngā pākahiko lithium, i tētahi atu ringa, ka whakamahia i roto i ngā kete pākahiko me ngā whakaritenga pūtau raupapa-whakarara kua whakaritea ki ngā whakaritenga ngaohiko o te taputapu, pērā i te 2S (tata ki te 7,4V) 3S rānei (tata ki te 11,1V).
4. Te Ora Huringa
Ka taea te whakahōu anō i ngā momo pākahiko e rua i ngā rau wā, engari ko te roa o te ora e pāngia ana e te āhua o te whakamahinga me te whakahōunga.
– Ritiumu: he pai te roa o te huringa, engari he tairongo ki te wera, te utu nui rawa, me te tukunga hohonu. He maha ngā pākahiko ritiumu hou kua rite ki ngā pūnaha tiaki (BMS/PCM) hei ārai i te utu nui rawa, te tukunga nui rawa, me te iahiko nui rawa. I raro i te whakamahinga noa, ka taea e te Ritiumu-ion te whakatutuki i ngā rau ki te neke atu i te kotahi mano huringa i runga i te kounga o te pūtau me te whakahaere hiko.
– NiMH: ka taea hoki te roa mō ngā rau huringa. He nui ake te manawanui o te NiMH ki ētahi āhuatanga i te lithium, engari ka heke te mahi mena ka rongoatia i roto i te āhua kua tukuna, ka tukuna rānei ki te utu hē. Ko te hangarau NiMH hou, inā koa te momo iti te tuku-ake (LSD), he pumau ake mō te whakamahinga o te whare.
5. Te Tukunga-ā-Whaiaro (Te Ngaronga o te Mana Ina Penapenahia)
Ko te tuku-ā-ake ko te pūngao e ngaro ana ahakoa kāore te pākahiko e whakamahia ana.
– He nui te tere o te tukunga-ā-unoa o ngā pākahiko NiMH tuku iho; ka taea e rātou te ngaro i te ōrau nui o tā rātou utu i roto i ētahi wiki. Heoi, he pai ake ngā pākahiko NiMH iti-tukunga-ā-unoa (e hokohokohia ana mō te whakamahinga o ia rā) ā, ka taea te pupuri i te utu mō ngā marama.
– He iti ake te tere tuku-ā-unoa o te lithium. Nō reira, ka mau tonu te mana o ngā taputapu lithium-ion i muri i te rongoa mō tētahi wā, ahakoa ka heke haere pea. Heoi, he mea nui kia mahara ko te ara iahiko tiaki me te taputapu tonu ka pau pea te kaha i te wā e tū tatari ana.
6. Te Tere me te Whai Hua o te Utu
Ko te tikanga, he tere ake, he pai ake hoki te utu o ngā pākahiko lithium, engari me whai tikanga utu motuhake (CC-CV: iahiko pumau, kātahi ka iahiko pumau). Me tika ngā rihi lithium hei whakarite i te haumaru me te ārai i te kino o te pākahiko.
Ko te tikanga, ka utaina ngā pākahiko NiMH mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga rerekē, pērā i te kimi delta-V, te aroturuki rānei i te pāmahana. Ka taea te uta i ngā pākahiko NiMH i ngā iahiko rerekē, engari ka taea e te utu tere te whakanui ake i te wera. Ko ngā pākahiko NiMH he ngāwari ake i ngā utu ngāwari, engari ka taea e te utu hē te whakapoto i te roa o te ora.
7. Haumarutanga me ngā Mōrearea
He mea nui te aro atu ki ngā āhuatanga haumaru i ngā wā katoa.
– He nui ake te mōrearea o te lithium ki te kino o te tinana, te utu nui rawa, te ara iahiko poto, te pānga rānei ki ngā pāmahana tino kino. I ngā wā tino kino, ka pāngia ngā pūtau lithium e te werawera, ka arahi pea ki te ahi. Nō reira, ko ngā pākahiko lithium he mea whakarite ki te tiaki hiko, ki ngā pūoko pāmahana, me te hoahoa miihini pakari.
– Ko te NiMH he mea haumaru ake, he mea pumau hoki ki ngā matū. Mēnā ka puta he raruraru, ko te nuinga o te wā ka puta ko te whakaputa wera, ko te turuturu rānei o ngā electrolyte, ahakoa he morearea tonu mēnā kāore i te āta whakahaerea. Mō te whakamahi kāinga me ngā taputapu māmā noa iho, he maha ngā wā ka kiia ko te NiMH he kōwhiringa haumaru ake, he whai hua ake hoki.
8. Te Utu me te Wātea
He ngāwari te wātea mai o ngā pākahiko NiMH AA/AAA, he iti te utu, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā taputapu maha e hiahia ana ki ngā pākahiko paerewa. He whānuitia hoki ngā momo rihi NiMH, mai i te iti te utu ki te matatini.
He nui ake te utu mō ia waeine o ngā pākahiko lithium, inā koa ka whakamahia ngā pūtau kounga teitei me ngā pūnaha tiaki. Heoi, nā te nui o te kaha o te pūngao, ka taea te whakataetae te utu mō ia waeine i roto i ētahi tono. Mō ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā waea atamai, kua tata te paerewa o ngā pākahiko lithium ki te ahumahi nā te mea he pai ake te mahi.
9. Ngā Whakamahinga me ngā Taupānga e Tika ana
He pai ngā pākahiko lithium mō:
– Waea atamai, papa, pona
– Ngā kāmera hou me ngā taputapu kawe kaha-teitei
– Pēke hiko
– Ngā waka rererangi me ngā taputapu RC
– Ngā waka hiko (me ētahi rerekētanga matū lithium)
He pai ngā pākahiko NiMH mō:
– Ngā pākahiko AA/AAA ka taea te whakahou mō ngā mana mamao, ngā karaka, ngā taonga takaro, ngā rama rama
– Ngā taputapu e hiahia ana kia tere, kia ngāwari hoki te whakakapi i te pākahiko
– Mō te whakamahinga o te whare e hiahia ana ki tētahi pākahiko haumaru, roa hoki te ora
– Kua hangaia ētahi tono ahumahi, ētahi taputapu rānei mō te NiMH
10. Ngā Pānga ki te Taiao me te Hangarua
He pānga ā-taiao tō ēnei e rua, ā, me hangarua tika. He pai ake te NiMH ki te taiao i te NiCd nā te mea kāore he cadmium i roto, engari kei roto tonu te nickel me ētahi atu matū kāore e tika kia maka noatia.
Me hangarua anō hoki ngā pākahiko lithium nā te mea kei roto i ēnei he konganuku me ngā electrolytes morearea pea. Hei tāpiri, ko te pikinga ake o te whakamahinga o ngā pākahiko lithium kei te akiaki i te hiahia mō ngā hanganga hangarua pai ake hei whakaiti i ngā para me te whakaora i ngā rauemi whai hua.
Whakamutunga
Ko ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i ngā pākahiko lithium me NiMH kei roto i te kiato pūngao, te ngaohiko mō ia pūtau, te tukunga-ā-unoa, te haumaru, me ngā whakaritenga pūnaha utu. He tino pai te lithium mō te kaha nui, te mama, me te mahi mō ngā taputapu hou, engari me tiaki tika me te utu. He tino pai te NiMH mō te haumaru, te wātea, me te hototahi ki ngā pākahiko AA/AAA paerewa, ahakoa he taumaha ake, he iti ake hoki te ngaohiko.
Mena kei te hiahia koe i tētahi pākahiko mō tētahi taputapu kawe mahi-teitei, ā, he rahi iti te rahi e hiahiatia ana, ko ngā pākahiko lithium te whiringa pai rawa atu. Heoi, mō te whakamahinga kāinga me ngā taputapu e hiahia ana ki ngā pākahiko paerewa, ā, e hiahia ana ki tētahi whiringa māmā ake, haumaru ake hoki, he mea nui tonu te NiMH, ā, he mea tika kia whakaarohia. Ko te whiriwhiri i te pākahiko pai rawa atu ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā hiahia o tō taputapu, ki ngā tauira whakamahinga, me ō kaupapa matua i waenga i te mahi, te utu, me te haumaru.
