Te Mārama ki ngā Waehere Hapa i runga i ngā Mīhini Waka
I tēnei ao hou o te hangarau motuka, ehara ngā motuka i te mea he mea whakamiharo noa iho; he pūnaha uaua e kī ana i ngā hikohiko me ngā pūmanawa matatau. Ko tētahi o ngā wāhanga nui o ēnei pūnaha matatau ko te pūnaha On-Board Diagnostics (OBD). Nā tēnei pūnaha kua māmā ake te mārama o ngā mekanika me ngā kaipupuri motuka ki ngā mea e hē ana i raro i te taupoki, ko te nuinga mā roto i ngā waehere hapa. Ko te whāinga o tēnei tuhinga he whakamārama i ēnei waehere hapa me te whakarato i ngā māramatanga mārama ki te whakamahinga hei pupuri i te hauora me te roa o te ora o tō waka.
He aha ngā OBD me ngā Waehere Hapa?
Ko te pūnaha On-Board Diagnostics he pūnaha paerewa i roto i ngā motuka me ngā taraka mō te tātaritanga whaiaro me te tuku pūrongo. I tīmata mai i te tekau tau atu i 1980, i hangaia te OBD hei aroturuki i ngā wāhanga miihini me te whakaputa waehere hapa - e mōhiotia ana ko ngā Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) - ina he hapa. Ka whakamahia e ngā waka hou te paerewa OBD-II, he whakaritenga mō ngā motuka me ngā taraka mama katoa e hokona ana i te United States mai i te tau 1996.
Ko ngā waehere hapa he waehere ā-tau e tohu ana i ngā take motuhake e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te waka, pērā i te miihini, te tuku, ngā tukunga hau, me ētahi atu pūnaha iti. Ahakoa he tohu pea ētahi waehere i ngā take iti, ko ētahi he tohu pea i ngā raruraru nui e hiahia ana kia arohia tonutia.
Me pēhea te pānui i ngā waehere hapa
Hei uru atu ki ngā waehere hapa, me whai matawai OBD-II koe. Kei roto i ēnei taputapu ngā kaipānui waehere utu iti ki ngā taputapu tātaritanga matatau ake e tuku ana i ngā tohutohu tātaritanga me te rapurongoā whānui. Monohia te matawai ki te tauranga OBD-II, kei raro i te papatohu i te taha o te taraiwa. Kia honoa, whai i ngā tohutohu a te matawai hei tiki i ngā waehere hapa kua rongoatia ki te rorohiko o te motuka.
Te Mārama ki ngā Kāwai Waehere Hapa
Ka taka ngā waehere hapa ki roto i ētahi wāhanga whānui, ia wāhanga he reta kei te tīmatanga o te waehere e tohuhia ana:
– Ngā Waehere-P (Ngā Waehere Whakaterenga Mana): E pā ana ēnei waehere ki te mīhini, te tuku hiko, me ngā pūnaha tukunga.
– Ngā Waehere-B (Ngā Waehere Tinana): E pā ana ēnei waehere ki ngā pūnaha tinana pēnei i ngā pēke hau, ngā whitiki nohoanga, me ngā mana whakahaere āhuarangi.
– Ngā Waehere-C (Ngā Waehere Chassis): E pā ana ēnei waehere ki ngā wāhanga e pā ana ki te chassis, tae atu ki ngā pēki ārai-raka me te whakatārewatanga.
– Ngā Waehere-U (Ngā Waehere Whakawhitiwhiti Whatunga): E pā ana ēnei waehere ki ngā take whatunga me ngā whakawhitiwhitinga kōrero i waenga i ngā kōwae.
Te Wehewehe i te Waehere Hapa
Kia kitea e koe tētahi waehere hapa, ka rite tōna āhua ki tēnei: P0420. Me wehewehe tātou:
– Reta (P): E tohu ana i te pūnaha. I tēnei wā, ko te 'P' te tohu mō te pūnaha hiko.
– Mati tuatahi (0) : E tohu ana mēnā he waehere paerewa (SAE) he waehere motuhake rānei nā te kaihanga. Ko te '0' he tohu mō te waehere paerewa, ko te '1' he tohu mō te waehere motuhake nā te kaihanga.
– Te mati tuarua (4): E tohu ana i te pūnaha motuhake i roto i te kāwai whānui. Hei tauira, ko te 4 te tikanga he tohu mō tētahi take e pā ana ki te tukunga.
– Ngā mati e rua whakamutunga (20) : Mā ēnei ka kitea te hapa tika i roto i taua kāwai.
Waehere Hapa noa me o ratou tikanga
Anei ētahi o ngā waehere hapa OBD-II e kitea whānuitia ana me ō rātou tikanga whānui:
P0300 – Matapōkere/Maha Potakaro Misfire I kitea
E tohu ana tēnei waehere he maha ngā rango e mura ana i te koretake. He maha ngā take pea ko ngā mono mura, ngā koiri mura, ngā werohanga wahie, tae atu ki te turuturu korehau. Ki te kore e aro ki tēnei take, ka raru pea te miihini.
P0420 – Pūnaha Whakakorikori Te Pai I raro i te Paepae (Peeke 1)
He maha ngā wā ka tohu tēnei waehere i tētahi raruraru kei roto i te pai o te mahi a te kaitahuri catalytic. Ko ngā take pea ko te korenga o te kaitahuri catalytic ki ngā raruraru pēnei i te pūoko hāora hē, te turuturu rānei o te hau.
P0171 – Tino Hiroki Te Pūnaha (Peeke 1)
Ko te tikanga o tēnei waehere he kikokore rawa te ranunga hau-wahie i roto i tētahi o ngā tahataha o te mīhini. Ko ētahi o ngā take noa ko te turuturu korehau, te paru o te Pūoko Rere Hau Papatipu (MAF), te hē rānei o te pūoko hāora.
P0455 – I Kitea te turuturu o te Pūnaha Tukunga Whakamomona (Tukunga Nui)
Ko te hapa P0455 e tohu ana i te turuturu nui i roto i te pūnaha Evaporative Emission Control (EVAP). Tērā pea nā te taupoki hau e kore e rere, te ipu EVAP pakaru, ngā ngongo pakaru rānei.
P0700 – Te Punaha Whakawhiti Whakawhiti
He tohu tēnei kei te raru te pūnaha whakahaere tuku. Tērā pea nā te iti o te wai tuku, te pakaru o te solenoid, ngā raruraru rānei o te waeine whakahaere tuku (TCM).
Te Wāhitau i ngā Waehere Hapa
Tikanga Taketake
– Rangahauhia te Waehere: Tīmata mā te mārama ki te tikanga o te waehere. He maha ngā pātengi raraunga ipurangi, tae atu ki te paetukutuku a te kaihanga matawai, e tuku ana i ngā taipitopito mō ia waehere.
– Tirohia te Pukapuka Ārahi: Ka taea e te pukapuka ārahi ratonga o tō waka te whakarato i ngā māramatanga whai hua mō te tātaritanga me te whakatika i te raruraru.
– Tirotiro Ā-kanohi: I ētahi wā, mā te tirotiro ā-kanohi māmā ka kitea ngā take mārama pēnei i te taupoki hau e kore e marere ana, te waea rānei e momotu ana.
– Whakamahia ngā Utauta Tātaritanga: Ka taea e ngā matawai OBD-II matatau te whakarato raraunga ora me ētahi atu māramatanga ki te take e pā ana.
Ahea ki te rapu awhina ngaio
Ahakoa he maha ngā DTC ka taea te whakatau e te rangatira waka mātau, ko ētahi take me whai wawaotanga ngaio. Hei tauira, ki te mahi tahi me ngā pūnaha uaua pēnei i te tuku waka, i ngā hikohiko matatau rānei, he mea nui ngā taputapu ngaio me te tohungatanga.
Nga Rauwhiwhi Aukati
– Te Tiaki Auau: Whāia te kaupapa tiaki o tō waka kia pai ai te āhua o ngā wāhanga, kia kore ai hoki e puta ngā waehere hapa.
– Ngā Tirotiro Auau: Tirohia tō waka i ia wā mō te pakaru me te haehae, me te whakatika i ngā take nohinohi i mua i te whakararuraru.
– Ngā Wāhanga Kounga: Whakamahia ngā wāhanga me ngā wai whakakapinga kounga teitei hei whakarite i te pono me te roa o te wā e whakamahia ana.
Opaniraa
Mā te mārama ki ngā waehere hapa OBD-II ka taea te whakangawari ake i te tautuhi me te whakatika i ngā raruraru o te miihini waka. Ahakoa te āhua whakamataku o te ariā o ngā waehere hapa i te tīmatanga, mā te ngana ki te mārama ki ēnei tohu ā-tau ka nui te āwhina ki te pupuri i te hauora o tō waka. Tirohia tonutia te pukapuka ā-ringa o tō waka, whakamahia ngā taputapu tautuhi pono, me te rapu āwhina ngaio ina hiahiatia. Mā te noho mōhio me te noho matatau, ehara i te mea ka pai ake te haere engari ka roa ake hoki te roa o te ora o tō waka.
