Mgbasawanye olu - nsogbu na ngwọta

Ọ bụ naanị ihe siri ike ka a na-ahụ mmụba nke nha nha; ihe niile, ma ihe siri ike, mmiri mmiri, na gas, na-enweta mmụba nke nha ...

Nkọwa: V_o = Olu mbụ, V = Olu ikpeazụ, ΔV = V – V_o = Mgbanwe na olu, T_o = Okpomọkụ mbụ, T = Okpomọkụ ikpeazụ, ΔT = T – T_o = Mgbanwe na okpomọkụ, β = ọnụọgụ nke mgbasawanye olu. Nkeji nke β = (C^o) ^-1

Usoro mgbasa olu dị n'elu na-emetụta naanị mgbe mgbanwe dị na olu ihe ndị ahụ (ma siri ike, mmiri mmiri, na gas) pere mpe karịa olu mbụ nke ihe ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na mgbanwe na olu ihe karịrị olu mbụ nke ihe ahụ, usoro mgbasa olu anaghị enye nsonaazụ ziri ezi. Ọtụtụ mgbe, mgbanwe na olu nke ihe siri ike na-enweta anaghị oke ibu. N'aka nke ọzọ, usoro mgbasa olu nke mmiri mmiri na gas buru ibu. Usoro mgbasa olu maka ihe gas dịkwa mfe ịgbanwe ma ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ agbanwee. Ya mere, usoro dị n'elu na-eji naanị maka mgbasa nke ihe siri ike.

1. Na 30 ^oC olu nke okirikiri aluminom bụ 30 cm³Ọnụọgụ nke Mgbasawanye ahịrị bụ 24 x 10^{-6 o}C^-1Ọ bụrụ na olu ikpeazụ bụ 30.5 cm³, kedu okpomọkụ ikpeazụ nke okirikiri aluminom?

A maara:

Ọnụọgụ nke mgbasawanye ahịrị (α) = 24 x 10^{-6 o}C^-1

Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmụba olu (β) = 3 α = 3 x 24 x 10^{-6 o}C^-1 = 72 x10^{-6 o}C^-1

The mbụ okpomọkụ (T₁) = 30^oC

Mpịakọta mbụ (V₁) = 30cm³

Mpịakọta ikpeazụ (V₂) = 30.5cm³

Mgbanwe na olu (ΔV) = 30.5 cm³ - 30 cm³ = 0.5 sentimita³

A chọrọ: Okpomọkụ ikpeazụ (T₂)

Ngwọta:

ΔV= β (V)₁)(ΔT)

ΔV= β (V₁)(T₂ - A₁)

0.5 cm³ = (72 x 10^{-6 o}C^-1)Ogologo (30 cm)³)(T₂ - 30^oC)

0.5 (2160 X XUMUM^-6)(T₂ - 30)

0.5 (2.160 X XUMUM^-3)(T2 - 30)

0.5 (2.160 X XUMUM^-3)(T₂ - 30)

0.5 / (2.160 X XUMUM^-3) = T₂ - 30

0.23 x 10³ =T₂ - 30

0.23 x 1000 = T₂ - 30

230=T₂ - 30

230 + 30 = T₂

T₂ = 260^oC

2. Ọnụọgụ nke mgbasawanye linear nke okirikiri ígwè bụ 9 x 10^{-6 o}C^-1Dayameta dị n'ime nke okirikiri ígwè ahụ na 20 ^oC bụ 2.2 cm. Ọ bụrụ na dayameta ikpeazụ bụ 2.8 cm, kedu ka okpomọkụ ikpeazụ ga-adị!

A maara:

Ọnụọgụ nke mgbasawanye ahịrị (α) = 9 x 10^{-6 o}C^-1

Ọnụọgụ nke mgbasawanye olu (β) = 3 α = 3 x 9 x 10^{-6 o}C^-1 = 27 x10^{-6 o}C^-1

Okpomọkụ mbụ (T₁) = 20^oC

Dayameta mbụ (D₁) = 2.2cm

Dayameta ikpeazụ (D₂) = 2.8cm

Mgbada mbụ (r₁) = D₁ / 2 = 2.2 cm³ / 2 = 1.1 cm³

Radius ikpeazụ (r₂) = D₂ / 2 = 2.8 cm³ / 2 = 1.4 cm³

Mpịakọta mbụ (V₁) = 4/3 π r₁³ = (4/3)(3.14)(1.1 cm)³ = (4/3)(3.14)(1.331 cm)³) = 5.57cm³

Mpịakọta ikpeazụ (V₂) = 4/3 π r₂³ = (4/3)(3.14)(1.4 cm)³ = (4/3)(3.14)(2.744 cm)³) = 11.48cm³

Mgbanwe na olu (ΔV) = 11.48 cm³ - 5.57 cm³ = 5.91 sentimita³

A chọrọ: Okpomọkụ ikpeazụ (T₂)

Ngwọta:

ΔV= β (V)₁)(ΔT)

5.91 cm³ = (27 x 10^{-6 o}C^-1)(5.57 cm³)(T₂ - 20^oC)

5.91 (150.39 X XUMUM^-6)(T₂ - 20)

5.91 /150.39 x 10^-6 =T₂ - 20

0.039 x 10⁶ =T₂ - 20

39 x 10³ =T₂ - 20

39,000=T₂ - 20

39,000 + 20 = T₂

T₂ = 39,020 ^oC

3. A 2000-cm³ aluminom akpa, juputara na mmiri na 0^oC. Wee kpoo ọkụ ruo 90^oC. Ọ bụrụ na ọnụọgụ nke mgbasawanye linear maka aluminom bụ 24 x 10^-6 (^oC)^-1 na ọnụọgụ nke mgbasawanye olu maka mmiri bụ 6.3 x 10^-4 (^oC)^-1, chọpụta oke mmiri a wụfuru.

A maara:

Olu mbụ nke akpa aluminom na mmiri (V_o) = 2000cm³ = 2 x10³ cm³

Okpomọkụ mbụ nke akpa aluminom na mmiri (T₁) = 0^oC

Okpomọkụ ikpeazụ nke akpa aluminom na mmiri (T)₂) = 90^oC

Ọnụọgụ nke mgbasawanye ahịrị maka aluminom (α) = 24 x 10^-6 (^oC)^-1

Ọnụọgụ nke mgbasawanye olu maka aluminom (γ) = 3α = 3 (24 x 10^-6 (^oC)^-1 ) = 72 x 10^{-6 o}C^-1

Ọnụọgụ nke mgbasawanye olu maka mmiri (γ) = 6.3 x 10^-4 (^oC)^-1

A chọrọ: Olu nke mmiri a wụfuru

Ngwọta:

Usoro nke mgbasawanye olu:

V = V_o + γ V_o ΔT

V - V_o = γ V_o ΔT

ΔV = γ V_o ΔT

V = olu ikpeazụ, V_o = olu mbụ, ΔV = mgbanwe olu, γ = ọnụọgụ nke mgbasawanye olu, ΔT = mgbanwe na okpomọkụ

Gbakọọ mgbanwe dị na olu nke akpa aluminom:

ΔV = γ V_o ΔT = (72) X XUMUM^-6)(2 x 10³)(90) = 12960 x 10^-3 = 12.960 sentimita³

Gbakọọ mgbanwe dị na olu mmiri ahụ:

ΔV = γ V_o ΔT = (6.3 x 10^-4)(2 x 10³)(90) = 1134 x 10^-1 = 113.4 sentimita³

Mgbanwe dị na olu mmiri ahụ karịrị nke aluminom nke mere na ụfọdụ mmiri gbapụrụ.

Gbakọọ olu mmiri a wụfuru:

113.4 cm³ - 12.960 cm³ = 100.44 sentimita³

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1. Ịgbanwe nha okpomọkụ
2. Mgbasawanye ahịrị
3. Mgbasawanye mpaghara
4. Mgbasawanye olu
5. okpomọkụ
6. Ihe nhata igwe nke okpomọkụ
7. Ike okpomọkụ na okpomọkụ kpọmkwem
8. Okpomọkụ zoro ezo, okpomọkụ nke njikọta, okpomọkụ nke vaporization
9. Nchekwa ike maka nnyefe okpomọkụ