Okirikiri Carnot - nsogbu na ngwọta ya

Okirikiri Carnot - nsogbu na ngwọta ya

1. Ọ bụrụ na injin ahụ na-amịkọrọ okpomọkụ (Q ₁ ) = Joules 10,000, kedu ọrụ injin Carnot na-arụ?

Mara:

Okpomọkụ dị ala (T2 ₎ = 400 K

Okpomọkụ dị elu (T ₁ ) = 800 K

Ntinye okpomọkụ (Q1 ₎ = Joules 10,000

Achọtara: Ọrụ nke injin Carnot (W) rụrụ

ngwọta:

Arụmọrụ nke injin Carnot:

Ọrụ Carnot engine rụrụ:

W = e _Q1

W = (1/2)(10,000) = Joule 5000

2.

Dabere na eserese dị n'elu, kedu ọrụ injin na-arụ n'ime okirikiri?

A maara:

Okpomọkụ dị ala (T _L ) = 400 K

Okpomọkụ dị elu (T _H ) = 600 K

Ntinye okpomọkụ (Q1 ₎ = Joules 600

Achọtara: Injin Carnot (W) rụrụ ọrụ ahụ

Ngwọta:

Arụmọrụ nke injin Carnot:

Ọrụ nke injin Carnot rụrụ:

W = e _Q1

W = (1/3)(600) = Joule 200

3. Dabere na eserese dị n'okpuru, kedu ka injin Carnot si arụ ọrụ nke ọma?

A maara:

Okpomọkụ dị ala (T _L ) = 350 K

Okpomọkụ dị elu (T _H ) = 500 K

Achọsiri ike: Ịrụ ọrụ nke injin Carnot (e)

Ngwọta:

Arụmọrụ nke injin Carnot:

e = (TH _– TH ₎ / _TH

e = (500 – 350) / 500

e = 150 / 500

E = 0.3

e = 30/100 = 30%

4. Dabere na eserese dị n'okpuru, okpomọkụ dị elu nke injin okpomọkụ bụ 600 K na obere okpomọkụ bụ 400 K. Ọ bụrụ na ọrụ injin ahụ rụrụ bụ W, kedu ihe mmepụta okpomọkụ ahụ pụtara.

A maara:

Okpomọkụ dị ala (T _L ) = 400 K

Okpomọkụ dị elu (T _H ) = 600 K

Achọrọ: mmepụta okpomọkụ ( _Q2 )

Ngwọta:

Arụmọrụ nke injin Carnot:

e = (TH _– TH ₎ / _TH

e = (600 – 400) / 600

e = 200 / 600

e = 1/3

Ọrụ nke injin Carnot rụrụ:

W = e _Q1

W = ọrụ injin rụrụ, e = arụmọrụ, Q1 = ntinye okpomọkụ

W = (1/3)(Q ₁ )

3W = _Q1

Mmepụta ọkụ:

Q2 = _Q1 – _W

Q2 = 3W – _W

Q2 = _2W

5. Dabere na eserese dị n'okpuru, ọ bụrụ na mmepụta okpomọkụ bụ Joules 3000, kedu ihe ntinye okpomọkụ dị.

A maara:

Okpomọkụ dị ala (T)_L) = 500 K

Okpomọkụ dị elu (T _H ) = 800 K

Mmepụta okpomọkụ (Q2 ₎ = Joules 3000

Achọrọ: Ntinye okpomọkụ ( _Q1 )

Ngwọta:

Arụmọrụ nke injin Carnot:

e = (TH _– TH ₎ / _TH

e = (800 – 500) /8600

e = 300 / 800

e = 3/8

Ọrụ nke injin Carnot rụrụ:

W = e _Q1

W = (3/8)(Q ₁ )

8W/3 = _Q1

Q2 = _Q1 – _W

Q2 = 8W/3 – 3W/ ₃

Q2 = 5W/ ₃

3Q ₂ = 5W

W = 3Q _2/5 = 3(3000)/5 = 9000/5 = 1800

Okpomọkụ nke injin ahụ na-amịkọrọ:

Q1 = W + Q2 ₌ 1800 + 3000 = 4800 _Joules

6. Injin Carnot na-amịkọrọ okpomọkụ na oke okpomọkụ 800 Kelvin, arụmọrụ nke injin Carnot bụ 50%. Kedu oke okpomọkụ dị elu iji mee ka arụmọrụ dịkwuo elu ruo 80% ma ọ bụrụ na a na-eme ka okpomọkụ dị ala na-adịgide.

A maara:

Ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ dị elu (TH ₎ = 800 K, arụmọrụ (e) = 50% = 0.5

Achọrọ: Oke okpomọkụ (T _H ) ma ọ bụrụ na arụmọrụ (e) = 80% = 0.8

Ngwọta:

Okpomọkụ dị ala = 400 Kelvin

Kedu ihe bụ oke okpomọkụ (TH ₎ ma ọ bụrụ na arụmọrụ (e) = 80%?

Oke okpomọkụ dị elu = 2000 Kelvin

7. Injin Carnot na-arụ ọrụ na oke okpomọkụ 600 Kelvin, arụmọrụ ya dịkwa 40%. Ọ bụrụ na arụmọrụ injin ahụ bụ 75% ma na-anọgide na-enwe obere okpomọkụ, kedu ka okpomọkụ dị elu si dị?

A maara:

Ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ dị elu (TH ₎ = 600 K, arụmọrụ (e) = 40% = 0.4

Achọrọ: Oke okpomọkụ (T _H ) ma ọ bụrụ na arụmọrụ (e) = 75% = 0.75

Ngwọta:

Okpomọkụ dị elu (T)_H) ọ bụrụ na arụmọrụ (e) = 75%?

Oke okpomọkụ dị elu = 1440 Kelvin

1. Kedu ihe bụ okirikiri Carnot? AzịzaOkirikiri Carnot bụ okirikiri thermodynamic nke na-anọchite anya okirikiri injin okpomọkụ kachasị mma enwere ike ịgbanwe agbanwe. O nwere usoro isothermal abụọ na usoro adiabatic abụọ.
2. Gịnị mere e ji were okirikiri Carnot dị ka okirikiri zuru oke? Azịza: A na-ewere okirikiri Carnot dị ka nke kacha mma n'ihi na ọ na-anọchite anya oke arụmọrụ kachasị elu maka injin okpomọkụ ọ bụla. Ọ dịghị ezigbo injin nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma karịa injin Carnot nke na-arụ ọrụ n'etiti otu ebe nchekwa okpomọkụ abụọ ahụ.
3. Kedu usoro anọ dị na okirikiri Carnot? AzịzaUsoro anọ dị na okirikiri Carnot bụ:
   1. Mgbasawanye Isothermal na oke okpomọkụ dị elu T_H​.
   2. Mgbasa Adiabatic (ebe a na-ekpuchi sistemu ahụ nke ọma ma na-ajụ oyi).
   3. Mkpakọ Isothermal na obere okpomọkụ T_C​.
   4. Mkpakọ Adiabatic (ebe a na-ekpuchi sistemu ahụ nke ọma ma na-ekpo ọkụ).
4. Gịnị mere na enweghị ezigbo injin okpomọkụ nke na-arụ ọrụ na okirikiri Carnot? Azịza: Ezigbo injin nwere mfu a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe, dịka esemokwu, ha enweghịkwa ike idobe mkpuchi zuru oke n'oge usoro adiabatic. Ọzọkwa, ọ gaghị ekwe omume imezu usoro isothermal na-adịghị nwayọ nke usoro Carnot chọrọ.
5. Kedu ihe bụ arụmọrụ nke injin Carnot? Azịza: Arụmọrụ $\eta$ nke injin Carnot nke na-arụ ọrụ n'etiti ebe nchekwa okpomọkụ abụọ T_H​ (ọkụ) na T_C​ (oyi) ka enyere site na:
   η=1-T_C/T_H​​​

   ebe okpomọkụ dị na Kelvin.

6. Gịnị mere na injin Carnot enweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma 100%? Azịza: Nrụ ọrụ injin Carnot dabere na ọdịiche okpomọkụ dị n'etiti ebe nchekwa ọkụ na nke oyi. Iji nweta arụmọrụ 100%, okpomọkụ nke ebe nchekwa oyi ga-adịrịrị efu kpamkpam (0 Kelvin), nke a na-apụghị inweta n'ọrụ.
7. Gịnị bụ mkpa mgbanwe dị na okirikiri Carnot? Azịza: Mgbanwe na-eme ka o doo anya na enweghị usoro na-emepụta entropy, nke pụtara na okirikiri ahụ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na arụmọrụ kachasị elu. Usoro ọ bụla a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe ga-ebelata arụmọrụ okirikiri ahụ.
8. Kedu ka usoro Carnot si metụta iwu nke abụọ nke thermodynamics? Azịza: Usoro Carnot na-akwado Iwu nke Abụọ site n'igosi oke dị elu na arụmọrụ nke injin okpomọkụ. Iwu nke Abụọ na-ekwu na ọ dịghị injin nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma karịa injin Carnot nke na-arụ ọrụ n'etiti otu okpomọkụ abụọ ahụ.
9. Gịnị mere na ọ gaghị ekwe omume inwe usoro isothermal n'oge a na-eji eme ihe n'ụwa n'ezie dịka ha si dị na okirikiri Carnot? Azịza: Usoro isothermal, dịka egosiri na okirikiri Carnot, chọrọ oge na-enweghị njedebe, nke na-adịghị mma n'ọrụ n'ezie. Nke a bụ n'ihi na iji nọgide na-enwe ọnọdụ isothermal, nnyefe okpomọkụ kwesịrị ime nwayọ nwayọ.

10. Kedu ka okirikiri Carnot si enyere ndị injinia na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị aka? Azịza : okirikiri Carnot na-enye ihe atụ nke usoro maka arụmọrụ kachasị elu nke injin okpomọkụ. Site n'iji ezigbo injin tụnyere okirikiri Carnot, ndị injinia na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere ike ịchọpụta ebe ndị a ga-emeziwanye ma ghọta oke isi nke atụmatụ ha.