Ọrụ emere na usoro thermodynamic - nsogbu na ngwọta

Ọrụ emere na usoro thermodynamic - nsogbu na ngwọta

1. A na-agbakọ gas zuru oke site na steeti 1 ruo steeti 2 dịka egosiri na eserese dị n'okpuru. Chọpụta ọrụ gas ahụ rụrụ.

ngwọta

1 lita = 0.001 m 3

A maara:Ọrụ emere na usoro thermodynamic - nsogbu na ngwọta 1

Nrụgide 1 (P 1 ) = 10 kPa = 10,000 Pa = 10,000 N/m 2

Nrụgide nke 2 (P 2 ) = 20 kPa = 20,000 Pa = 20,000 N/m 2

Mpịakọta nke 1 (V 1 ) = lita 4 = 4 (0.001 m 3 ) = 0.004 m 3

Mpịakọta nke 2 (V 2 ) = lita 10 = 10 (0.001 m 3 ) = 0.010 m 3

Achọtara: Ọrụ gas rụrụ (W)

Ngwọta:

W = P (V2 – V1 ) + 1/2 ( P2 – P1 )( V2 – V1 )

W = 10,000 (0.010-0.004) + 1/2 (20,000-10,000) (0.010-0.004)

W = 10,000 (0.006) + 1/2 (10,000) (0.006)

W = 10 (6) + 1/2 (10) (6)

W = 60 + 1/2 (60)

W = 60 + 30

W = Joule 90

2. Chọpụta ọrụ gas ahụ rụrụ n'usoro abcda, dịka egosiri na eserese dị n'okpuru.

A maara:

Nrụgide 1 (P)1) = 1 x 105 Pa = 1 x 105 Nkem2Ọrụ emere na usoro thermodynamic - nsogbu na ngwọta 2

Nrụgide 2 (P 2 ) = 3 x 10 5 Pa = 3 x 10 5 N/m 2

Mpịakọta nke 1 (V 1 ) = 2 m 3

Mpịakọta nke 2 (V 2 ) = 4 m 3

Achọtara: Ọrụ (W)

Ngwọta:

Ọrụ gas = mpaghara nke akụkụ anọ abcd rụrụ.

W = (P 2 – P 1 )(V 2 – V 1 )

W = (3 x 10 5 – 1 x 10 5 )(4 – 2)

W = (2 x 10 5 )(2)

W = 4 x 105 Joules

W = Joule 400,000

W = 400 kJ

3. Chọpụta ọrụ gas na-arụ ABCA.

A maara:

Nrụgide 1 (P)1) = 1 N/m2Ọrụ emere na usoro thermodynamic - nsogbu na ngwọta 3

Nrụgide 2 (P2 ) = 7 N/ m2

Mpịakọta nke 1 (V 1 ) = 1 m 3

Mpịakọta nke 2 (V 2 ) = 5 m 3

Achọtara: Ọrụ (W)

Ngwọta:

Ọrụ gas = mpaghara nke triangle ABC rụrụ

W = ½ (P 2 – P 1 )(V 2 – V 1 )

W = ½ (7-1)(5-1)

W = ½ (6)(4)

W = ½ (24)

W = Joule 12

  1. Gịnị bụ nkọwa nke ọrụ na thermodynamics?
    • Azịza: Na thermodynamics, a na-akọwa ọrụ dị ka mbufe ike gaa na ma ọ bụ site na sistemụ nke na-abụghị n'ihi ọdịiche okpomọkụ dị n'etiti sistemụ na gburugburu ya.
  2. Kedu ka ọrụ si ejikọta na eserese olu nrụgide (PV) nke usoro thermodynamic?
    • Azịza: N'ime eserese PV, ọrụ nke sistemụ ma ọ bụ nke e mere n'oge usoro na-anọchi anya mpaghara dị n'okpuru usoro ahụ. Maka usoro ndị metụtara gas, a na-enye ọrụ ahụ site na njikọta nke P dV, ebe P bụ nrụgide na dV bụ mgbanwe dị iche na olu.
  3. Kedu ọrụ a na-arụ n'oge usoro isochoric?
    • Azịza: Usoro isochoric na-eme na olu na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ dịghị mgbanwe olu, ọrụ a rụrụ n'oge usoro isochoric bụ efu.
  4. Kedu ka ọrụ a rụrụ na mgbasawanye isobaric (nrụgide na-adịgide adịgide) si dị iche na nke mgbasawanye isothermal (okpomọkụ na-adịgide adịgide) nke gas zuru oke?
    • Azịza: Na mgbasawanye isobaric, a na-agbakọ ọrụ dị ka ebe P bụ nrụgide na-adịgide adịgide na bụ mgbanwe olu. Maka mgbasawanye isothermal nke gas zuru oke, enwere ike ịgbakọ ọrụ site na iji usoro nha anya gbakọọ ya. , ebe n bụ ọnụọgụ nke moles, R bụ gas na-agbanwe agbanwe zuru ụwa ọnụ, na na bụ mpịakọta ikpeazụ na nke mbụ, n'otu n'otu.
  5. Gịnị ka iwu mbụ nke thermodynamics gbasara ọrụ na ike pụtara?
    • Azịza: Iwu mbụ nke thermodynamics kwuru na mgbanwe dị n'ime ike nke sistemụ hà nhata okpomọkụ agbakwunyere na sistemụ ahụ ma e wezụga ọrụ sistemụ ahụ rụrụ na gburugburu ya. Ọ na-anọchite anya nchekwa nke ụkpụrụ ike.
  6. Maka usoro okirikiri na eserese PV, gịnị ka mpaghara ejikọtara na-anọchi anya ya?
    • Azịza: Maka usoro okirikiri na eserese PV, mpaghara a na-etinye n'ime ya na-anọchite anya ọrụ netwọk nke sistemụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nke dị na ya mere n'otu okirikiri.
  7. Kedu ka ọrụ a rụrụ n'usoro adiabatic si dị iche na usoro isothermal maka gas zuru oke?
    • Azịza: N'ime usoro adiabatic, enweghị mgbanwe okpomọkụ na gburugburu ya, yabụ ọrụ emere na-ebute mgbanwe na ike dị n'ime nke gas. Maka usoro isothermal, okpomọkụ ahụ na-adịgide adịgide, a na-ahazikwa ọrụ ọ bụla emere site na nha nhata nke nnyefe okpomọkụ, yabụ enweghị mgbanwe na ike dị n'ime.
  8. Gịnị mere ọrụ e rụrụ n'usoro a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe nwere ike iji dị iche na usoro a na-agbanwe agbanwe ọbụlagodi na ọnọdụ mbụ na nke ikpeazụ bụ otu?
    • Azịza: N'usoro a na-agbanwe agbanwe, ọnọdụ etiti ọ bụla dị n'etiti ọnọdụ mbụ na nke ikpeazụ dị n'ogo nhata. N'usoro a na-agbanwe agbanwe, nke a abụghị ikpe. Ụzọ ndị e si na eserese PV, ya mere ọrụ e mere, nwere ike ịdị iche nke ukwuu n'etiti ụdị usoro abụọ ahụ, ọbụlagodi ma ha amalite ma kwụsị n'otu ebe.
  9. Kedu ka ọnụnọ nke omume gas na-adịghị mma (ezigbo) si emetụta ngụkọ ọrụ na usoro thermodynamic?
    • Azịza: Maka ezigbo gas, mgbanwe site na omume zuru oke nwere ike ibute ọdịiche na ngụkọ ọrụ, ọkachasị na nrụgide dị elu ma ọ bụ obere okpomọkụ. Enwere ike iji usoro Van der Waals ma ọ bụ ụdị gas ndị ọzọ iji kọwaa mgbanwe ndị a.
  10. Gịnị ka ọ pụtara ma ọ bụrụ na ọrụ e mere na sistemụ adịghị mma?
  • Azịza: Ọ bụrụ na ọrụ e mere na sistemụ adịghị mma, ọ pụtara na sistemụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ na gburugburu ya. Nke a na-abụkarị mmụba nke gas megide nrụgide mpụga.
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