Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya Banyere Ọdụ Igwe Magnetik
Ọdụ magnetik bụ echiche dị mkpa na fiziki nke na-akọwa otu ike magnetik si ejikọta na ihe magnetized ma ọ bụ chaja eletrik na-agagharị. Ịmụta gbasara ọdụ magnetik dị oke mkpa n'ihi na o nwere ọtụtụ ojiji, site na ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị ruo na ahụike ruo na ụgbọelu. Isiokwu a ga-atụle ọtụtụ ihe atụ nke ịmụta ajụjụ gbasara ọdụ magnetik yana mkparịta ụka na ngwọta ha, nke anyị nwere olileanya na ọ ga-enyere gị aka ịmụta echiche a nke ọma.
Ịghọta Ọdụ Igwe Magnetik
N'ozuzu, enwere ike ịmepụta ubi magnet site na magnet na-adịgide adịgide ma ọ bụ ọkụ eletrik na-asọfe n'ime waya. A na-agbakọ ike ubi magnet n'otu ebe site na iji iwu Biot-Savart ma ọ bụ iwu Ampère, dabere na ọnọdụ ndị a kapịrị ọnụ. A na-egosi ubi magnet site na vektọ B ma nwee nkeji nke Tesla (T).
Ajụjụ na Mkparịta ụka Ihe Nlereanya
Ajụjụ nke 1: Ọdụ magnetik dị n'etiti okirikiri na-ebu ugbu a
Ajụjụ: Gbakọọ oke nke ebe ndọta dị n'etiti eriri waya gburugburu yana radius R na ibu ọkụ I.
Azịza:
Enwere ike ịgbakọ ubi magnet dị n'etiti eriri okirikiri site na iji iwu Biot-Savart nke na-ekwu:
\[ B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2R} \]
Ebe:
– \( \mu_0 \) = ikuku na-agbapụta ( \( \mu_0 = 4\pi \times 10^{-7} \, \text{T m/A} \) )
– I = ọkụ eletrik dị na okirikiri ahụ
– R = radius nke aka ahụ
Ka e were ya na R = 0,1 m na I = 5 A, mgbe ahụ oke nke ebe ndọta dị n'etiti aka ahụ bụ:
\[ B = \frac{4\pi \oge 10^{-7} \oge 5}{2 \oge 0,1} = \frac{2\pi \oge 10^{-6}}{0,1} = 2\pi \oge 10^{-5} \, \text{T} \]
Ya mere, oke nke ebe ndọta dị n'etiti aka ahụ dị ihe dịka \( 6,28 \u003 10^{-5} \, \text{T} \).
Ajụjụ nke Abụọ: Ọdụ Igwe Magnetik N'akụkụ Waya Na-ebu Ọkụ Na-aga nke Ọma
Ajụjụ: Chọpụta ebe ndọta dị n'ebe dị anya site na waya ogologo kwụ ọtọ nke nwere ọkụ eletrik I.
Azịza:
Iji gosi na ihe dị n'ime waya na-ebu ọkụ eletrik kwụ ọtọ, anyị na-eji iwu Ampere, nke e kwuru dịka:
\[ B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi d} \]
Ebe:
– \( \mu_0 \) = ikuku na-agbapụta
– I = ọkụ eletrik dị na waya ahụ
– d = anya site na waya ahụ
Ka e were ya na I = 10 A na d = 0,02 m, mgbe ahụ:
\[ B = \frac{4\pi \oge 10^{-7} \oge 10}{2\pi \oge 0,02} = \frac{4 \oge 10^{-6} \oge 10}{0,02} = 2 \oge 10^{-4} \, \text{T} \]
Ya mere, oke nke ebe ndọta magnetik dị n'ebe dị anya nke mita 0,02 site na waya ahụ bụ \( ugboro 2 10^{-4} \, \text{T} \).
Ajụjụ nke 3: Ọdụ magnetik dị n'etiti waya abụọ na-ebu ọkụ eletrik
Ajụjụ: E kewara waya abụọ na-ebu ọkụ eletrik n'otu oge site na anya d, nke ọ bụla na-ebu ọkụ eletrik I1 na I2. Chọpụta ebe magnetik dị n'etiti waya abụọ ahụ.
Azịza:
Iji gbakọọ ebe ndọta dị n'etiti waya abụọ, anyị ga-eburu n'uche ntụziaka na oke nke ebe ndọta nke waya ọ bụla mepụtara.
Ka e were ya na I1 = 5 A na I2 = 10 A, anya dị n'etiti waya abụọ ahụ bụ 0,1 m. Mgbe ahụ anya dị site na etiti ruo waya ọ bụla bụ 0,05 m. Dabere na iwu Ampere:
Ọdụ magnetik nke waya 1 (B1) n'etiti:
\[ B_1 = \frac{\mu_0 I_1}{2\pi (d/2)} = \frac{4\pi \oge 10^{-7} \oge 5}{2\pi \oge 0,05} = ugboro 2 10^{-5} \, \text{T} \]
Ọdụ magnetik nke waya 2 (B2) n'etiti:
\[ B_2 = \frac{\mu_0 I_2}{2\pi (d/2)} = \frac{4\pi \oge 10^{-7} \oge 10}{2\pi \oge 0,05} = ugboro 4 10^{-5} \, \text{T} \]
Ebe ọ bụ na ubi magnet abụọ ahụ dị n'akụkụ dị iche na etiti, oke nke oke magnet zuru oke na etiti bụ ọdịiche dị n'etiti B2 na B1:
\[ B_{\text{total}} = B_2 – B_1 = ugboro anọ 10^{-5} – ugboro abụọ 10^{-5} = ugboro abụọ 10^{-5} \, \text{T} \]
Ya mere, oke nke ebe ndọta dị n'etiti waya abụọ ahụ bụ \( ugboro 2 10^{-5} \, \text{T} \).
Ajụjụ nke 4: Ọdụ magnetik dị n'ime isi nke solenoid
Ajụjụ: Gbakọọ ebe ndọta dị n'ime solenoid ogologo nke nwere ntụgharị n kwa otu ogologo ma na-ebu ọkụ I.
Azịza:
Maka solenoid ogologo, oghere magnet dị na solenoid fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe ma a na-agbakọ ya site na iji usoro nha anya:
\[ B = \mu_0 n I \]
Ebe:
– \( \mu_0 \) = ikuku na-agbapụta
– n = ọnụọgụ nke ntụgharị kwa mita
– I = ọkụ eletrik
Ka e were ya na solenoid nwere ntụgharị 1000 kwa mita yana ugbu a nke 2 A na-asọ, mgbe ahụ:
\[ B = 4\pi \ugboro 10^{-7} \ugboro 1000 \ugboro 2 = 8\pi \ugboro 10^{-4} \, \ederede{T} \]
\[ B = ugboro 8 3.14 \ ugboro 10^{-4} = 25.12 \ ugboro 10^{-4} \, \ederede{T} \]
Ya mere, ebe ndọta dị n'ime solenoid dị ihe dị ka \( 2.51 \ugboro 10^{-3} \, \text{T} \).
Mmechi
Ịghọta ubi magnetik dị mkpa maka ọtụtụ ojiji teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ. Site na ihe atụ ndị a, ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ga-enwe olileanya na ha ga-aghọta nke ọma otu ubi magnetik si arụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, dịka eriri gburugburu, waya kwụ ọtọ, waya abụọ yiri ibe ha, na solenoid. Ịga n'ihu na-eme ihe nwere ọtụtụ nsogbu na ọnọdụ ga-eme ka echiche a sikwuo ike.
