Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya Banyere Ebili Elektrọmagnetik
Ebili mmiri elektrọmagnetic bụ ebili mmiri nke sitere na ogidi eletriki na magnetik na-agbagharị agbagharị nke na-agbasa site na oghere ikuku na ọsọ ìhè. Ebili mmiri ndị a dị oke mkpa maka akụkụ dị iche iche nke ndụ, site na nkwukọrịta ruo ahụike. Iji ghọta echiche a nke ọma, anyị ga-atụle ọtụtụ nsogbu gbasara ebili mmiri elektrọnik na nkọwa ha.
Ajụjụ nke 1: Ịgbakọ Ogologo Wave
Ebili eletriki nwere ugboro 500 MHz. Chọpụta ogologo ebili ya!
Azịza:
Ugboro (f) = 500 MHz = 500 x 10^6 Hz
Ọsọ nke ìhè (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Enwere ike ịgbakọ ogologo ebili mmiri (λ) site na iji usoro a:
\[ \lambda = \frac{c}{f} \]
Lee nkọwa mgbakọ na mwepụ ndị a:
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \ugboro 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{500 \ugboro 10^6 \, \text{Hz}} \]
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \ugboro 10^8}{5 \ugboro 10^8} \]
\[ \lambda = 0.6 \, \text{mita} \]
Ya mere, ogologo ebili mmiri elektrọnik bụ mita 0.6.
Ajụjụ nke Abụọ: Ike nke Photon
Kedu ike nke foton nke nwere ugboro 6 x 10^14 Hz?
Azịza:
Enwere ike ịgbakọ ike (E) nke foton site na iji usoro Planck:
\[ E = hf \]
Ebe:
– h bụ ihe na-agbanweghi agbanwe nke Planck = 6.626 x 10^-34 J·s
– ugboro ugboro nke f bụ = 6 x 10^14 Hz
Maca,
\[ E = (6.626 \ugboro 10^{-34} \, \text{J·s}) \ugboro (ugboro 6 10^{14} \, \text{Hz}) \]
\[ E = 3.9756 \ugboro 10^{-19} \, \ederede{J} \]
Ya mere, ike nke foton bụ 3.9756 x 10^-19 joules.
Ajụjụ nke 3: Ọsọ nke Ebili Elektrọnik n'ime Ọkwa
Ọ bụrụ na ọsọ ìhè dị na oghere ikuku bụ 3 x 10^8 m/s na ihe ntụgharị nke ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe bụ 1.5, kedu ka ọsọ ìhè dị na ihe ahụ?
Azịza:
Enwere ike ịgbakọ ọsọ nke ìhè na ihe na-eme n'etiti (v) site na iji ihe ntụgharị uche (n):
\[n = \frac{c}{v} \]
Ebe:
– c bụ ọsọ nke ìhè n'ime oghere = 3 x 10^8 m/s
– n bụ ntụaka ntụgharị uche = 1.5
Ngụkọta v:
\[ v = \frac{c}{n} \]
\[ v = \frac{3 \ugboro 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{1.5} \]
\[ v = ugboro abụọ 10^8 \, \ederede{m/s} \]
Ya mere, ọsọ nke ìhè n'ime ihe a bụ mita 2 x 10^8 kwa sekọnd.
Ajụjụ nke 4: Ebili eletriki na ugboro redio
Ọdụ redio X na-agbasa ozi na ugboro ole nke 100 MHz. Kedu ka ogologo ebili mmiri nke mgbaama ahụ si dị?
Azịza:
Ugboro (f) = 100 MHz = 100 x 10^6 Hz
Ọsọ nke ìhè (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Enwere ike ịgbakọ ogologo ebili mmiri (λ) site na iji usoro a:
\[ \lambda = \frac{c}{f} \]
Maca,
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \ugboro 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{100 \ugboro 10^6 \, \text{Hz}} \]
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \ugboro 10^8}{1 \ugboro 10^8} \]
\[ \lambda = 3 \, \text{mita} \]
Ya mere, ogologo ebili mmiri nke mgbaàmà redio bụ mita 3.
Ajụjụ nke Ise: Ike nke Antenna natara
Antenna na-enweta akara ebili mmiri elektrọnik nke nwere ike nke 0.1 W na ugboro 2.4 GHz. Foton ole ka antenna na-enweta kwa sekọnd?
Azịza:
Ike (P) = 0.1 W = 0.1 J/s
Ugboro (f) = 2.4 GHz = 2.4 x 10^9 Hz
Enwere ike ịgbakọ ike nke otu photon (E) site na iji usoro a:
\[ E = hf \]
\[ E = (6.626 \ugboro 10^{-34} \, \text{J·s}) \ugboro (ugboro 2.4 \ugboro 10^9 \, \text{Hz}) \]
\[ E = 1.59024 \ugboro 10^{-24} \, \ederede{J} \]
Enwere ike ịgbakọ ọnụọgụ nke foton kwa sekọnd (N) site na ike nkewa ike site na ike kwa foton:
\[ N = \frac{P}{E} \]
\[ N = \frac{0.1 \, \text{J/s}}{1.59024 \ugboro 10^{-24} \, \text{J}} \]
\[ N = 6.29 \ugboro 10^{22} \, \ederede{fotons/s} \]
Ya mere, antenna ahụ na-enweta ihe dị ka foton 6.29 x 10^22 kwa sekọnd.
Mmechi
Mkparịta ụka gbasara ebili mmiri electromagnetic dị iche iche ma na-ekpuchi ọtụtụ akụkụ, site na ịgbakọ ogologo ebili mmiri, ike foton, ruo ọsọ ebili mmiri na etiti. A na-atụ anya na nsogbu ihe atụ na nkọwa ha dị n'elu ga-enyere gị aka ịghọta echiche nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic n'ime omimi na ojiji ka ukwuu. Olileanya, isiokwu a bara uru ma gbasaa nghọta ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ banyere ebili mmiri electromagnetic.
