Ajụjụ Mkparịta ụka Ndị Ọzọ
Pendahuluan
Ọwa eletriki ọzọ (AC) bụ ụdị ọkụ eletrik nke na-agbanwe ntụziaka mgbe niile. N'adịghị ka ọkụ eletrik kpọmkwem (DC), nke na-aga n'otu ụzọ, ọwa eletriki ọzọ na-agbanwe agbanwe na ọsọ na ntụziaka dị iche iche. A na-ejikarị AC eme ihe nke ukwuu na nkesa ike eletrik n'ihi uru ya na nnyefe dị anya na ikike ịgbanwe voltaji ya ngwa ngwa site na iji transformers. Isiokwu a ga-enye ọtụtụ ihe atụ nsogbu na mkparịta ụka metụtara ọkụ eletrik ọzọ iji mee ka nghọta gị banyere isiokwu a dịkwuo omimi.
Ajụjụ Ihe atụ nke 1: Ugboro na Oge nke Mgbanwe Ọkụ
Ajụjụ:
Ọkụ eletrik na-agbanwe agbanwe nwere ugboro ole nke 50 Hz. Gbakọọ oge nke ọkụ eletrik.
Azịza:
Ugboro (f) na oge (T) nke ugbu a na-agbanwe agbanwe nwere njikọ ndị a:
\[ T = \frac{1}{f} \]
Site na ugboro (f) nke 50 Hz:
\[ T = \frac{1}{50} \]
\[ T = 0,02 \ederede{ sekọnd} \]
Ya mere, oge nke ugbu a na-agbanwe agbanwe bụ 0,02 sekọnd.
Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya nke Abụọ: Nrụgide Kachasị Elu na Nrụgide Dị Irè
Ajụjụ:
Ọkụ eletrik nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma (Vmax) nke 311 V. Gbakọọ voltaji dị irè (Veff) nke ọwa a.
Azịza:
Voltaji dị irè (Veff) nke ugbu a na-agbanwe agbanwe bụ square nke ọkara nke voltaji kachasị elu ya ma enwere ike ịgbakọ ya site na iji usoro a:
\[ V_{\text{eff}} = \frac{V_{\text{max}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]
Ọ bụrụ na a maara Vmax dị ka 311 V, mgbe ahụ:
\[ V_{\text{eff}} = \frac{311 \ederede{V}}{\sqrt{2}} \]
\[ V_{\text{eff}} = \frac{311 \ederede{V}}{1,414} \]
\[ V_{\text{eff}} \ihe dị ka 220 \text{ V} \]
Ya mere, voltaji dị irè nke ugbu a na-agbanwe agbanwe bụ 220 V.
Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya nke 3: Ike Eletriki n'ime Sekit Na-eguzogide
Ajụjụ:
N'ime sekit na-eguzogide kpamkpam, ọkụ eletrik dị irè (Ieff) na-asọfe bụ 5 A na voltaji dị irè (Veff) bụ 220 V. Gbakọọ ike eletrik nke sekit ahụ na-amịkọrọ.
Azịza:
Enwere ike ịgbakọ ike eletriki (P) nke sekit na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-amịkọrọ site na iji usoro a:
\[ P = V_{\text{eff}} \times I_{\text{eff}} \]
Site na Veff nke 220 V na Ieff nke 5 A, mgbe ahụ:
\[ P = 220 \ederede{ V} \oge 5 \ederede{ A} \]
\[ P = 1100 \ederede{ W} \]
Ya mere, ike eletrik nke sekit ahụ na-amịkọrọ bụ 1100 watts.
Ihe atụ Nsogbu nke 4: Impedance na Sekit Usoro LR
Ajụjụ:
Sekit nwere resistor (R) nke 10 ohms na inductor (L) nwere induction nke 0,1 H ejikọtara na usoro. Ọ bụrụ na ọkụ eletrik na-agbanwe agbanwe nke nwere ugboro 50 Hz na-agafe na sekit ahụ, gbakọọ mkpokọta impedance nke sekit ahụ.
Azịza:
Enwere ike ịgbakọ mkpokọta impedance (Z) na sekit LR usoro site na iji usoro a:
\[ Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L)^2} \]
Ebe:
\[ X_L = \omega L \]
na \(\omega\) bụ ugboro nkuku nke:
\[ \omega = 2\pi f \]
Na f nke 50 Hz:
\[ \omega = 2\pi \ugboro 50 \]
\[ \omega = 100\pi \ederede{ radians/sekọnd} \]
Ntinye aka (L) nke 0,1 H:
\[ X_L = 100\pi \ugboro 0,1 \]
\[ X_L = 10\pi \ederede{ ohm} \]
Ya mere, mkpokọta impedance (Z) bụ:
\[ Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L)^2} \]
\[ Z = \sqrt{10^2 + (10\pi)^2} \]
\[ Z = \sqrt{100 + (100\pi^2)} \]
\[ Z = \sqrt{100 + 986.96} \]
\[ Z \ihe dịka \sqrt{1086.96} \]
\[ Z \ihe dị ka 32.97 \ederede{ ohm} \]
Ya mere, mkpokọta impedance nke sekit ahụ bụ ihe dịka 32,97 ohms.
Ihe atụ Nsogbu nke 5: Ike Factor na Usoro RLC Circuits
Ajụjụ:
E nyere usoro sekit RLC nwere ụkpụrụ nke R = 20 ohms, L = 50 mH, na C = 100 μF ejikọtara na isi iyi voltaji AC nwere ugboro 60 Hz. Gbakọọ ihe ike dị na sekit ahụ.
Azịza:
A na-ekpebi ihe ike dị na sekit RLC site na
\[ \cos(\phi) = \frac{R}{Z} \]
Nzọụkwụ mbụ bụ ịgbakọ mkpokọta impedance (Z) nke sekit ahụ:
\[ \omega = 2\pi f \]
Ebee
\[f = 60 \ederede{Hz} \]
\[ \omega = 2\pi \ugboro 60 \]
\[ \omega = 120\pi \ederede{ rad/s} \]
Mgbe ahụ gbakọọ mmeghachi omume inductive (XL) na capacitive (XC):
\[ X_L = \omega L \]
\[ X_L = 120\pi \ugboro 0,05 \]
\[ X_L = 6\pi \ederede{ ohm} \]
\[ X_C = \frac{1}{\omega C} \]
\[ X_C = \frac{1}{120\pi \ugboro 100 \ugboro 10^{-6}} \]
\[ X_C = \ frac{1}{0,012\pi} \]
\[ X_C \ihe dịka 26,525 \ederede{ ohm} \]
Ọdịiche dị n'etiti mmeghachi omume inductive na capacitive \(X_L - X_C\):
\[ X = X_L – X_C \]
\[ X = 6\pi – 26,525 \]
\[ X \ihe dịka -7,903 \ederede{ohm} \]
Mgbe ahụ gbakọọ mkpokọta impedance (Z):
\[ Z = \sqrt{R^2 + X^2} \]
\[ Z = \sqrt{20^2 + (-7,903)^2} \]
\[ Z = \sqrt{400 + 62,41} \]
\[ Z \ihe dịka \sqrt{462,41} \]
\[ Z \ihe dị ka 21,51 \ederede{ ohm} \]
Mgbe ahụ, ihe ike (cos(φ)):
\[ \cos(\phi) = \frac{R}{Z} \]
\[ \cos(\phi) = \frac{20}{21,51} \]
\[ \cos(\phi) \ihe dị ka 0,93 \]
Ya mere, ihe ike dị na sekit ahụ bụ ihe dịka 0,93.
Mmechi
Ọwa mgbanwe nwere njirimara pụrụ iche nke na-eme ka ọ dị iche na ọwa kpọmkwem, dịka ugboro ole, oge, na uru dị irè. Na nyocha sekit AC, anyị na-atụle ihe ndị na-eguzogide, inductive, na capacitive. Ọzọkwa, ịgbakọ impedance na ihe ike dị oke mkpa maka imepụta na inyocha arụmọrụ sekit. Site n'ịghọta ihe atụ ndị dị n'elu, anyị nwere ike ịghọta echiche ndị bụ isi nke ọwa mgbanwe na ngwa ya na injinia eletriki ngwa ngwa.
