Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya nke Capacitor

Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya nke Capacitor

Kapasitọ bụ ihe eletriki nke nwere ike ịchekwa ike n'ụdị ubi eletriki. Kapasitọ nwere ọtụtụ ojiji na sekit eletrọniki, dịka nzacha, nchekwa ike nwa oge, na ihe na-emepụta ihe mgbaàmà. Isiokwu a ga-atụle ọtụtụ ihe atụ nke nsogbu kapasitọ, yana azịza na nkọwa, iji nyere aka ịghọta echiche bụ isi nke kapasitọ na fiziki.

1. Ike Capacitor

Ajụjụ Ihe atụ nke 1:
Ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe dị larịị nwee mpaghara efere \(A = 2 \, m^2 \) na anya dị n'etiti efere \(d = 0.01 \, m\). Ọ bụrụ na ikuku na-agbanwe agbanwe nke dielectric \(\epsilon_0 = 8.85 \u003 10^{-12} \, F/m\), gbakọọ ikike nke ihe na-eme ka ihe dị na ya.

Ngwọta:
Enwere ike ịgbakọ ikike (C) nke capacitor efere dị larịị site na iji usoro a:
\[
C = \frac{\epsilon_0 A}{d}
\]

Dochie ụkpụrụ ndị enyere:
\[
C = \frac{(8.85 \ugboro 10^{-12} \, F/m) \ugboro 2 \, m^2}{0.01 \, m}
\]
\[
= \frac{17.7 \ugboro 10^{-12} \, F}{0.01}
\]
\[
= 1.77 \ugboro 10^{-9} \, F
\]
\[
= 1.77 \, nF
\]

Ya mere, ikike nke capacitor bụ 1.77 nanofarads (nF).

2. Ike echekwara n'ime Capacitor

Ajụjụ Ihe atụ nke 2:
A na-ejikọ capacitor nwere ikike nke \(C = 5 \, \mu F\) na isi iyi voltaji nke \(V = 12 \, V\). Gbakọọ ike echekwara na capacitor ahụ.

Ngwọta:
Enwere ike ịgbakọ ike (E) echekwara na kapasitọ site na iji usoro a:
\[
E = \frac{1}{2} CV^2
\]

Dochie ụkpụrụ ndị enyere:
\[
E = \frac{1}{2} \ugboro 5 \ugboro 10^{-6} \, F \ugboro (12 \, V)^2
\]
\[
= \frac{1}{2} \ugboro 5 \ugboro 10^{-6} \ugboro 144
\]
\[
= ugboro 2.5 10^{-6} \ugboro 144
\]
\[
= 360 \ugboro 10^{-6} \, J
\]
\[
= 0.36 \, mJ
\]

Ya mere, ike echekwara na capacitor bụ 0.36 millijoules (mJ).

3. Capacitors na Usoro na Parallel Circuits

Ajụjụ Ihe atụ nke 3:
A na-ejikọ capacitors atọ, nke ọ bụla nwere capacitances \(C_1 = 2 \, \mu F\), \(C_2 = 3 \, \mu F\), na \(C_3 = 6 \, \mu F\), na sekit:
a) Usoro
b) N'otu aka ahụ

Gbakọọ ikike nhata maka nhazi abụọ ahụ.

Ngwọta:

a) Usoro sekit:

Maka capacitors ejikọtara na usoro, enwere ike ịgbakọ capacitance nhata (\(C_{series}\)) site na iji usoro a:
\[
\frac{1}{C_{usoro}} = \frac{1}{C_1} + \frac{1}{C_2} + \frac{1}{C_3}
\]

Dochie ụkpụrụ ndị enyere:
\[
\frac{1}{C_{usoro}} = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{6}
\]
\[
\frac{1}{C_{usoro}} = \frac{3}{6} + \frac{2}{6} + \frac{1}{6}
\]
\[
\frac{1}{C_{usoro}} = 1
\]
\[
C_{usoro} = 1 \, \mu F
\]

Ya mere, ikike nhata maka nhazi usoro bụ 1 microfarad (\(\mu F\)).

b) Sekit Parallel:

Maka kapasitọm ejikọtara na parallel, enwere ike ịgbakọ capacitance nhata (\(C_{parallel}\)) site na iji usoro a:
\[
C_{parallel} = C_1 + C_2 + C_3
\]

Dochie ụkpụrụ ndị enyere:
\[
C_{parallel} = 2 + 3 + 6
\]
\[
C_{parallel} = 11 \, \mu F
\]

Ya mere, ikike nhata maka nhazi parallel bụ microfarads iri na otu (\(\mu F\)).

4. Capacitor nwere Dielectric

Ajụjụ Ihe atụ nke 4:
A na-ejupụta ihe na-eji ...

Ngwọta:
Enwere ike ịgbakọ ikike ọhụrụ (C) nke capacitor nwere dielectric site na iji usoro a:
\[
C = k \ugboro C_0
\]

Dochie ụkpụrụ ndị enyere:
\[
C = ugboro anọ 8, pF
\]
\[
= 32 \, pF
\]

Ya mere, ikike ọhụrụ nke capacitor bụ 32 picofarads (pF).

5. Ndị na-agba chaja na ndị na-agbapụta ihe

Ajụjụ Ihe atụ nke 5:
A na-ejikọ capacitor nwere ike nke \(C = 10 \, \mu F\) na resistor nke \(R = 2 \, k\Omega\) na sekit chaja. Gbakọọ oge achọrọ iji chajịa capacitor ahụ ruo 63% nke voltaji kachasị ya.

Ngwọta:
A na-akpọ oge achọrọ iji chajịa capacitor ruo 63% nke voltaji kachasị elu oge (τ), nke enwere ike ịgbakọ site na iji usoro a:
\[
\tau = R \ugboro C
\]

Dochie ụkpụrụ ndị enyere:
\[
\tau = ugboro abụọ 10^3 \, \Omega \ugboro iri 10 \ugboro 10^{-6} \, F
\]
\[
= ugboro abụọ 10^{-2} \, s
\]
\[
= 20 \, ms
\]

Ya mere, oge achọrọ iji chajịa capacitor ruo 63% nke voltaji kachasị bụ 20 milliseconds (ms).

6. Capacitors na sekit AC

Ajụjụ Ihe atụ nke 6:
A na-ejikọ capacitor nwere ikike nke \(C = 5 \, \mu F\) na isi iyi voltaji AC yana ugboro ole nke \(f = 50 \, Hz\). Gbakọọ mmeghachi omume capacitive nke capacitor ahụ.

Ngwọta:
Enwere ike ịgbakọ mmeghachi omume capacitive (X_C) site na iji usoro a:
\[
X_C = \frac{1}{2 \pi f C}
\]

Dochie ụkpụrụ ndị enyere:
\[
X_C = \frac{1}{2 \pi \ugboro 50 \ugboro 5 \ugboro 10^{-6}}
\]
\[
= \frac{1}{2 \pi \ugboro 250 \ugboro 10^{-6}}
\]
\[
= \frac{1}{1.57 \ugboro 250 \ugboro 10^{-6}}
\]
\[
= \frac{1}{392.5 \ugboro 10^{-6}}
\]
\[
= 2550 \, \Omega
\]

Ya mere, mmeghachi omume capacitive nke capacitor bụ 2550 ohms (\(\Omega\)).

Mmechi

N'isiokwu a, anyị atụleela ọtụtụ nsogbu ihe atụ metụtara capacitors n'ọtụtụ nhazi na ọnọdụ dị iche iche, site na ikike isi, nchekwa ike, nhazi usoro na parallel, mmetụta nke ihe dielectric, ruo na nzaghachi nke capacitors na sekit AC. Ịghọta echiche na mgbakọ na mwepụ metụtara capacitors dị oke mkpa na eletrọniki na fizik, ebe ha bụ ihe ndị bụ isi na ọtụtụ ngwa. Enwere m olileanya na nsogbu ihe atụ ndị a ga-enyere gị aka ịghọta echiche nke capacitors nke ọma.