Ihe atụ nke Iwu Kirchhoff Ajụjụ nke 1
Iwu Kirchhoff bụ otu n'ime echiche ndị bụ isi na nyocha sekit eletriki. E nwere iwu Kirchhoff abụọ: iwu Kirchhoff ugbu a (KCL) na iwu voltaji Kirchhoff (KVL). Isiokwu a ga-atụle iwu mbụ Kirchhoff, ma ọ bụ iwu Kirchhoff ugbu a (KCL), yana ọtụtụ ihe atụ nsogbu na ngwọta iji nyere ụmụ akwụkwọ klas nke 11 na 12 aka ịghọta.
Ịghọta Iwu Kirchhoff nke 1
Iwu Kirchhoff (KCL) nke ugbu a kwuru na ngụkọta nke ọkụ eletrik na-abanye na nọdụ n'ime sekit eletriki hà nhata ngụkọta nke ọkụ eletrik na-apụ na nọdụ ahụ. N'ụzọ mgbakọ na mwepụ, enwere ike ịkọwa iwu a dị ka:
\[ \mkpokọta I_{in} = \mkpokọta I_{out} \]
Nke a pụtara na ọ dịghị mkpokọta nke ọkụ eletrik na node ahụ; ọkụ eletrik niile na-abata ga-apụ.
Ụkpụrụ Ndị Dị Mkpa nke Iwu Kirchhoff 1
1. Node: Isi ihe dị na sekit ebe ihe abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa na-ezute.
2. Ọwara Na-abata na Ọwara Na-apụ: A na-ewere ọwara Na-asọga na ọwara na-abata (positive), ebe a na-ewere ọwara Na-asọga na ọwara na-apụ (negative).
Ihe atụ nke Iwu Kirchhoff Ajụjụ nke 1
Lee ụfọdụ ajụjụ atụ ndị na-egosi etu e si etinye Iwu nke Mbụ nke Kirchhoff n'ọrụ.
Ihe atụ Nsogbu nke 1: Nkịtị dị mfe
Nsogbu: N'ebe e nwere oghere dị na sekit, e nwere oghere atọ na-abata na otu ọkụ na-apụ apụ. Ọwara ndị na-abata bụ \(I_1 = 2 \, \text{A}\), \(I_2 = 3 \, \text{A}\), na \(I_3 = 1 \, \text{A}\). Gbakọọ ọkụ na-apụ na oghere (\(I_{out}\)).
Ngwọta:
Dịka Iwu Mbụ nke Kirchhoff si kwuo, ngụkọta nke ọkụ na-abata hà nhata na mkpokọta nke ọkụ na-apụ apụ. Ya mere, anyị nwere:
\[ I_1 + I_2 + I_3 = I_{ọpụ} \]
Tinye ụkpụrụ dị ugbu a:
\[ 2 + 3 + 1 = I_{apụ} \]
\[ 6 \, \ederede{A} = I_{ọpụ} \]
Ya mere, ugbu a na-esi na nood ahụ apụta bụ \(6 \, \text{A}\).
Ihe atụ nke abụọ: Node nwere Ọwara Na-abata na Ọwara Na-apụ apụ
Nsogbu: N'ebe e nwere oghere dị na sekit, e nwere oghere abụọ na-abata, \(I_1 = 5 \, \text{A}\) na \(I_2 = 4 \, \text{A}\), na oghere abụọ na-apụ apụ, \(I_3\) na \(I_4 = 6 \, \text{A}\). Gbakọọ ugbu a \(I_3\).
Ngwọta:
Dịka Iwu Mbụ nke Kirchhoff si kwuo, ngụkọta nke ọkụ na-abata hà nhata na mkpokọta nke ọkụ na-apụ apụ. Ya mere, anyị nwere:
\[ I_1 + I_2 = I_3 + I_4 \]
Tinye ụkpụrụ ugbu a amaara:
\[ 5 + 4 = I_3 + 6 \]
\[ 9 = I_3 + 6 \]
Iji chọta \(I_3\):
\[ I_3 = 9 – 6 \]
\[ I_3 = 3 \, \ederede{A} \]
Ya mere, \(I_3\) dị ugbu a bụ \(3 \, \text{A}\).
Ihe atụ Nsogbu nke 3: Sekit nwere ọtụtụ Nodes
Ajụjụ: N'ime sekit eletriki, e nwere nodu atọ A, B, na C. Ugbu \(I_1 = 2 \, \text{A}\) na-asọ site na A ruo B, ugbu \(I_2 = 3 \, \text{A}\) na-asọ site na B ruo C, na ugbu \(I_3 = 1 \, \text{A}\) na-asọ site na C ruo A. Gbakọọ mkpokọta ugbu a na-abanye na nke na-apụ na nodu B.
Ngwọta:
Maka node B, anyị kwesịrị ịgbakọ ọnụọgụ nke mmiri ozuzo na-abanye na nke na-apụ. Site na nsogbu ahụ, a maara na mmiri ozuzo na-abanye na node B, mmiri ozuzo na-apụkwa na node B.
Ọnụọgụ nke nodu B na-abanye ugbu a:
\[ I_{in} = I_1 \]
\[ I_{in} = 2 \, \text{A} \]
Ngụkọta nke mmiri ozuzo na-apụ na nọdụ B:
\[ M_{ọpụ} = I_2 \]
\[ I_{out} = 3 \, \text{A} \]
Dịka Iwu Mbụ nke Kirchhoff si kwuo, ngụkọta nke ọkụ ndị na-abata ga-aha nhata ngụkọta nke ọkụ ndị na-apụ apụ. Agbanyeghị, n'okwu a, anyị ga-atụlekwa ọkụ ndị na-esi na node C ruo node B, nke a na-enyebeghị na nsogbu ahụ.
Ọ bụrụ na anyị atụlee otú ọkụ si agba site na C ruo B dị ka \(I_4\), mgbe ahụ anyị nwere ike ide nha nhata ahụ:
\[ I_1 + I_4 = I_2 \]
Maka na \(I_1 = 2 \, \text{A}\) na \(I_2 = 3 \, \text{A}\):
\[ 2 + I_4 = 3 \]
\[ I_4 = 1 \, \ederede{A} \]
Ya mere, ntinye ugbu a nke node B site na node C bụ \(1 \, \text{A}\), nke mere na mkpokọta ugbu a nke na-abanye na nke na-apụ na node B nọgidere dịka Iwu Kirchhoff nke 1 si dị.
Itinye Iwu nke Mbụ nke Kirchhoff n'ọrụ n'ime Mpaghara Ndị Dị Mgbagwoju Anya
N'ime sekit ndị dị mgbagwoju anya karị, anyị na-ezute ọtụtụ nodes na ọtụtụ alaka ọkụ eletrik. Ka anyị leba anya n'ihe atụ dị mgbagwoju anya karị iji ghọta ojiji nke Iwu Mbụ nke Kirchhoff n'ụzọ miri emi.
Ihe atụ Nsogbu nke 4: Sekit dị mgbagwoju anya nwere ọtụtụ vertices
Nsogbu: Na sekit na-esote, e nwere nodu anọ (A, B, C, D) nwere ọkụ eletrik \(I_1 = 4 \, \text{A}\) site na A ruo B, \(I_2 = 5 \, \text{A}\) site na B ruo C, \(I_3 = 3 \, \text{A}\) site na C ruo D, na \(I_4 = 2 \, \text{A}\) site na D ruo A. Gbakọọ ugbu a na-esi na nodu A apụta.
Ngwọta:
Anyị kwesịrị ịgbakọ ọnụọgụ nke mmiri ozuzo na-abanye na nke na-apụ na node ọ bụla. Nke mbụ, ka anyị leba anya na node A.
Na node A, \(I_4\) nke dị ugbu a na-abanye, \(I_1\) nke dị ugbu a na-apụkwa.
\[ \mkpokọta I_{in} = I_4 \]
\[ \mkpokọta I_{ọpụ} = I_1 \]
Tinye uru ugbu a amaara:
\[ I_4 = 2 \, \ederede{A} \]
\[ I_1 = 4 \, \ederede{A} \]
Ebe ọ bụ na \(I_1\) karịrị \(I_4\), nke a pụtara na enwere oghere ọzọ na-ahapụ ugbu a A nke ga-esi na ugbu a ọzọ a na-akpọghị aha. Ka anyị leba anya na ugbu a nke ọzọ na node A:
Ọkụ ọzọ bụ \(I_5\):
\[ I_5 = I_1 – I_4 \]
\[ I_5 = 4 – 2 \]
\[ I_5 = 2 \, \ederede{A} \]
Ya mere, enwere ọkụ ọzọ nke \(2 \, \text{A}\) na-apụta na node A.
Mmechi
Iwu Mbụ nke Kirchhoff bụ ngwa dị mkpa na nyocha sekit eletriki. Site n'ịghọta ma tinye iwu a n'ọrụ, anyị nwere ike ikpebi ọkụ na-agafe n'ọtụtụ nodes na sekit dị mgbagwoju anya. Site na ọtụtụ nsogbu atụ ewepụtara, anyị nwere ike ịhụ otu Iwu Mbụ nke Kirchhoff si enyere anyị aka ịghọta ma dozie nsogbu na sekit eletriki. Ịga n'ihu na-eme ihe gbasara nsogbu ndị dị ka ndị a ga-enyere ụmụ akwụkwọ aka ime ka nghọta ha banyere echiche a sikwuo ike ma tinye ya n'ọrụ nke ọma na ọmụmụ ihe gbasara physics ha.
