Ọrụ na Ụkpụrụ Ọrụ nke Turbochargers
N'oge a nke ọchịchọ na arụmọrụ na-adịgide adịgide na-akpali, turbochargers na-anọ n'ihu na teknụzụ ụgbọ ala na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ngwaọrụ igwe ndị a, nke e webatara na mmalite narị afọ nke 20, agbanweela ụzọ injin ọkụ dị n'ime si arụ ọrụ, na-enweta ike karịa site na obere mgbanwe injin, ebe ha na-edozikwa nsogbu dịka arụmọrụ mmanụ na mwepụta. Iji ghọta mmetụta turbocharger nke ọma, ọ dị mkpa inyocha ọrụ ya na ụkpụrụ ọrụ ya.
Ọrụ nke Turbochargers
1. Mmelite Ike:
E ji usoro nhazi nke Turbochargers mee ka ike injin dịkwuo elu. Site n'ịmanye ikuku ka ukwuu n'ime ụlọ ọkụ, turbocharger na-eme ka oxygen dịkwuo maka ọkụ, nke na-enye ohere ka ọkụ karịa. Nke a na-eme ka chajị sie ike karị, na-emepụta ike na ike karịa na-enweghị mkpa ịbawanye nha anụ ahụ nke injin ahụ.
2. Mmanya mmanụ emelitere:
Mmadụ nwere ike iche na ike ka ukwuu na-eduga n'ịbawanye oriri mmanụ. Agbanyeghị, turbochargers nwekwara ike ime ka injin dịkwuo mma maka mmanụ ọkụ. Ebe ọ bụ na injin turbocharged nwere ike imepụta otu ike ahụ dị ka injin buru ibu nke na-achọ mmụọ, ọ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma. Mgbe ejiri ya nke ọma, turbocharger na-enye obere injin ohere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka nke buru ibu, si otú a na-eri obere mmanụ ọkụ n'ozuzu ya.
3. Mbelata mmepụta ihe:
Igwe ọkụ turbochargers nwekwara ike inye aka belata ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ. Injin nke nwere ike ịgba mmanụ ọkụ nke ọma ga-ewepụta obere ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ. Teknụzụ turbocharging nke oge a dịka ikuku gas recirculation (EGR) na sistemụ selective catalytic reduction (SCR) na-arụkọ ọrụ nke ọma na turbochargers iji belata ikuku nitrogen oxides (NOx) na ihe ndị na-emebi ihe.
4. Ụgwọ Elu:
N'ebe dị elu karịa, nrụgide ikuku na njupụta na-ebelata, nke nwere ike ibelata ike injin. Turbochargers na-enyere aka belata nsogbu a site n'ịkpanye ikuku dị gịrịgịrị ka ọ dị njupụta yiri nke dị n'ọkwa oké osimiri, na-eme ka arụmọrụ ya na-aga n'ihu n'agbanyeghị oke elu.
Ụkpụrụ Ọrụ nke Turbochargers
Turbocharger bụ ọkpọkọ ikuku e ji usoro nhazi nke ọma mepụta, nke nwere ihe abụọ bụ isi: turbine na compressor. Lee otu ihe ndị a si arụ ọrụ ma na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ:
1. Turbine ahụ:
Njem ahụ na-amalite n'ime ihe ndọpụta ikuku. Ka injin ahụ na-agba ọsọ, ọ na-emepụta gas ikuku nke a na-esi na ọkpọkọ ọdụ ya apụta. Agbanyeghị, n'ime sistemụ turbocharged, a na-ebugharị gas ikuku ike dị elu ndị a gaa na ebe turbine. N'ime ebe ahụ, gas ndị na-agagharị ngwa ngwa na-agbagharị wiil turbine. A na-ejikọ wiil turbine site na ogwe gaa na wiil compressor dị na ebe compressor dị n'akụkụ nke ọzọ.
2. Kọmpụta:
Ka wiil turbine na-atụgharị, ọ na-anya wiil compressor. Wiil compressor, nke na-agbagharị na puku kwuru puku mgbanwe kwa nkeji (RPM), na-adọta ikuku gburugburu ma na-apịachi ya. A na-amanye ikuku a, nke dị ugbu a njupụta dị elu, n'ime ihe ndọba nke injin ahụ wee banye n'ime ụlọ ọkụ. N'ihi njupụta ikuku dị elu, enwere ọtụtụ molekul oxygen maka ọkụ, na-ebute mmụba dị ukwuu na ike.
3. Njikwa Mgbakwunye:
Oke mmụba (nrụgide ikuku a gbagọrọ agbagọ) nke turbocharger na-enye chọrọ nlezianya iji gbochie mmebi injin. Ihe a na-achịkwa bụ akụkụ a maara dị ka wastegate. Wastegate nwere ike ịbụ mpụga ma ọ bụ n'ime ma rụọ ọrụ site n'ịtụgharị gas exhaust gabiga ókè na wiil turbine ozugbo enwetachara nrụgide nkwalite achọrọ. Site n'ịgbaso ụfọdụ gas exhaust, wastegate na-egbochi turbocharger ịbawanye ibu ma hụ na injin ahụ na-agba ọsọ n'ime paramita nchekwa.
4. Sistemu jụrụ oyi:
Ebe ọ bụ na turbochargers na-arụ ọrụ na okpomọkụ na nrụgide, ọ dị mkpa ka a na-eme ka oyi dị mma. A na-eji ụdị oyi abụọ bụ isi: mmanụ oyi na mmiri oyi. Mmanụ oyi gụnyere ịgbasa mmanụ injin site na turbocharger iji napụ ma wepụ okpomọkụ, ebe mmiri oyi gụnyere iji ihe na-eme ka injin dị jụụ iji mezuo otu ebumnuche ahụ. Ọtụtụ turbochargers nke oge a na-eji njikọta nke abụọ iji hụ na arụmọrụ kacha mma na ogologo ndụ.
Teknụzụ Turbocharging Dị Elu
Ka teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu, turbochargers aghọọla ihe dị elu karị, na-etinye atụmatụ dị elu iji melite arụmọrụ na ntụkwasị obi:
1. Ngwa Turbochaji Geometry dị iche iche (VGT):
VGTs nwere van ndị a na-agbanwe agbanwe n'ime ụlọ turbine nke nwere ike ịgbanwe mmiri gas na-asọba na wiil turbine. Nhazi a na-enye ohere maka njikwa nrụgide mmụba ka mma n'ọtụtụ ọsọ injin, na-ebelata oge turbo ma na-eme ka arụmọrụ ka mma.
2. Igwe eji agbagharị agbagharị abụọ:
N'adịghị ka turbos nkịtị nke otu mpịakọta, turbochargers abụọ nwere oghere gas ikuku abụọ nke na-ekewapụ mkpali ikuku site na silinda dị iche iche. Nhazi a na-eme ka mkpofu ikuku dịkwuo mma, na-ebelata oge turbo, ma na-eme ka arụmọrụ zuru oke dịkwuo mma.
3. Igwe ọkụ eletriki:
Igwe ọkụ eletrik na-eji moto eletrik enyere wiil turbine aka, na-ebelata oge nkwụsị ma na-enye nzaghachi ozugbo. Sistemụ ndị a nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ngwaọrụ mgbake ike, na-ejide ike furu efu n'oge mbelata iji chajịa batrị n'ime ụgbọala ngwakọ.
Mmetụta Bara Uru na Usoro Ọdịnihu
Mmetụta bara uru nke turbocharging karịrị naanị ụgbọala arụmọrụ. Taa, a na-ahụkarị turbochargers n'ụgbọala kwa ụbọchị, gwongworo azụmahịa, na ọbụna ngwa ụgbọ mmiri na ụgbọelu. Ike ha nwere inye nguzozi nke ike, arụmọrụ, na obere ikuku na-eme ka ha bụrụ akụkụ dị mkpa na imewe injin nke oge a.
N'ileba anya n'ọdịnihu, ọrụ nke turbochargers ga-agbasawanye nke ọma site na ijikọta sistemụ propulsion hybrid na eletriki. Mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ dịka turbochargers nke ejiri ọkụ eletrik na sistemụ turbo-compound mee, nke na-eji ike ikuku eme ihe iji mepụta ọkụ eletrik, na-anọchite anya ụzọ teknụzụ a ga-esi aga n'ihu.
Turbochargers abụrụla ihe dị mkpa kemgbe e guzobere ha, ha na-egosi na ha dị oke mkpa n'ihe gbasara injinịa ụgbọala na igwe. Site n'ịghọta ọrụ ha na ụkpụrụ ọrụ ha, mmadụ nwere ike ịghọta ngwakọta nke nka na sayensị nke na-abanye n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla nke wiil turbocharger, na-eme ka anyị banye n'ọdịnihu dị irè ma dị ike karị.
