Yuav Ua Li Cas Thiaj Ua Tau Cov Tshuaj Ntxuav Uas Muaj Enzyme
Nyob rau lub caij niaj hnub no, qhov kev thov rau kev saib xyuas thiab cov khoom siv tu cev nce ntxiv. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov tshuaj ntxuav khaub ncaws. Cov tshuaj ntxuav khaub ncaws zoo yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov xim tsis zoo yam tsis ua rau cov khaub ncaws puas tsuaj. Ib qho ntawm cov kev hloov tshiab tshiab hauv kev lag luam tshuaj ntxuav khaub ncaws yog kev siv cov enzymes. Enzymes yog cov tshuaj lom neeg uas tuaj yeem ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj sai dua, suav nrog kev rhuav tshem cov xim tsis zoo ntawm cov khaub ncaws. Hauv qab no, peb yuav tham txog yuav ua li cas los ua cov tshuaj ntxuav khaub ncaws uas muaj enzyme.
Keeb Kwm Luv Luv ntawm Kev Siv Enzyme hauv Cov Tshuaj Ntxuav Khaub Ncaws
Kev siv cov enzymes hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav khaub ncaws tau pib siv thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1960. Cov enzymes uas siv thawj zaug yog proteases, uas muaj peev xwm rhuav cov protein. Txij thaum ntawd los, kev siv cov enzymes hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav khaub ncaws tau nthuav dav nrog kev ntxiv ntau hom enzymes xws li lipase (kom tshem tawm cov rog), amylase (kom rhuav cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab), thiab cellulase (uas pab tswj cov xim thiab cov ntaub mos).
Hom Enzymes Siv Hauv Cov Tshuaj Ntxuav Khaub Ncaws
1. Protease: Cov enzyme no rhuav cov protein uas feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj xws li qe, ntshav, thiab cov khoom noj mis nyuj.
2. Lipase: Cov enzyme no ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv kev rhuav tshem cov rog thiab cov roj uas feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj uas muaj roj ntau xws li cov kua ntses thiab butter.
3. Amylase: Cov enzyme no yog siv los rhuav cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab uas feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj xws li mov thiab pasta.
4. Cellulase: Cov enzyme no pab tswj kom cov ntaub mos thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov fiber thiab txo qhov pom ntawm cov fiber me me ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub, hu ua pilling.
Cov Khoom Xyaw Xav Tau
Yuav ua kom cov tshuaj ntxuav enzyme-based, ntawm no yog cov khoom xyaw koj yuav tsum tau:
1. Cov Tshuaj Surfactants Anionic thiab Nonionic: Cov tshuaj Surfactants yog cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav uas pab txo qhov nro ntawm cov dej thiab cia dej yaj cov av thiab cov xim av. Piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj anionic surfactants yog sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) thiab sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), thaum cov tshuaj surfactants nonionic suav nrog ethoxylated cawv.
2. Cov Enzymes: Xaiv ib qho enzyme raws li cov xim uas koj xav kho. Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov protease, lipase, amylase, thiab cellulase enzymes hauv khw.
3. Cov Tshuaj Ua Kom Zoo: Cov tshuaj ua kom zoo pab ua kom cov surfactants ua haujlwm tau zoo dua. Piv txwv li cov tshuaj ua kom zoo yog sodium tripolyphosphate, zeolite, lossis citrate.
4. Cov Khoom Siv Ua Kom Tiav: Xws li sodium sulfate uas ua haujlwm ua tus neeg sawv cev ruaj khov thiab tsim cov tshuaj ntxuav.
5. Lwm cov tshuaj ntxiv: Xws li polycarboxylates los tiv thaiv kev rov nqus cov av ntawm daim ntaub, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev rov ua dua tshiab, thiab cov tshuaj ua kom pom kev ci ntsa iab kom ua rau xim ntawm daim ntaub ci ntsa iab dua.
6. Dej: Ua ib yam khoom xyaw tseem ceeb los yaj tag nrho cov khoom xyaw.
Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom
Cov kauj ruam hauv qab no yog rau kev ua cov tshuaj ntxuav enzyme:
1. Ua cov tshuaj ntxuav tes
Kauj ruam thawj zaug yog sib tov cov anionic thiab nonionic surfactants. Ntawm qhov ntsuas kev lag luam, cov txheej txheem no feem ntau yog ua tiav hauv cov reactors sib tov loj.
1. Kev Ntsuas thiab Sib Tov Cov Surfactants:
– Ntsuas qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj anionic surfactant xws li SLS lossis SLES uas xav tau.
- Sib tov anionic surfactant nrog nonionic surfactant hauv qhov sib piv tsim nyog.
- Siv lub tshuab sib tov khoom siv hauv kev lag luam lossis lub tshuab sib tov ceev ceev los sib tov kom txog thaum sib xyaw zoo.
2. Ntxiv Tus Tsim Khoom:
– Ntxiv cov tshuaj ua kom ruaj khov (piv txwv li, sodium tripolyphosphate) rau hauv cov tshuaj surfactant sib xyaw.
- Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov tshuaj ua kom yaj tag hauv cov sib tov.
3. Ntxiv Dej:
Ntxiv dej kom txaus kom txog thaum nws sib xyaw zoo li koj xav tau.
- Do tas li kom paub tseeb tias txhua yam khoom sib xyaw zoo thiab tsis muaj pob.
2. Ntxiv cov Enzymes
Thaum cov tshuaj ntxuav tais diav npaj txhij lawm, kauj ruam tom ntej yog ntxiv cov enzymes. Kev ntxiv cov enzymes yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv qab kev tswj hwm kom ntseeg tau tias lawv tsis denature.
1. Kev Npaj Enzyme:
– Hnyav cov enzyme raws li qhov concentration uas xav tau. Feem ntau, cov enzymes raug ntxiv rau ntawm qhov concentration qis (1-2% ntawm tag nrho cov ntim).
- Cov enzymes yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas thiab feem ntau yuav tsum yaj rau hauv dej ua ntej kom yooj yim sib tov.
2. Kev koom ua ke ntawm cov Enzymes rau hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes:
– Maj mam ntxiv cov tshuaj enzyme rau hauv lub hauv paus ntxuav thaum do tas li. Qhov kub ntawm kev sib tov yuav tsum tau tswj kom nyob hauv qhov ntau uas tsis ua rau cov enzyme puas tsuaj (feem ntau qis dua 40°C).
- Do kom txog thaum cov enzymes sib npaug zos hauv cov khoom sib tov.
3. Ntxiv Lwm Cov Khoom Ntxiv
Lwm cov khoom ntxiv tuaj yeem ntxiv tom qab kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov enzyme tiav lawm.
1. Cov Tshuaj Ci Ntxoov Ntxoo thiab Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kev Rov Qab Los:
- Ntxiv cov khoom ntxiv xws li cov tshuaj ua kom pom kev ci ntsa iab kom ua rau cov xim thiab qhov ci ntawm cov ntaub zoo dua.
- Ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev rov ua dua tshiab kom tiv thaiv cov av tsis txhob lo rau ntawm daim ntaub.
2. Khoom Siv Ruaj Kho:
- Ntxiv cov tshuaj stabilizer xws li sodium sulfate thiab polycarboxylate kom ntseeg tau tias cov mis tshuaj ntxuav kom ruaj khov.
- Do kom txog thaum sib xyaw ua ke.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo thiab Kev Ntim Khoom
Tom qab ua tiav cov tshuaj ntxuav uas muaj enzyme lawm, kauj ruam kawg yog ua kom zoo thiab ntim khoom.
1. Kev Ntsuas Zoo:
- Ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas zoo uas suav nrog kev ntsuam xyuas lub peev xwm ntxuav, kev ruaj khov ntawm enzyme, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav tes nrog ntau hom ntaub.
– Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov tshuaj ntxuav kom huv si ua tau raws li cov qauv zoo uas tau teeb tsa ua ntej muag.
2. Ntim:
- Cov tshuaj ntxuav tais diav yuav tsum tau ntim rau hauv qhov chaw huv si kom tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj.
- Siv cov ntim khoom uas tsis muaj cua thiab noo noo kom ntseeg tau tias cov enzyme no nyob tau ntev.
Xaus
Cov tshuaj ntxuav uas muaj enzyme muab qhov zoo ntawm kev tshem tawm cov organic stains yam tsis ua rau cov ntaub puas tsuaj. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom suav nrog kev paub txog cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab biochemical formulation ntawm enzymes. Los ntawm kev ua raws li cov kauj ruam tau teev tseg, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj ntxuav uas muaj enzyme zoo thiab zoo rau ib puag ncig. Qhov kev tsim kho tshiab no tsis yog tsuas yog ua tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau cov khoom ntxuav zoo xwb tab sis kuj pab txhawb rau kev ruaj khov ntawm ib puag ncig.
