Hom Turbines thiab Lawv Cov Ntawv Thov hauv Hydroelectric Power Systems
Cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydroelectric (PLTA) yog lub zog tseem ceeb uas rov ua dua tshiab tau rau kev ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydroelectric yog lub turbine, uas hloov lub zog kinetic ntawm dej mus rau hauv lub zog mechanical los tsav lub generator. Muaj ntau hom turbines, txhua tus muaj cov yam ntxwv thiab kev siv tshwj xeeb. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tham txog cov hom turbines siv hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydroelectric thiab yuav siv txhua hom li cas hauv lub zog hydroelectric.
1. Pelton Turbine
Lub tshuab cua Pelton yog ib hom tshuab cua turbine uas tsim los rau cov chaw uas muaj dej ntau thiab ntws tsawg. Lub tshuab cua no ua haujlwm raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas dej tawm ntawm lub nozzle ntaus rau hauv lub hnab ntawm lub log turbine. Cov dej ntws uas muaj zog heev no ua rau lub log turbine tig nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Cov ntawv thov:
Cov turbines Pelton yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob nyob hauv thaj chaw roob lossis thaj chaw uas muaj cov kav dej siab uas muaj kev poob qis ntau. Piv txwv li, ntau lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydroelectric hauv Norway siv cov turbines Pelton vim tias thaj chaw roob nyiam hom turbine no.
2. Francis turbine
Lub turbine turbine feem ntau siv rau hauv cov tshuab hydropower yog Francis turbine. Hom turbine reaction no ua haujlwm los ntawm kev yuam cov dej siab los ntawm cov hniav stator mus rau hauv lub rotor tig. Francis turbines tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo hauv ntau yam dej poob thiab dej ntws, ua rau lawv muaj ntau yam siv tau.
Cov ntawv thov:
Cov turbines Francis feem ntau siv rau hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydroelectric uas muaj qhov siab nruab nrab mus rau siab thiab qhov ntim dej nruab nrab mus rau loj. Cov haujlwm hydroelectric loj xws li Three Gorges Hydroelectric Power Plant hauv Suav teb siv Francis turbines.
3. Kaplan Turbine
Lwm hom turbine uas feem ntau siv rau hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydroelectric yog Kaplan turbine. Qhov no yog lub turbine reaction uas tsav los ntawm propeller nrog cov hniav hloov kho tau. Lub Kaplan turbine yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau qhov siab qis thiab dej ntws siab.
Cov ntawv thov:
Cov turbines Kaplan feem ntau siv rau ntawm cov dej loj uas muaj dej ntau tab sis qhov sib txawv me me, xws li cov uas pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob ntawm cov dej loj hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab North America, xws li Danube thiab Mississippi Rivers.
4. Turgo Turbine
Lub Turgo turbine yog ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm lub turbine impulse, zoo ib yam li Pelton turbine, tab sis haum rau cov dej ntws siab dua thiab cov dej ntws nruab nrab. Lub turbine no siv lub tshuab dej ntaus cov hniav turbine ntawm lub kaum sab xis tshwj xeeb los tsav lub rotor.
Cov ntawv thov:
Vim tias Turgo Turbines ua haujlwm tau zoo dua ntawm cov dej ntws siab dua piv rau Pelton Turbines, lawv feem ntau siv rau hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob me me mus rau nruab nrab hauv thaj chaw uas muaj dej ntws nruab nrab thiab cov dej ntws nce ntxiv, pom muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov project micro-hydro thoob ntiaj teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv Greenland thiab qee qhov ntawm South America.
5. Lub Turbine Hla (Banki-Michell)
Cov turbine turbine hla dej los yog qee zaum hu ua Banki-Michell turbine yog cov turbine impulse uas tsim los siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov uas muaj dej ntws qis mus rau nruab nrab thiab dej ntws sib txawv. Dej ntws los ntawm lub turbine hauv ib qho kev taw qhia transverse, muab lub zog kho tshuab loj heev.
Cov ntawv thov:
Cov turbine crossflow siv rau hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob me me thiab me me, tsim nyog rau cov zos nyob deb nroog lossis thaj chaw nyob deb nroog uas xav tau kev daws teeb meem hluav taws xob yooj yim tsim thiab pheej yig. Cov haujlwm hauv Nepal thiab Indonesia yog cov piv txwv ntawm kev siv dav dav ntawm hom turbine no.
6. Lub Teeb Turbine
Lub turbine muaj lub qhov (bulb turbine), tseem hu ua lub tubular turbine, yog ib hom Kaplan turbine uas tsim tshwj xeeb los ua haujlwm hauv qab dej ntawm cov pas dej lossis cov qhov rooj dej ntws. Cov turbine no muaj lawv cov khoom siv generator kaw rau hauv cov qauv tsis muaj dej (lub qhov), uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob zoo.
Cov ntawv thov:
Cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob siv lub raj xa dej uas muaj lub qhov (bulb turbine hydroelectric powerplants) feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas dej ntws tsawg, xws li cov dej ntws hauv av lossis cov cheeb tsam uas dej nce siab. Cov piv txwv ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no tuaj yeem pom ntawm ntau lub pas dej loj hauv Kaus Lim Qab Teb.
Kev Xaiv Turbine Raws Li Cov Xwm Txheej Hydrological
Qhov kev xaiv hom turbine nyob ntawm seb cov xwm txheej dej ntawm qhov chaw tsim hluav taws xob zoo li cas. Muaj ntau yam uas cuam tshuam rau qhov kev xaiv no, suav nrog:
1. Taub Hau (Ncaug): Qhov siab ntawm qhov dej poob yuav txwv hom turbine uas siv tau. Pelton turbines yog tsim rau cov taub hau siab, thaum Kaplan turbines zoo dua rau cov taub hau qis.
2. Tus Nqi Nqus: Qhov ntim dej ntws uas muaj tau txiav txim siab qhov ua haujlwm ntawm lub turbine. Qhov ntws tsawg yog qhov tsim nyog rau Pelton turbines, thaum qhov ntws ntau yog qhov tsim nyog rau Kaplan lossis lub raj xa dej.
3. Kev Hloov Pauv ntawm Cov Dej: Qhov muaj peev xwm hloov pauv ntawm cov dej ntws thoob plaws hauv ib xyoos kuj cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv cov turbine. Cov turbines nrog cov hniav hloov kho tau, xws li Kaplan, muaj kev ywj pheej ntau dua hauv kev tswj cov dej ntws sib txawv dua li cov turbine static.
Kev Siv Tshuab Niaj Hnub thiab Yav Tom Ntej
Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis, cov turbines hydroelectric txuas ntxiv mus. Cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub xws li kev tswj hwm digital thiab IoT (Internet of Things)-raws li kev saib xyuas tau pib siv los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov turbine hydro. Kev tshawb fawb txog cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov qauv tsim aerodynamic tshiab kuj tseem tab tom ua kom zoo dua qub thiab txo cov nqi kho.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov turbine tshiab xws li cov turbine uas zoo rau ntses uas tsim los txo qhov cuam tshuam rau ecological rau cov tsiaj hauv dej tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim turbine niaj hnub no.
Xaus
Cov turbine yog lub plawv ntawm lub tshuab hydropower, thiab kev xaiv hom turbine cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob. Nrog ntau hom turbine muaj, suav nrog Pelton, Francis, Kaplan, Turgo, Crossflow, thiab Bulb, txhua qhov chaw tuaj yeem xaiv lub turbine zoo tshaj plaws rau nws cov xwm txheej hydrological. Kev siv tshuab txuas ntxiv mus, muab cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo dua rau kev tsim hluav taws xob hydropower, ua rau nws yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tshawb nrhiav thoob ntiaj teb rau lub zog huv thiab ruaj khov.
