Txoj kev xav tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo - teeb meem thiab kev daws teeb meem
1. Ib yam khoom uas ntev li 60 m txav mus rau ntawm ib qho ceev ntawm 0.6 c (c = qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb). Raws li tus neeg soj ntsuam nyob ruaj khov, qhov ntev ntawm yam khoom yog dab tsi?
Paub:
Qhov ntev tsim nyog (Lo) = 60 meters
Qhov ceev ntawm yam khoom (v) = 0.6 c
Xav tau: Qhov ntev luv (L)
c = qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb
Lo = qhov ntev kom raug
L = tau qhov ntev ntawm kev sib cog lus
Qhov ntev luv (L):
2. Muaj ib qho xwm txheej uas tau pom by ib tug neeg soj ntsuam uas nyob ruaj khov rau 12 vib nas this. Lub sijhawm sib nrug yog dab tsi? ntawm qhov xwm txheej, raws li tus neeg saib xyuas uas txav mus rau qhov ceev ntawm 0.8 c (c = qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb).
Paub:
Lub sijhawm ntawm qhov xwm txheej raws li tus neeg soj ntsuam nyob ruaj khov (ts) = 12 vib nas this
Qhov ceev ntawm tus neeg soj ntsuam (v) = 0.8 c
SE pob: Lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm qhov xwm txheej raws li otus neeg pabcuam uas txav mus rau qhov ceev ntawm 0.8 c (tm)
Tshuaj:
Qhov sib npaug ntawm lub sijhawm dilation:
ts = lub sijhawm sib nrug raws li tus neeg soj ntsuam nyob ruaj khov
tm = lub sijhawm sib nrug raws li tus neeg soj ntsuam uas txav mus los
Lub sijhawm sib nrug raws li tus neeg soj ntsuam uas txav mus los (t)m):
20 cov lus nug thiab lus teb ntsig txog txoj kev xav tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib piv:
1. Nqe lus nug: Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb twg yog lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev xav tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo?
teb: Ob lub tswv yim yog: (1) Cov kev cai lij choj ntawm physics yog tib yam hauv txhua qhov inertial thav duab ntawm kev siv, thiab (2) Qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev yog qhov tsis hloov pauv thiab ywj pheej ntawm kev txav mus los ntawm qhov chaw lossis tus neeg saib.
2. Nqe lus nug: Lub sijhawm ntev li cas tshwm sim raws li txoj kev xav tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib piv?
teb: Lub sijhawm nthuav dav yog hais txog qhov xwm txheej uas lub sijhawm zoo li txav qeeb dua rau tus neeg saib xyuas hauv kev txav mus los piv rau ib tus neeg so, muab los ntawm kev sib raug zoo Δt' = Δt/√(1 – v²/c²), qhov twg v yog qhov ceev sib piv thiab c yog qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb.
3. Nqe lus nug: Kev sib txuas ntev yog dab tsi?
teb: Qhov kev luv luv ntawm qhov ntev qhia tias ib yam khoom zoo li luv dua hauv nws qhov kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav mus los ntawm qhov pom ntawm tus neeg saib uas nyob ruaj khov, piv rau nws qhov ntev tsim nyog thaum so.
4. Nqe lus nug: Lub tswv yim tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib piv cuam tshuam li cas rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke?
teb: Tej xwm txheej uas zoo li ua ke rau ib tus neeg saib yuav tsis ua ke rau lwm tus neeg saib uas txav mus rau qhov ceev sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, kev ua ke yog qhov sib piv.
5. Nqe lus nug: Lo lus "relativistic mass" txhais li cas?
teb: Qhov hnyav sib piv yog hais txog qhov nce ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm ib yam khoom thaum nws qhov ceev mus txog qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb. Nws yog muab los ntawm m = m₀/√(1 – v²/c²), qhov twg m₀ yog qhov hnyav seem.
6. Nqe lus nug: Txoj kev xav tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib piv cuam tshuam lub zog thiab pawg li cas?
teb: Qhov kev sib raug zoo yog muab los ntawm E = mc², qhia tias lub zog (E) thiab pawg (m) yog sib npaug thiab tuaj yeem hloov ua ib leeg.
7. Nqe lus nug: Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb (c) hauv txoj kev xav yog dab tsi?
teb: Hauv txoj kev xav tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib piv, qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb yog qhov ceev tshaj plaws uas cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov khoom tuaj yeem mus ncig, thiab nws tseem nyob ruaj khov hauv txhua lub thav duab inertial.
8. Nqe lus nug: Vim li cas cov khoom uas muaj qhov hnyav thiaj li tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag lossis tshaj qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb?
teb: Thaum ib yam khoom qhov ceev mus txog qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb, nws qhov hnyav relativistic nce ntxiv, xav tau lub zog tsis kawg los ua kom nws nrawm mus rau qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb nws tus kheej.
9. Nqe lus nug: Kev ntxiv qhov ceev ua haujlwm li cas hauv kev sib piv tshwj xeeb?
teb: Tsis zoo li cov txheej txheem kho tshuab qub, qhov ceev tsis ntxiv ncaj qha. Yog tias u yog qhov ceev ntawm ib yam khoom raws li pom hauv ib lub thav duab txav nrog qhov ceev v, ces nws qhov ceev raws li tus neeg soj ntsuam ruaj khov yog u' = (u + v) / (1 + uv/c²).
10. Nqe lus nug: Lorentz kev hloov pauv yog dab tsi?
teb: Lorentz kev hloov pauv yog cov qauv lej uas cuam tshuam qhov chaw thiab lub sijhawm sib koom ua ke ntawm ib qho xwm txheej hauv ib lub thav duab inertial rau cov uas nyob hauv lwm qhov txav mus rau qhov ceev tas li piv rau thawj zaug.
11. Nqe lus nug: Kev sib piv tshwj xeeb cuam tshuam li cas rau kev txuag lub zog?
teb: Lub zog tseem khaws cia, tab sis lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub zog dhau los ua relativistic, suav nrog qhov sib piv ntawm qhov nce ntawm relativistic mass: p = mv/√(1 – v²/c²).
12. Nqe lus nug: Puas yog txoj kev xav tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib piv sib xws nrog Newtonian mechanics?
teb: Yog lawm, rau cov velocities me dua li qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb, cov lus kwv yees ntawm kev sib piv tshwj xeeb sib sau ua ke rau cov ntawm Newtonian mechanics.
13. Nqe lus nug: Lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev laus yog dab tsi?
teb: Ib tug neeg uas taug kev nrog qhov ceev sib piv yuav laus qeeb dua li ib tug neeg uas nyob twj ywm. Qhov no yog "qhov sib txawv ntawm ob tug ntxaib" uas ib tug ntxaib taug kev nrog qhov ceev ze li lub teeb thiab rov qab los hluas dua li tus ntxaib uas nyob tom qab.
14. Nqe lus nug: Kev sib piv tshwj xeeb txhais lub zog li cas?
teb: Tag nrho lub zog yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm lub zog so (mc²) ntawm ib yam khoom thiab nws lub zog kinetic. Txawm tias thaum so, ib yam khoom muaj lub zog vim nws qhov hnyav.
15. Nqe lus nug: Puas muaj dab tsi mus tau sai dua lub teeb raws li kev sib raug zoo tshwj xeeb?
teb: Tsis yog, qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb yog qhov txwv ceev thoob ntiaj teb. Tachyons, cov khoom me me uas taug kev sai dua lub teeb, tsis sib xws nrog lub tswv yim.
16. Nqe lus nug: Qhov hnyav raug cuam tshuam li cas ntawm qhov ceev relativistic?
teb: Thaum ib yam khoom qhov ceev mus txog qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb, nws qhov hnyav relativistic nce ntxiv yam tsis muaj kev txwv, xav tau ntau dua thiab ntau lub zog rau kev nrawm ntxiv.
17. Nqe lus nug: Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm causality ua lub luag haujlwm dab tsi hauv kev sib piv tshwj xeeb?
teb: Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm causality, qhov twg ua rau ua ntej qhov tshwm sim, tseem khaws cia rau hauv kev sib piv tshwj xeeb, uas yog vim li cas qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb txwv yog qhov tseem ceeb.
18. Nqe lus nug: Lub sijhawm chaw yog dab tsi?
teb: Lub sijhawm sib xyaw ua ke peb qhov ntev ntawm qhov chaw nrog rau qhov ntev plaub ntawm lub sijhawm rau hauv plaub-seem continuum, qhov tseem ceeb rau lub moj khaum ntawm relativity.
19. Nqe lus nug: Kev sib piv tshwj xeeb saib qhov chaw thiab lub sijhawm li cas?
teb: Kev sib piv tshwj xeeb tsis lees paub qhov muaj nyob ntawm qhov chaw thiab lub sijhawm. Ob qho tib si yog sib piv thiab tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm tus neeg lub xeev ntawm kev txav mus los.
20. Nqe lus nug: "Lub thav duab inertial ntawm kev siv" yog dab tsi?
teb: Ib lub thav duab inertial yog ib qho uas cov khoom nyob twj ywm lossis txav mus los ntawm qhov ceev tas li tshwj tsis yog tias muaj lub zog sab nraud ua rau. Nws yog ib lub thav duab uas Newton txoj cai lij choj thawj zaug ntawm kev txav mus los tuav.
Lub tswv yim tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib piv, uas Albert Einstein tau qhia, tau hloov peb txoj kev nkag siab txog qhov chaw, lub sijhawm, lub zog, thiab cov khoom. Nws cov txiaj ntsig nthuav dav mus rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev kawm txog lub cev niaj hnub no thiab tau raug kuaj xyuas los ntawm kev sim.
