Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm Physics hauv Kev Kho Mob
Kev kawm txog lub cev, uas yog kev kawm txog tej yam tseem ceeb xws li tej khoom, lub zog, thiab lawv tej kev sib cuam tshuam, tau muaj feem cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev kho mob, hloov pauv kev kuaj mob, kev kho mob, thiab kev nkag siab txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tib neeg. Kev kawm txog lub cev kho mob tau txuas qhov sib txawv ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm kev cai lij choj ntawm lub cev thiab kev siv tshuaj kho mob, ua kom muaj kev meej, kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev kho mob. Tsab xov xwm no piav qhia txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev hauv kev kho mob, tshawb nrhiav cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb, cov txheej txheem, thiab cov kev hloov pauv tshiab uas qhia txog kev sib raug zoo no.
Kev Kuaj Mob thiab Kev Thaij Duab
Ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig pom tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm physics rau kev kho mob yog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev thaij duab kho mob, qhov twg cov txheej txheem tsim los ntawm cov ntsiab cai ntawm lub cev tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj mob ntau yam kab mob.
X-ray duab
Xyoo 1895, Wilhelm Roentgen tau tshawb pom cov duab X-rays uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev hauv kev kuaj mob. Kev thaij duab X-ray siv qhov sib txawv ntawm kev nqus cov duab X-rays los ntawm ntau yam nqaij hauv lub cev tib neeg. Cov pob txha, vim tias lawv ntom dua, nqus tau cov duab X-rays ntau dua thiab yog li ntawd pom dawb ntawm daim duab xoo hluav taws xob, thaum cov nqaij mos dua pom xim grey lossis dub. Cov thev naus laus zis no tseem ceeb heev rau kev kuaj pom cov pob txha tawg, teeb meem hniav, thiab qee yam qog nqaij hlav.
Sib Nqus Resonance Magnetic (MRI)
MRI siv cov ntsiab cai ntawm nuclear magnetic resonance, uas yog lub tswv yim uas muaj hauv quantum physics. Los ntawm kev muab lub cev tib neeg tso rau hauv lub zog magnetic thiab siv cov pulses radiofrequency, MRI ua kom cov hydrogen nuclei sib dhos ua ke hauv lub cev. Thaum so, cov nuclei no tso tawm cov cim uas hloov mus ua cov duab ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov qauv sab hauv. MRI tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau nws qhov kev daws teeb meem siab hauv cov nqaij mos, ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kuaj mob neurological, musculoskeletal, thiab cardiovascular.
Computed Tomography (CT)
Kev siv computer tomography ua ke cov kev ntsuas X-ray uas tau los ntawm ntau lub kaum sab xis, ua tiav los ntawm cov algorithms hauv computer, los tsim cov duab hla ntawm lub cev. Cov ntsiab cai ntawm physics yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov algorithms rov tsim kho tomographic uas hloov cov ntaub ntawv X-ray raw mus rau hauv cov duab 3D ntxaws ntxaws. CT scans yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj mob raug mob, mob qog noj ntshav, thiab cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
Ultrasound Kev
Kev thaij duab ultrasound siv cov suab nrov siab los tsim cov duab ntawm cov qauv sab hauv ntawm lub cev. Cov ntsiab cai ntawm physics xws li acoustic impedance thiab Doppler effect yog qhov tseem ceeb rau ultrasound. Qhov xwm txheej tsis ionizing ntawm ultrasound ua rau nws muaj kev nyab xeeb tshwj xeeb rau kev saib xyuas cev xeeb tub, mob plawv, thiab mob nqaij mos.
Kab Kev Tiv Thaiv
Lwm qhov kev sib tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm physics thiab tshuaj yog kev kho mob hluav taws xob, feem ntau yog siv rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav. Hauv qhov no, cov hluav taws xob ionizing, xws li X-rays, gamma rays, lossis particle beams, yog siv los tsom thiab rhuav tshem cov hlwb qog noj ntshav.
Linear Accelerators
Kev kho mob hluav taws xob niaj hnub no feem ntau siv cov linear accelerators (linacs) los tsim cov X-rays lossis electron beams uas muaj zog heev. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov pauv zog, qhov twg cov khoom me me raug ua kom nrawm dua siv cov teb hluav taws xob electromagnetic, yog kev siv ncaj qha ntawm cov electrodynamics qub. Cov beams no tau ua tib zoo tsim thiab hloov kho kom ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau tshaj plaws thaum txo qis kev raug rau cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab haus huv ib puag ncig.
Kev mob brachytherapy
Hauv kev kho mob brachytherapy, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raug muab tso rau hauv lossis ze ntawm qhov mob qog. Cov txheej txheem no siv cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hluav taws xob thiab kev ntsuas dosimetry, kom ntseeg tau tias cov tshuaj hluav taws xob ntau tsuas yog nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm qhov mob qog. Cov kev xam zauv tseeb uas koom nrog ua kom muaj kev kho mob zoo nrog cov kev mob tshwm sim tsawg kawg nkaus.
nuclear tshuaj
Kev kho mob nuclear, ib qho teb uas muab chemistry, physics, thiab tshuaj kho mob sib xyaws ua ke, siv cov isotopes radioactive (radioisotopes) rau ob qho kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob.
Positron Emission Tomography (Tsiaj)
Cov kev ntsuas PET siv cov isotopes radioisotopes uas tso tawm positrons. Thaum positrons ntsib cov electrons hauv lub cev, lawv rhuav tshem, tsim cov gamma rays uas lub scanner ntes tau. Cov ntsiab cai physics ntsig txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom me me thiab cov xwm txheej rhuav tshem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov thev naus laus zis no. PET scans yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuam xyuas cov haujlwm metabolic, feem ntau siv rau hauv kev kho mob oncology, cardiology, thiab neurology.
Kev Siv Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
Kev thaij duab SPECT muaj cov tshuaj gamma-emitting radioisotopes. Cov cuab yeej ntes tau cov gamma photons, thiab cov algorithms computer rov tsim cov duab 3D. Cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm kev hluav taws xob, kev lwj, thiab kev ntes yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no. Kev luam theej duab SPECT muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ntsuam xyuas cov ntshav ntws, kev thaij duab lub hlwb ua haujlwm, thiab cov teeb meem pob txha.
Biomechanics thiab Cov Khoom Siv Kho Mob
Biomechanics siv cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev kho tshuab los nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev musculoskeletal thiab pab txhawb kev tsim cov khoom siv prosthetics thiab orthotic.
Prosthetics thiab Orthotics
Kev kawm txog lub cev (physics) tswj kev tsim cov ceg cuav thiab cov hlau txuas (orthotic braces) los ntawm kev siv cov ntsiab cai ntawm mechanics, material science, thiab kinematics. Kev nkag siab txog lub zog, torques, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam khoom siv ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv no muab kev txhawb nqa thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws.
Kev Kho Mob Robotics
Cov neeg hlau phais thiab kho kom rov zoo siv cov ntsiab cai ntawm physics, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev tswj hwm, dynamics, thiab cov ntaub ntawv science. Kev ua kom raug, kev ruaj khov, thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb, feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov kev cai lij choj ntawm lub cev.
Lasers hauv Tshuaj
Kev siv tshuab laser, raws li quantum mechanics thiab optics, muaj ntau yam kev siv kho mob.
Laser Surgery
Cov lasers muab kev txiav thiab kev rho tawm kom raug nrog kev puas tsuaj tsawg kawg nkaus rau cov ntaub so ntswg ib puag ncig. Cov wavelengths sib txawv raug xaiv raws li lawv cov yam ntxwv nqus hauv cov ntaub so ntswg tshwj xeeb, uas qhia txog kev nkag siab tob txog kev kho qhov muag.
Photodynamic Therapy
Kev kho mob no suav nrog cov tshuaj uas rhiab rau lub teeb uas ua haujlwm los ntawm cov nthwv dej tshwj xeeb ntawm lub teeb. Kev tswj hwm qhov tseeb ntawm kev raug lub teeb thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj yog los ntawm cov ntsiab cai ntawm quantum physics thiab photochemistry.
Nanomedicine
Nanomedicine, kev siv nanotechnology hauv kev kho mob, siv quantum physics, material science, thiab biology. Nanoparticles tuaj yeem tsim los xa cov tshuaj mus rau cov hlwb uas tau tsom mus rau, raws li cov ntsiab cai ntawm quantum mechanics thiab molecular interactions.
xaus
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm physics hauv kev kho mob yog ob qho tib si tob thiab dav, suav nrog ntau yam thev naus laus zis thiab cov ntsiab cai uas txhim kho kev kuaj mob, kev kho mob, thiab kev saib xyuas tus neeg mob. Txij li cov kab ke duab uas qhia txog lub cev zais cia rau cov txheej txheem kho mob uas tsom mus rau kab mob, physics muab lub hauv paus rau kev tsim kho mob niaj hnub. Thaum ob qho tib si txuas ntxiv mus, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm physics thiab tshuaj cog lus tias yuav muaj kev hloov pauv ntau dua, txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv thiab hloov pauv txoj hauv kev uas peb nkag siab thiab kho cov txiaj ntsig tib neeg. Yav tom ntej ntawm kev kho mob, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, yuav txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv cov ntsiab cai thiab kev tawg ntawm physics.
