Tsab xov xwm hais txog Coulomb txoj cai
Hauv tsab xov xwm txog cov nqi hluav taws xob thiab cov hom nqi hluav taws xob piav qhia tias cov nqi zoo sib xws sib thawb ib leeg thaum cov nqi tsis zoo sib thawb ib leeg. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov khoom muaj nqi zoo rub cov khoom muaj nqi tsis zoo, cov khoom muaj nqi zoo thawb cov khoom muaj nqi zoo, thiab cov khoom muaj nqi tsis zoo thawb cov khoom muaj nqi tsis zoo. Qhov xwm txheej no qhia tau tias muaj cov zog hluav taws xob ua rau cov khoom muaj nqi zoo thiab cov khoom muaj nqi tsis zoo. Cov yam ntxwv twg cuam tshuam rau lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom muaj nqi hluav taws xob?
Tus kws tshawb fawb Fabkis Charles Coulomb (1736-1806) tau ua ntau yam kev sim hauv xyoo 1780 los tshawb nrhiav cov yam ntxwv uas cuam tshuam rau qhov loj ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom uas muaj hluav taws xob. Lub cuab yeej uas Coulomb siv zoo li lub cuab yeej uas Cavendish siv los tshawb nrhiav qhov sib npaug ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, hu ua qhov sib npaug torsion. Coulomb tshawb nrhiav lub zog ntawm hluav taws xob, yog li nws siv ob lub pob hlau uas muaj hluav taws xob, thaum Cavendish tshawb nrhiav lub zog ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, yog li nws siv ob lub pob ntawm cov pawg uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob.
Cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau lub zog hluav taws xob
Raws li kev sim ua los ntawm kev siv lub zog sib npaug torsion, Coulomb tau tshawb pom ntau yam.
– Hauv qhov kev sim no, qhov deb ntawm ob lub pob khoom khov kho yeej ib txwm zoo ib yam. Thaum qhov ntau ntawm cov hluav taws xob ntawm lub pob khoom khov kho 1 yog 1, thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov hluav taws xob ntawm lub pob khoom khov kho 2 yog ib qho, ces lub zog hluav taws xob ua rau ob lub pob khoom khov kho yog 1.
qhov khoom ntawm qhov loj ntawm tus nqi ntawm ib qho, Q 1 , npaug ntawm qhov loj ntawm tus nqi ntawm lwm qhov, Q 2 (F ≈ q 1 q 2 ).
– Hauv qhov kev sim no, tus naj npawb ntawm cov nqi ntawm ob lub pob khoom khov kho yeej ib txwm zoo ib yam. Yog tias qhov deb ntawm ob lub pob khoom khov kho yog ib qho, ces lub zog hluav taws xob ua rau ob lub pob khoom khov kho yog 1. Yog tias qhov deb ntawm ob lub pob khoom khov kho yog ob, ces lub zog hluav taws xob ua rau ob lub pob khoom khov kho yog ¼. Coulomb xaus lus tias qhov loj ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob ua rau ob lub pob khoom khov kho yog inversely proportional rau lub square ntawm qhov deb (F ≈ 1 / r 2 )
Coulomb txoj cai
Txoj cai Coulomb yog ib qho ntawm cov kev cai lij choj physics uas piav qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub zog ntawm hluav taws xob, lub zog hluav taws xob thiab qhov deb ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob. Txoj cai no tau tsim los ntawm kev sim ua los ntawm Coulomb raws li tau piav qhia hauv tsab xov xwm dhau los.
Txoj cai Coulomb hais tias qhov loj ntawm lub zog uas ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob siv rau lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob yog sib npaug ncaj qha.
qhov khoom ntawm kev sib npaug, cov nqi ntawm ob lub khoom me me thiab sib piv rau lub xwmfab ntawm qhov deb ntawm ob lub khoom me me. Lub zog no ua haujlwm nrog ib txoj kab ncaj txuas ob lub khoom me me. Cov khoom me me uas muaj cov nqi zoo sib xws sib thawb ib leeg, thaum cov khoom me me uas muaj cov nqi tsis zoo sib xws sib rub ib leeg.
Txoj cai Coulomb tuaj yeem qhia tau hauv cov lej sib npaug:
F 12 = lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom me me 1 thiab cov khoom me me 2
q 1 = tus nqi hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom me me 1
q 2 = tus nqi hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom me me 2
r 12 = qhov deb ntawm cov khoom me me 1 thiab cov khoom me me 2
F 21 yog lub zog uas lub zog ntawm q 2 siv rau ntawm lub zog ntawm q 1 , thaum F 12 yog lub zog uas lub zog ntawm q 1 siv rau ntawm lub zog ntawm q 2. F 21 thiab F 12 sib tawm tsam thaum cov hom zog ntawm q 1 thiab q 2 tsis zoo ib yam, thiab sib rub thaum cov hom zog ntawm q 1 thiab q 2 tsis zoo ib yam.
F 21 thiab F 12 muaj tib qhov loj, sib txawv thiab ua haujlwm rau ntau yam khoom sib txawv, yog li ob lub zog no yog ib khub ntawm cov zog ua haujlwm-kev teb.
