Kev Sib Piv ntawm Cov Hlau Tooj Liab thiab Cov Hlau Tooj Liab rau Cov Cuab Yeej Suab Paj Nruag
Hauv ntiaj teb ntawm cov twj paj nruag, kev xaiv cov khoom siv tsis yog tsuas yog hais txog kev zoo nkauj xwb, tab sis kuj txiav txim siab txog tus cwj pwm ntawm lub suab, kev ruaj khov, cov nqi tsim khoom, thiab kev nplij siab ntawm tus neeg ua si. Ob qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas feem ntau tham txog - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov twj paj nruag cua thiab percussion - yog tooj dag thiab tooj dag. Ob qho tib si yog cov hlau ua los ntawm tooj liab, tab sis lawv muaj cov khoom sib txawv, cov khoom siv lub cev, thiab cov lus teb acoustic. Tsab xov xwm no tham txog kev sib piv ntawm tooj dag thiab tooj dag kom pab nkag siab thaum twg txhua hlau zoo dua rau kev siv hauv cov twj paj nruag.
1. Cov qauv yooj yim thiab tus cwj pwm
Feem ntau tooj dag yog ib qho sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tooj liab (Cu) thiab zinc (Zn). Qhov sib piv ntawm tooj liab rau zinc tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm hom tooj dag siv - qhov ntau ntawm cov tooj liab, qhov ntau xim liab thiab qhov ntau "sov" cov yam ntxwv; qhov ntau ntawm cov zinc, qhov ntau xim daj thiab qhov nyuaj thiab yooj yim dua cov hlau tuaj yeem ua tau hauv qee cov txheej txheem.
Lub caij no, tooj liab yog ib qho hlau sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tooj liab (Cu) thiab tin (Sn), txawm hais tias qee cov qauv niaj hnub no yuav ntxiv lwm yam khoom xws li phosphorus, txhuas, lossis silicon los txhim kho qee yam khoom. Tooj liab paub tias nyuaj dua thiab feem ntau muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo, thiab nrov ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau ntau hom cymbals, tswb, thiab ntau yam khoom siv twj paj nruag.
Hauv ntej: tooj dag yog lub npe zoo ib yam li "tooj dag" thiab nws yog ib qho uas siv ntau heev hauv cov twj paj nruag cua, thaum tooj dag yog lub npe zoo ib yam li "tooj dag" thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev hauv cov twj paj nruag hlau xws li cymbals.
2. Cov khoom siv kho tshuab: qhov nyuaj, elasticity, thiab durability
Rau cov twj paj nruag, cov khoom siv kho tshuab tseem ceeb ib yam li cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw. Feem ntau tooj dag zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev ua kom zoo nkauj. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem tsim cov twj paj nruag cua - piv txwv li, cov hlau uas yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo li cov kav dej, tswb, lossis cov khoom uas xav tau kev kos duab thiab khoov kom raug. Tooj dag kuj yooj yim rau kev vuam lossis braze thaum lub sijhawm sib dhos.
Tooj liab feem ntau yuav tawv dua thiab tsis yooj yim hnav, tab sis cov txheej txheem ua kom zoo nkauj yuav nyuaj dua nyob ntawm ntau yam. Hauv qee qhov kev siv, qhov nyuaj no yeej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, vim nws tso cai rau nws kom tswj tau cov duab thiab kev ruaj khov hauv qab kev co ntau zaus. Yog li ntawd, tooj liab feem ntau raug xaiv rau cov cymbals thiab bells uas muaj kev co thiab kev cuam tshuam ntau zaus; nws qhov "resilient" thiab kev ruaj khov pab cov twj paj nruag tiv taus kev siv ntau, txawm hais tias qhov no tseem nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.
Hais txog kev tiv taus xeb, ob qho tib si zoo heev, vim lawv yog tooj liab. Txawm li cas los xij, tooj liab feem ntau muaj lub koob npe nrov rau kev ruaj khov dua hauv cov chaw ib puag ncig hnyav dua (xws li cov av noo siab), txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov twj paj nruag - uas feem ntau yog khaws cia thiab khaws cia hauv tsev - qhov sib txawv feem ntau tsis loj heev yog tias saib xyuas zoo.
3. Tus cwj pwm suab thiab kev teb acoustic
Ib qho ntawm cov lus nug loj tshaj plaws: tooj dag piv rau tooj dag cuam tshuam li cas rau lub suab?
Hauv cov twj paj nruag tooj dag, lub suab raug cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam: kev tsim lub qhov, qhov tuab ntawm phab ntsa, lub tswb zoo li cas, qhov zoo ntawm kev sib txuas, thiab txawm tias lub qhov ncauj. Cov khoom siv ua lub luag haujlwm, tab sis feem ntau nws tsis yog tib qho kev txiav txim siab. Txawm li cas los xij, tooj dag feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog lub suab ci ntsa iab, teb tau sai, thiab nrov nrov - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov twj paj nruag xws li trumpet, trombone, horn, lossis tuba. Ntau tus neeg ua si pom tias tooj dag muab qhov sib npaug zoo ntawm lub suab tso tawm thiab kev teb tau sai.
Tooj liab, thaum siv rau hauv qee yam khoom (piv txwv li, tswb hauv qee qhov kev tsim tshwj xeeb, lossis qee qhov ntawm qee yam twj paj nruag), feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog tus cwj pwm tsaus dua, nyuaj dua thiab nplua nuj dua. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xav no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov khoom siv tuab, cov txheej txheem annealing, thiab kev ua tiav.
Hauv cov twj paj nruag percussion xws li cymbals, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv yog qhov pom tseeb dua. Tooj liab - hom uas feem ntau siv rau cymbals, piv txwv li - paub txog kev tsim cov spectrum harmonic nyuaj, nplua nuj sustain, thiab dav dynamics. Vim li no, ntau cov cymbals kev tshaj lij siv tooj liab ua tus qauv. Tooj liab kuj tseem siv rau cymbals (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov pib tshiab lossis cov pib nkag), tab sis feem ntau suav tias muaj lub suab yooj yim dua, luv dua sustain, thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm overtone tsawg dua - txawm hais tias qhov no kuj cuam tshuam los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab cymbal tuab.
4. Kev siv ntau hauv cov twj paj nruag
Tooj dag muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog tsev neeg cov twj paj nruag tooj dag: trumpet, cornet, trombone, euphonium, tuba, thiab lwm yam. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam kev ua tiav xws li lacquer, silver-plated, lossis kub-plated, cov khoom siv hauv paus feem ntau tseem yog tooj dag vim nws yooj yim los tsim ua yeeb nkab thiab daim ntawv, thiab nws tus nqi pheej yig dua li lwm cov hlau sib xyaw.
Tooj liab yog ib qho uas ntau heev rau:
- Cymbals (hi-hat, crash, ride, splash)
- Cov tswb lossis cov chimes (xws li cov twj paj nruag uas muaj suab nrov xws li cov tswb tes)
- Qee yam khoom uas xav tau kev ruaj khov ntawm kev co thiab lub zog ntawm cov khoom
Qhov tseeb nthuav: "Cov twj paj nruag tooj dag" tsis yog txhua lub sijhawm txhais tau tias lawv ua los ntawm tooj dag ntshiab; lo lus no txhais tau ntau dua rau cov twj paj nruag cua nrog lub qhov ncauj zoo li khob. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev xyaum ua lag luam, feem ntau ntawm cov twj paj nruag no yog ua los ntawm tooj dag vim lawv cov khoom tsim tau zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv suab.
5. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab cov nqi
Hais txog kev tsim khoom ntau, tooj dag feem ntau zoo dua vim tias:
- Yooj yim dua rau kev tsim thiab ua haujlwm nrog
- Yooj yim dua rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom xws li khoov, kos duab, thiab soldering
- Feem ntau pheej yig dua rau kev tsim khoom loj
Tooj liab—tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov cymbals—feem ntau muaj cov txheej txheem uas hais txog qhov zoo ntawm lub suab, xws li casting, dov, hammering, thiab lathing. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem xav tau kev txawj ntse siab thiab kev tswj hwm zoo nruj, uas ua rau tus nqi kawg siab dua. Yog vim li cas ntau cov cymbals tooj liab qib kev tshaj lij kim dua li cov cymbals tooj liab rau cov pib tshiab.
Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov: tus nqi tsis yog hais txog cov khoom siv xwb; txoj kev tsim khoom, hom, thiab qhov zoo ntawm kev ua tiav kuj muaj feem cuam tshuam loj heev.
6. Kev saib xyuas thiab kev laus
Ob hom hlau no muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib qho patina dhau sijhawm. Hauv cov twj paj nruag cua, tooj dag feem ntau raug tiv thaiv los ntawm lacquer lossis plating kom tiv thaiv kev oxidation thiab tswj nws cov tsos. Yog tias cov lacquer hnav tawm, tooj dag tuaj yeem ploj xim thiab xav tau kev ntxuav ntau zaus.
Ntawm cov cymbals tooj liab, patina feem ntau yog ib feem ntawm lawv tus cwj pwm. Ntau tus neeg ua si cia cov cymbals "laus" vim tias patina tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub suab (feem ntau pom tias du lossis tsaus dua). Txawm li cas los xij, kev ntxuav tseem ceeb yog tias xeb lossis av ua rau lub cymbal tsis zoo lossis ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj mus sij hawm ntev.
7. Qhov twg zoo dua?
Tsis muaj ib lo lus teb. "Zoo dua" feem ntau nyob ntawm hom twj paj nruag thiab koj cov kev xav tau suab paj nruag.
- Yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov twj paj nruag cua nrog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom zoo, cov lus teb zoo, thiab lub suab zoo uas tau sim ntau pua xyoo, tooj dag feem ntau yog thawj qhov kev xaiv.
- Yog tias koj tsom mus rau cov hlau percussion xws li cymbals thiab xav tau qhov nyuaj harmonic siab, qhov dav dynamic range, thiab lub suab nplua nuj, tooj liab feem ntau yog tus qauv nyiam.
Rau cov neeg ua suab paj nruag, qhov kev txiav txim siab zoo tshaj plaws feem ntau tsis yog hais txog "tooj dag lossis tooj liab," tab sis yog hais txog kev tsim cov twj paj nruag, qhov zoo ntawm kev tsim, lub hom phiaj suab paj nruag, thiab kev nyiam suab. Ob lub twj paj nruag ua los ntawm tib cov khoom siv tuaj yeem suab sib txawv heev yog tias cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab kev tsim qauv sib txawv.
Xaus
Tooj dag thiab tooj dag yog cov hlau ua los ntawm tooj liab, tab sis sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, thiab cov yam ntxwv suab. Tooj dag zoo tshaj plaws hauv nws qhov yooj yim ntawm kev ua duab thiab yog qhov pom ntau heev hauv cov twj paj nruag cua, thaum tooj dag zoo tshaj plaws hauv nws qhov nyuaj ntawm suab thiab kev ruaj khov rau cov ntawv thov percussion xws li cymbals thiab tswb. Thaum kawg, kev xaiv cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws nyob ntawm qhov uas zoo tshaj plaws rau koj cov kev xav tau suab paj nruag, hom kev ua si, thiab cov ntsiab lus siv - txawm tias nyob hauv studio, ntawm theem, lossis hauv kev xyaum txhua hnub.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem hloov kho tsab xov xwm no mus rau hauv ib qho version uas muaj kev txawj ntse ntau dua (piv txwv li tham txog cov piv txwv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke thiab lawv cov teebmeem rau resonance), lossis ib qho version uas siv tau zoo dua rau kev qhia xaiv cov cymbals / cov twj paj nruag raws li hom suab paj nruag.
