Kev Siv Gallium Hlau Hauv Semiconductor Technology
Gallium yog ib yam hlau uas tej zaum yuav zoo li tsis paub rau qee tus, tab sis nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis niaj hnub. Tom qab cov xov tooj ntse, 5G network, teeb LED, vaj huam sib luag hnub ci, thiab txawm tias cov khoom siv sib txuas lus satellite, gallium yog ib yam khoom tseem ceeb uas ua rau cov khoom siv semiconductor ua haujlwm sai dua, ua haujlwm tau zoo dua, thiab tiv taus qee yam mob dua li cov khoom siv ib txwm muaj. Tsab xov xwm no tham txog kev siv cov hlau gallium hauv thev naus laus zis semiconductor, vim li cas cov khoom siv no tseem ceeb, thiab piv txwv ntawm nws cov ntawv thov hauv ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Kawm txog gallium thiab nws cov khoom yooj yim
Gallium (Ga) yog ib yam tshuaj uas muaj tus lej atomic 31. Gallium lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb yog qhov nthuav heev: nws muaj qhov melting point qis, nyob ib ncig ntawm 29,7 ° C, uas ua rau nws yaj hauv tes ntawm lub cev kub. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm semiconductors, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tsis yog qhov "melting" khoom no, tab sis nws lub peev xwm los tsim cov semiconducting compounds nrog cov yam ntxwv hluav taws xob thiab kho qhov muag zoo dua.
Gallium yog ib pawg 13 element (triel), thiab feem ntau yog sib xyaw nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus xws li arsenic (As), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), lossis indium (In) los tsim cov khoom siv semiconductor hu ua compound semiconductors. Cov ntaub ntawv no txawv ntawm silicon, uas yog ib qho elemental semiconductor. Compound semiconductors muab cov electron velocities siab dua, zoo dua lub teeb emission efficiency, thiab kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov zaus siab.
Gallium ua cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom sib xyaw semiconductors
Hauv kev siv tshuab semiconductor, gallium tsis tshua siv ua hlau ntshiab. Nws qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj uas nws tsim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog:
1. Gallium arsenide (GaAs)
2. Gallium nitride (GaN)
3. Gallium phosphide (GaP)
4. Indium gallium nitride (InGaN)
5. Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) thiab cov hlau sib xws
Txhua lub tshuaj muaj "qhov zoo tshwj xeeb" rau qee yam kev siv, xws li RF (xov tooj cua zaus), optoelectronics, mus rau lub zog hluav taws xob.
1) Gallium arsenide (GaAs): lub hauv paus ntawm RF thiab cov khoom siv sib txuas lus
Ib qho ntawm cov kev siv gallium uas paub zoo tshaj plaws yog ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm GaAs, ib yam khoom siv semiconductor uas muaj kev txav mus los ntawm electron siab. Kev txav mus los ntawm electron siab txhais tau tias cov neeg nqa khoom tuaj yeem txav mus los sai dua los ntawm cov khoom siv, tso cai rau cov khoom siv ua haujlwm ntawm cov zaus siab dua thiab nrog suab nrov qis dua li silicon hauv qee daim ntawv thov.
Cov ntawv thov GaAs feem ntau:
- RF teeb liab booster ntawm xov tooj ntawm tes thiab cov khoom siv wireless
Ntau lub zog amplifier modules hauv cov xov tooj ntse yav dhau los thiab qee cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb siv GaAs vim nws qhov ua tau zoo hauv kev ua kom cov teeb liab xov tooj cua nrov.
- Kev sib txuas lus radar thiab satellite
Cov khoom siv zaus siab xws li radar, xov tooj cua microwave, thiab cov kab ke sib txuas lus satellite xav tau cov khoom siv ruaj khov thiab ceev.
- Cov khoom siv microwave thiab millimeter-wave
GaAs siv dav rau cov khoom uas ua haujlwm hauv GHz txog kaum tawm GHz, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev sib txuas lus thiab cov tshuab sensor.
GaAs kuj muaj cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv qee qhov kev siv kho qhov muag vim nws cov khoom bandgap uas txhawb nqa kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob zoo los tsim lossis ntes lub teeb ntawm cov wavelengths tshwj xeeb.
2) Gallium nitride (GaN): kev hloov pauv hauv lub zog thiab 5G
Tau kaum xyoo dhau los no, GaN tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam semiconductor niaj hnub no. GaN muaj qhov bandgap dav, ua rau nws ua haujlwm ntawm qhov hluav taws xob siab dua, kub dua, thiab cov teb hluav taws xob muaj zog dua li silicon. Qhov no ua rau GaN zoo tagnrho rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv RF muaj zog siab.
Cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm GaN:
- Lub adapter them ceev thiab lub zog siv tau zoo
Cov chargers raws li GaN tuaj yeem ua kom me dua thiab sib dua vim tias kev ua haujlwm siab txo qhov kub thiab tso cai rau cov qauv tsim nrog cov zaus hloov pauv siab dua.
- Cov inverters thiab cov hloov pauv hluav taws xob
GaN pib siv rau hauv kev siv tsheb, cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv, thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab, feem ntau yog los txhim kho kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob.
- Cov khoom siv RF rau 4G / 5G
Hauv 5G chaw nres tsheb, GaN raug xaiv dav vim nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov zog RF siab nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau qhov kis tau thiab kev ruaj khov.
Hauv cov lus yooj yim, GaN pab cov khoom siv ua haujlwm "muaj zog dua" tab sis tseem ua haujlwm tau zoo, yog li lub zog pov tseg raws li cua sov tuaj yeem txo qis.
3) Gallium hauv LEDs thiab cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub
Thaum nws los txog rau cov LEDs dawb siv rau hauv teeb pom kev zoo hauv tsev, cov xov tooj ntawm tes tso saib, lossis lub teeb taub hau tsheb, gallium ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Cov ntaub ntawv xws li InGaN (indium gallium nitride) yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov teeb xiav thiab ntsuab muaj zog heev. Lub teeb xiav tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog phosphors los tsim cov LEDs dawb.
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv gallium hauv LEDs:
- Kev siv hluav taws xob zoo dua li cov teeb roj incandescent lossis fluorescent
- Lub neej ntev vim tias LEDs yog cov khoom siv khov kho
- Zoo dua qhov zoo ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab kev tswj xim ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus thiab cov teeb pom kev zoo nkauj
Yog tsis muaj cov khoom siv semiconductor uas siv gallium, kev tsim cov LEDs niaj hnub no yuav qeeb dua, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo tam sim no yuav tsis siab npaum li niaj hnub no.
4) Gallium rau cov roj teeb hnub ci ua haujlwm siab
Gallium kuj tseem ceeb heev rau kev siv tshuab hnub ci - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hnub ci ua haujlwm siab siv rau hauv cov satellites lossis cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. Ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws yog kev siv GaAs thiab nws cov alloys, xws li InGaP / GaAs / Ge, hauv ntau lub hnub ci cells.
Vim li cas gallium thiaj zoo rau qee lub hnub ci cell?
- Kev hloov pauv siab heev
- Tiv taus hluav taws xob, tseem ceeb rau qhov chaw ib puag ncig
- Ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, xws li kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab lub teeb ci ntsa iab
Cov roj teeb hnub ci silicon yog cov tseem ceeb rau kev siv ntau vim lawv cov nqi tsim khoom qis dua, tab sis cov roj teeb hnub ci gallium ua tau zoo hauv cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws, xws li satellites, spacecraft, thiab qee lub tshuab tub rog.
5) Gallium hauv laser diodes thiab kev sib txuas lus optical
Cov tshuaj xws li AlGaAs thiab InGaN siv rau hauv cov laser diodes rau ntau yam wavelengths. Laser diodes yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv:
- Cov khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab qhov chaw cia khoom (ntawm qee cov thev naus laus zis)
- Kev ntsuas kev lag luam thiab cov tshuab ntsuas
- Kev sib txuas lus luv luv
– Cov khoom siv kho mob thiab cov cuab yeej siv hauv chaw kuaj mob
Cov lasers uas siv semiconductor xav tau cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj peev xwm tso tawm lub teeb tau zoo thiab ruaj khov. Gallium ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb vim tias nws tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv heterojunction uas txhawb nqa kev ua kom lub teeb ci zoo (lasing).
Vim li cas ho tsis tsuas yog silicone xwb?
Silicon tseem yog tus huab tais rau cov ICs digital xws li cov processors thiab lub cim xeeb vim nws lub ecosystem tsim khoom loj hlob, tus nqi qis, thiab kev sib koom ua ke siab heev. Txawm li cas los xij, rau qee qhov kev xav tau - xws li cov xov tooj cua siab, kev tso tawm lub teeb zoo, lossis kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob siab - cov ntaub ntawv raws li gallium feem ntau zoo dua.
Hauv kev xaus lus:
- GaAs ua tau zoo heev hauv kev ceev thiab RF
- GaN ua tau zoo heev hauv lub zog siab, kub siab, thiab kev hloov pauv zoo.
- InGaN/GaN ua tau zoo heev hauv LEDs thiab qee yam optoelectronics
Cov teeb meem ntawm kev siv gallium hauv kev lag luam
Txawm hais tias nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, gallium kuj muaj cov teeb meem:
- Kev muaj thiab cov khoom xa tuaj: gallium feem ntau yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm bauxite (txhuas) lossis zinc ua, yog li nws cov khoom xa tuaj nyob ntawm lwm yam lag luam.
- Cov nqi wafer thiab kev tsim khoom: GaAs lossis GaN wafers feem ntau kim dua li silicon wafers.
- Kev koom ua ke nrog cov thev naus laus zis silicon: kev sib txuas cov khoom siv gallium nrog cov voj voog silicon xav tau cov txheej txheem ntim khoom thiab tsim qauv nyuaj dua.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv tam sim no qhia tau tias kev siv cov gallium-based semiconductors txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv vim tias qhov xav tau kev siv hluav taws xob zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo siab dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub caij nyoog ntawm 5G, tsheb fais fab, thiab cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv.
Xaus
Cov hlau gallium siv rau hauv cov thev naus laus zis semiconductor yog dav thiab zoo. Los ntawm cov sib xyaw xws li GaAs thiab GaN, gallium ua rau cov khoom siv RF zaus siab, cov LEDs txuag hluav taws xob, laser diodes, thiab cov hloov pauv hluav taws xob niaj hnub zoo dua. Gallium kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv cov hlwb hnub ci ua haujlwm siab rau qhov chaw thiab cov ntawv thov ib puag ncig hnyav. Txawm hais tias muaj teeb meem nqi thiab kev xa khoom, kev lag luam xav tau cov ntaub ntawv semiconductor ua haujlwm siab ua rau gallium yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov thev naus laus zis hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab yav tom ntej.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem hloov kho tsab xov xwm no mus rau hauv cov qauv kev kawm (nrog rau kev hais txog), cov qauv nrov rau cov blogs, lossis cov qauv ntev dua nrog cov ntu tshwj xeeb ntawm GaN rau cov chargers ceev thiab 5G.
