Cov Hom Hlau Siv Hauv Kev Ua Cov Cheebtsam Computer
Cov khoos phis tawj uas peb siv txhua hnub zoo li yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo nkauj: lub thawv, lub vijtsam, lub keyboard, thiab ntau yam khoom siv sab hauv. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qab txhua yam ntawd yog "lub hauv paus" ntawm cov khoom siv uas ua rau lub cuab yeej ruaj khov, ruaj khov, thiab muaj peev xwm coj hluav taws xob thiab cua sov zoo. Ib qho ntawm cov pab pawg tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv khoos phis tawj yog hlau. Cov hlau raug xaiv vim lawv cov hluav taws xob zoo thiab thermal conductivity, lub zog kho tshuab, malleability, thiab tiv taus corrosion (nyob ntawm hom). Tsab xov xwm no tham txog cov hom hlau uas feem ntau siv rau hauv cov khoom siv khoos phis tawj, lawv cov haujlwm, thiab vim li cas lawv thiaj li yog qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam.
1. Tooj liab
Tooj liab yog ib hom hlau uas zoo ib yam li lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Qhov laj thawj yog qhov tseeb: tooj liab muaj kev ua hluav taws xob siab heev, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua hluav taws xob tau zoo thiab txo qhov poob hluav taws xob. Hauv cov khoos phis tawj, tooj liab feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv:
– Cov kab ntawm PCB (Printed Circuit Board): Cov txheej tooj liab tsim cov "kab" uas txuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
- Cov cables thiab cov connectors: Cov cables fais fab, cov cables data, thiab cov connectors feem ntau siv cov cores tooj liab.
- Lub dab dej kub thiab cov kav dej kub: Vim tias tooj liab muaj cov thermal conductivity siab, nws hloov pauv cua sov los ntawm CPU / GPU mus rau cov fins txias.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm tooj liab yog nws tus nqi kim dua li txhuas thiab nws qhov hnyav dua. Txawm li cas los xij, rau qhov xav tau cua sov thiab kev hloov pauv tam sim no zoo tshaj plaws, tooj liab tseem yog tus qauv.
2. Txhuas
Aluminium yog siv dav vim nws tsis hnyav, muaj zog, pheej yig, thiab tiv taus xeb zoo (ua tsaug rau nws cov txheej oxide ntuj). Hauv cov khoom siv computer, aluminium feem ntau siv rau hauv:
- Cov ntaub ntawv Laptop thiab PC: Muab lub zog ntawm cov qauv yam tsis ntxiv qhov hnyav ntau dhau.
- Lub tshuab cua sov: Txawm hais tias nws cov thermal conductivity qis dua li tooj liab, txhuas yooj yim tsim ua cov fins nyias uas ua rau thaj chaw cua sov ntau dua.
- Cov thav duab thiab cov brackets sib txuas: Piv txwv li, HDD/SSD mounts lossis PSU thav duab.
Vim muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm thermal, tus nqi, thiab qhov hnyav, txhuas tau dhau los ua cov hlau nyiam rau cov qauv tsim kho computer niaj hnub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov laptops.
3. Kub
Kub yog ib yam hlau muaj nqis, tab sis nws lub luag haujlwm hauv cov khoos phis tawj tsis yog ib yam khoom kim heev xwb. Kub yog siv vim:
- Kev ua hluav taws xob zoo
- Zoo heev rau kev xeb thiab oxidation
- Kev sib txuas hluav taws xob ruaj khov mus sij hawm ntev
Feem ntau kub pom tias yog ib txheej nyias (kub plating) ntawm cov pins txuas, xws li RAM connectors, PCIe slots, qee cov cable connectors, thiab CPU contacts. Yog tias cov connector contacts corrode yooj yim, kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb liab tuaj yeem tshwm sim, ua rau muaj qhov yuam kev, thiab txawm tias tiv thaiv lub cuab yeej los ntawm kev kuaj pom. Kub plating pab tswj qhov zoo ntawm kev sib txuas hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kev sib txhuam ntau zaus thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa thiab tshem tawm.
4. Nyiaj
Nyiaj muaj cov hluav taws xob conductivity siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau, zoo dua li tooj liab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws kim dua thiab tuaj yeem ua rau dub vim yog kev sib xyaw nrog sulfur hauv huab cua. Txawm li cas los xij, nyiaj tseem siv tau rau ntau yam kev siv tshwj xeeb, xws li:
- Qee cov tshuaj nplaum thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
- Kev sib txuas lus hluav taws xob zoo heev
- Qee cov txheej lossis cov khoom hauv qee cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv tsawg heev.
Feem ntau cov khoom siv hauv computer, nyiaj feem ntau tsis siv ntau npaum li tooj liab lossis txhuas vim yog kev xav txog tus nqi.
5. Tin
Tin ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas. Cov hlau nplaum yog cov hlau txuas uas txuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Court. Yav dhau los, cov hlau nplaum muaj cov hlau txhuas ntau heev, tab sis kev lag luam hluav taws xob tam sim no tau hloov mus rau cov hlau nplaum tsis muaj hlau txhuas, uas feem ntau yog tin ua los ntawm cov hlau sib xyaw xws li nyiaj thiab tooj liab.
Cov khoos phis tawj niaj hnub muaj ntau txhiab lub pob qij txha, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm cov motherboard thiab cov duab kos. Qhov zoo ntawm cov qij txha yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom siv: cov qij txha tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau cov kev sib txuas tawg (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm kev kub thiab txias), ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li "tsis muaj zaub," rov pib dua cov khoom siv ntau zaus, lossis qhov chaw nres nkoj tsis ua haujlwm tam sim ntawd.
6. Nickel
Feem ntau nickel siv los ua ib txheej tiv thaiv thiab ua kom muaj zog rau ntau yam khoom. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv xeb thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov chaw. Piv txwv ntawm kev siv nickel hauv cov khoom siv computer suav nrog:
- Plating rau ntawm lub connector (feem ntau yog ib txheej puag ua ntej kub)
- Txheej rau ntawm lub heatsink lossis qee qhov chaw kom tiv thaiv oxidation
- Kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau yam hlau sib xyaw
Nickel kuj tseem ceeb heev rau hauv kev lag luam electroplating, vim nws pab tsim cov nto muaj zog thiab ruaj khov.
7. Hlau thiab Hlau (Hlau thiab Hlau)
Txawm hais tias cov khoos phis tawj yog cov lus txhais tau tias "cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me," lawv cov qauv siv hlau thiab hlau ntau heev. Hlau yog ib qho hlau sib xyaw nrog cov pa roj carbon ntxiv thiab lwm yam khoom kom ua rau muaj zog dua. Hauv cov khoos phis tawj, hlau feem ntau siv rau:
- Lub thawv rau lub desktop PC
- Cov ntsia hlau, cov brackets, thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv
- Cov khoom sab hauv ntawm PSU (Chav Muab Fais Fab)
Hlau/hlau muaj qhov zoo dua ntawm lub zog thiab tus nqi, txawm hais tias nws hnyav dua thiab yooj yim rau xeb yog tias tsis muaj txheej. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom hlau feem ntau raug pleev xim, galvanized, lossis lwm yam txheej.
8. Zinc
Feem ntau siv zinc ua ib txheej tiv thaiv (galvanization) rau ntawm cov hlau kom tiv thaiv xeb. Nws kuj siv rau hauv cov hlau sib xyaw xws li:
– Tooj dag: yog ib qho hlau sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tooj liab thiab zinc, feem ntau siv rau hauv cov ntsia hlau, cov khoom siv motherboard, thiab qee cov khoom sib txuas vim nws muaj zog thiab tiv taus xeb.
– Cov hlau uas raug die-casting (piv txwv li Zamak): siv rau cov khoom me me uas xav tau cov duab meej, muaj zog txaus, thiab pheej yig tsim ntau.
Tus neeg siv tsis tshua pom zinc, tab sis nws pab txhawb rau kev ua haujlwm ntev thiab lub neej ntawm cov khoom.
9. Cobalt
Cobalt feem ntau raug tham txog hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov roj teeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov roj teeb lithium-ion siv hauv cov laptops. Qee cov tshuaj lom neeg roj teeb siv cov ntaub ntawv cobalt-based (piv txwv li, LCO lossis NMC) los txhim kho kev ruaj khov thiab lub zog ceev. Txawm hais tias tsis yog "hlau" hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov qauv zoo li pob txha, cobalt yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv electrochemical roj teeb.
Vim yog kev ruaj khov thiab kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm cov teeb meem kev khawb av, kev lag luam txuas ntxiv tsim cov roj teeb uas muaj cov ntsiab lus cobalt qis dua, tab sis cobalt tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv ntau lub roj teeb.
10. Tantalum (Tantalum)
Tantalum feem ntau siv rau hauv tantalum capacitors, cov khoom me me uas khaws thiab tswj cov nqi hluav taws xob. Hom capacitor no paub txog:
- Me me nrog lub peev xwm loj
- Ruaj khov ntawm qee qhov kub thiab txias
- Txhim khu kev qha rau cov hluav taws xob circuits
Cov capacitors Tantalum feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv motherboards, graphics cards, thiab compact computing devices. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias tantalum yog txuam nrog "kev tsis sib haum xeeb minerals" teeb meem (hauv qee cov khoom xa tuaj), cov chaw tsim khoom loj feem ntau muaj cov cai nruj dua.
Kev kaw
Kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv computer yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov thev naus laus zis siab thiab kev xaiv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb heev. Tooj liab zoo heev rau txoj kev hluav taws xob thiab kev hloov pauv cua sov, txhuas yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau cov qauv sib dua thiab cov dab dej cua sov, kub thiab nickel tswj kev sib txuas zoo, tin ua lub hauv paus ntawm cov solder, thiab hlau muab lub zog kho tshuab rau lub chassis. Cov hlau zoo li cobalt thiab tantalum, ntawm qhov tod tes, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov roj teeb thiab txhawb nqa cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Kev nkag siab txog cov hom hlau siv hauv computer pab peb pom tias cov khoom siv digital tsis yog "chips" thiab "software," tab sis kuj yog cov haujlwm nyuaj ntawm kev tsim khoom siv hauv kev lag luam.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem ntxiv ib ntu tshwj xeeb uas piav qhia txog cov hlau ntawm txhua qhov khoom (CPU, GPU, RAM, motherboard, SSD/HDD, PSU, thiab case) kom ua rau tsab xov xwm muaj qauv zoo li ib qho module kawm.
