Yuav Ua Li Cas Thiaj Ua Tau Cov Hlau Zinc Alloy Rau Cov Tshuab Ua Lag Luam
Zinc yog ib hom hlau uas tsis yog ferrous uas siv dav hauv kev lag luam vim nws yooj yim rau pwm, muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo, thiab pheej yig. Hauv kev siv tshuab hauv kev lag luam, zinc tsis tshua siv ua hlau ntshiab; zinc alloys yog ntau dua vim lawv cov khoom siv kho tshuab tuaj yeem txhim kho - piv txwv li, lub zog tensile, hardness, hnav tsis kam, thiab dimensional stability. Tsab xov xwm no tham txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua zinc alloys rau cov khoom siv tshuab hauv kev lag luam, los ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom sib xyaw thiab kev npaj cov khoom siv mus rau kev yaj thiab casting, mus rau kev tswj xyuas zoo.
1. Nkag Siab Txog Qhov Xav Tau Cov Cheebtsam Tshuab Lag Luam
Ua ntej tsim ib qho hlau sib xyaw, xub txiav txim siab seb yuav siv li cas. Cov khoom siv hauv tshuab kev lag luam uas feem ntau siv cov hlau sib xyaw zinc suav nrog cov iav me me, cov npog, cov brackets, cov pulleys sib dua, cov bushings tsis tseem ceeb, cov khoom siv mechanism, thiab cov khoom siv die-casting. Cov kev cai rau txhua qhov khoom sib txawv, piv txwv li:
- Lub zog thiab hardness kom withstand loads los yog kev sib txhuam
- Kev tiv thaiv corrosion rau cov chaw noo noo lossis kev raug cov tshuaj lom neeg me me
- Yooj yim ntawm cov txheej txheem (casting / die casting) rau kev tsim khoom loj ruaj khov
- Kev tiv thaiv creep (qeeb deformation) ntawm qee qhov kub ua haujlwm
Zinc muaj qhov kub yaj qis dua (kwv yees li 419°C), ua rau nws cov txheej txheem yaj siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua li txhuas lossis hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hlau zinc kuj tseem rhiab heev rau cov khoom sib xyaw thiab kev ua qias tuaj, ua rau kev tswj hwm txheej txheem tseem ceeb.
2. Xaiv Hom Zinc Alloy Zoo
Hauv kev lag luam, cov zinc alloys nrov yog tsev neeg ZAMAK (Zinc-Aluminum-Magnesium-Kupfer/tooj liab) thiab ntau cov zinc-aluminum (ZA) alloys. Kev xaiv cov alloy txiav txim siab qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom thiab yooj yim ntawm kev tsim khoom.
1. ZAMAK 3
Feem ntau siv rau kev tuag casting, ruaj khov, yooj yim rau kev ua, qhov chaw tiav zoo. Haum rau ntau yam khoom siv tshuab uas tsis xav tau lub zog loj heev.
2. ZAMAK 5
Zoo ib yam li ZAMAK 3 tab sis muaj cov tooj liab ntau dua, ua rau nws muaj zog dua thiab tiv taus kev hnav. Haum rau cov khoom uas xav tau lub zog siab dua.
3. ZA-8, ZA-12, ZA-27 (Zinc-Aluminium)
Feem ntau muaj zog dua thiab tiv taus kev hnav, tab sis cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem nyuaj dua nyob ntawm txoj kev casting.
Kev xaiv cov alloys yuav tsum xav txog cov qauv khoom siv hauv lub tuam txhab lossis xa mus rau cov qauv kev lag luam (piv txwv li ASTM / ISO) kom cov lus qhia meej sib xws.
3. Cov Khoom Siv Raw: Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Huv thiab Kev Tsis Huv
Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov zinc alloy nyob ntawm seb cov zinc huv npaum li cas thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntxiv. Tej yam yuav tsum xav txog:
– Siv cov zinc ingots zoo (qib kev lag luam tsim nyog) kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), thiab tin (Sn) tsis tshaj qhov txwv. Qee yam khoom tsis huv tuaj yeem txo qhov tawv, ua rau tawg, lossis ua kom cov xeb ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke sai dua.
- Cov ntsiab lus sib xyaw ua ke:
- Aluminium (Al): ua rau lub zog, qhov nyuaj thiab pwm yooj yim dua
- Magnesium (Mg): txhim kho kev ruaj khov thiab pab txo qee yam kev oxidations
– Tooj Liab (Cu): ua rau muaj zog thiab tiv taus kev hnav, tab sis yog tias siab dhau tuaj yeem txo qhov ductility thiab cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj khov mus sij hawm ntev.
Hauv kev xyaum ua haujlwm hauv Hoobkas, feem ntau cov khoom sib xyaw yog tswj los ntawm kev ntsuas thiab ntxiv cov hlau nplaum rau qhov tseeb dua.
4. Kev Npaj Cov Khoom Siv Melting
Cov zinc alloys yog ua nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg uas muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov kub thiab txias. Cov kev npaj tseem ceeb suav nrog:
– Lub Crucible (kowi) los yog lub cub tawg uas haum rau cov zinc uas yaj (cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum sib xws kom tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj).
- Cov cuab yeej ntsuas kub kom raug (thermocouple).
- Flux/npog roj yog tias xav tau kom txo qhov oxidation ntawm qhov chaw.
- Lub tshuab stirrer uas tiv taus cua sov rau homogenization.
Vim nws qhov melting point qis, zinc yaj tau yooj yim, tab sis nws kuj tsim cov oxides sai sai rau ntawm qhov chaw. Cov oxides ntau dhau tuaj yeem raug nqa mus thaum lub sijhawm nchuav thiab ua rau muaj qhov porosity lossis qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom.
5. Kev yaj thiab kev sib tov (Kev sib xyaw)
Cov theem dav dav ntawm kev ua cov zinc alloys:
1. Yaj cov zinc puag
Ua kom sov cov zinc kom txog thaum nws yaj thiab nyob hauv qhov kub ua haujlwm tsim nyog (txaus kom cov kua ruaj khov, tab sis tsis txhob ntau dhau kom tiv thaiv kev oxidation kom tsis txhob nce ntxiv).
2. Ntxiv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke
Cov txhuas, magnesium, thiab tooj liab raug ntxiv raws li cov khoom sib xyaw. Feem ntau yuav ntxiv maj mam kom yaj sai thiab yooj yim tswj. Yuav tsum do kom sib npaug zos.
3. Tswj cov oxidation thiab cov khib nyiab
Cov khib nyiab (cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov oxides) feem ntau tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov kua. Cov khib nyiab yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm kom zoo kom tsis txhob sib xyaw nrog cov kua. Yog tias cov txheej txheem xav tau flux, nws siv yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom kom tsis txhob tsim cov khoom seem uas yuav ua rau qhov zoo tsis zoo.
4. Kev sib xyaw ua ke
Tom qab tag nrho cov khoom xyaw yaj tag, cov kua dej raug do thiab tuav rau ib lub sijhawm teev tseg kom ntseeg tau tias muaj cov khoom sib xws. Hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam, theem no feem ntau ua raws li kev kuaj rau kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom sib xyaw.
6. Kev Ua Casting: Tuag Casting lossis Lub ntiajteb txawj nqus Casting
Rau cov khoom siv hauv kev lag luam, txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws yog kev tuag casting (siab siab) vim nws tsim cov duab meej, cov nto du, thiab tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, rau kev tsim khoom me me lossis cov khoom yooj yim, kev casting gravity kuj tseem siv tau.
Cov yam yuav tsum tau them sai sai thaum ua dej haus:
- Qhov kub ntawm cov kua yuav tsum yog qhov tseeb kom cov dej ntws zoo thiab tsis ua rau txias kaw (qhov tsis zoo vim cov dej ntws khov sai dhau).
- Lub pwm yuav tsum huv thiab, thaum lub sijhawm casting, siv cov roj nplua nyeem raws li qhov xav tau.
- Lub qhov rooj vag thiab qhov cua tsim txiav txim siab qhov ntau ntawm porosity thiab cua ntes.
Rau cov khoom ntawm lub cav, qhov porosity sab hauv tuaj yeem txo qhov muaj zog thiab ua rau muaj qhov xau thaum cov khoom ua haujlwm ua lub tsev kaw.
7. Kev Txias thiab Kev Kho Mob Tom Qab Casting
Tom qab casting, cov khoom raug txias thiab cov txheej txheem tiav lawm:
- Kev txiav kom tshem tawm cov khiav, rooj vag thiab lub teeb
- Kev siv tshuab (yog tias xav tau) rau qhov kev kam rau siab
- Kev tshem tawm thiab ntug du
– Cov txheej txheem xaiv tau, piv txwv li kom txhim kho kev tiv thaiv xeb lossis kev zoo nkauj. Cov hlau zinc feem ntau yog electroplated, nyob ntawm qhov xav tau.
Qee daim ntawv thov xav tau kev ruaj khov mus sij hawm ntev. Yog li ntawd, kev tswj hwm cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov txheej txheem txias yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
8. Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo: Kev Sib Xyaws, Cov Qauv, thiab Cov Khoom Siv Kho Tshuab
Yuav kom paub tseeb tias cov zinc alloys haum rau cov tshuab ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam, yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas zoo tas li:
1. Kev ntsuam xyuas cov tshuaj lom neeg
Siv lub spectrometer/OES lossis lwm txoj kev tshuaj xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom sib xyaw ua tau raws li cov lus qhia.
2. Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom pov tseg
Kev tshuaj xyuas pom, X-ray (radiography) rau qhov porosity sab hauv, lossis cov xim nkag mus rau qhov tawg ntawm qhov chaw.
3. Kev sim tshuab
Kev xeem tawv, kev xeem tensile, thiab kev xeem tiv thaiv kev hnav raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom.
4. Kev ntsuas qhov ntev
Siv CMM lossis cov cuab yeej ntsuas qhov tseeb kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev kam rau siab tau ua tiav - qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv tshuab.
9. Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb Ib puag ncig
Cov kua zinc tseem muaj kev phom sij thiab yuav tsum tau ua nrog OHS cov txheej txheem:
– Siv cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kab mob (PPE) tag nrho (cov khoom tiv thaiv kub, hnab looj tes, lub ntsej muag tiv thaiv).
- Xyuas kom cov khoom qhuav tag; kev sib cuag nrog dej tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij.
- Yuav tsum muaj cua nkag zoo vim tias cov txheej txheem hlau tuaj yeem tsim cov pa luam yeeb / cov khoom me me.
- Cov khib nyiab thiab cov khoom seem yuav tsum tau tswj hwm raws li cov cai ib puag ncig.
10. Xaus Lus
Kev ua cov zinc alloys rau cov tshuab kev lag luam tsis yog tsuas yog hais txog kev sib xyaw zinc nrog ob peb yam khoom ntxiv xwb, tab sis yog hais txog kev ua tiav cov khoom sib xyaw zoo, cov txheej txheem yaj ruaj khov, tswj kev nchuav, thiab kev tswj xyuas zoo. Los ntawm kev xaiv cov alloy zoo (piv txwv li, ZAMAK 3 lossis ZAMAK 5), siv cov khoom siv raw zoo, thiab siv cov txheej txheem casting zoo, zinc alloys tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv tshuab kev lag luam uas raug, muaj zog, thiab pheej yig.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem pab koj tsim ib qho version ntawm tsab xov xwm no nrog cov piv txwv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw (piv txwv li, ZAMAK 3 vs. ZAMAK 5), cov txheej txheem rau kev tuag casting, thiab cov npe ntawm cov QC parameters siv feem ntau hauv cov chaw tsim khoom.
