Yuav Ua Li Cas Thiaj Ua Tau Cov Hlau Stainless Alloy
Cov hlau tsis xeb, lossis feem ntau hu ua "stainless steel," yog ib yam khoom siv uas siv ntau hauv ntau yam lag luam thiab kev siv, txij li cov riam diav mus rau kev tsim kho vaj tse siab. Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb yog nws txoj kev tiv taus xeb thiab kev ruaj khov siab. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tham txog cov kauj ruam ntxaws ntxaws hauv cov txheej txheem tsim cov hlau tsis xeb, txij li cov khoom siv raw mus rau cov khoom tiav.
1. Kev Xaiv Cov Khoom Siv Raw
1.1. Hlau
Cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov hlau tsis xeb yog hlau ore. Cov hlau ore no yog rho tawm los ntawm cov chaw tsuas, feem ntau yog hematite lossis magnetite. Cov hlau ore ces dhau los ntawm ntau yam txheej txheem refining kom nce nws cov hlau muaj pes tsawg leeg.
1.2. Chromium
Chromium yog lwm yam tseem ceeb hauv cov hlau tsis xeb, uas muaj tsawg kawg yog 10.5% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw. Chromium muab cov hlau no rau nws cov yam ntxwv tiv taus xeb. Chromium tau los ntawm cov zaub mov xws li chromite.
1.3. Xeb
Feem ntau nickel raug ntxiv rau hauv kom ua rau nws yooj ywm dua thiab tiv taus oxidation thaum kub siab. Nickel feem ntau tau los ntawm cov chaw xws li laterite thiab nickel sulfide.
1.4. Cov Khoom Siv Ntxiv
Lwm cov khoom uas feem ntau ntxiv rau hauv cov hlau tsis xeb yog molybdenum, manganese, silicon, nitrogen, thiab carbon. Txhua yam ntawm cov khoom no muab cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb xws li lub zog kho tshuab lossis kev tiv taus kev hnav.
2. Cov Txheej Txheem Yaj
2.1. Kev Tsim Hlau Npua
Kauj ruam thawj zaug hauv kev smelting yog kev tsim cov hlau npua. Cov khoom siv raw raug pub rau hauv lub cub tawg thiab yaj ntawm qhov kub heev. Cov txheej txheem no cais cov hlau ntawm cov khoom siv tsis siv seem. Cov khoom tsim tau yog hlau npua, uas muaj cov pa roj carbon, silicon, sulfur, thiab phosphorus.
2.2. Decarburization
Kauj ruam tom ntej yog txo cov pa roj carbon hauv cov hlau npua los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu ua decarburization. Qhov no feem ntau ua tiav hauv lub tshuab hloov pauv oxygen yooj yim lossis lub cub hluav taws xob arc (EAF). Hauv txoj kev EAF, cov electrodes graphite siv los tsim cov kub siab heev, ua rau decarburization.
2.3. Kev sib xyaw ua ke
Tom qab cov pa roj carbon raug txo qis, cov khoom siv sib xyaw xws li chromium, nickel, molybdenum, thiab lwm yam raug ntxiv rau hauv cov khoom yaj. Cov txheej txheem ntxiv no xav tau kev saib xyuas zoo thiab kev ua kom raug, vim tias cov khoom sib xyaw tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom kawg ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb puas tsuaj.
3. Kev Ruaj Khov thiab Kev Ntsuas
3.1. Kev sib xyaw ua ke
Tom qab ntxiv cov khoom siv alloying, cov hlau molten yuav tsum tau homogenized, feem ntau hauv lub cub tawg induction kom ntseeg tau tias txhua yam khoom alloying tau faib sib npaug thoob plaws hauv cov hlau molten.
3.2. Casting
Kauj ruam tom ntej yog pov cov hlau uas yaj lawm rau hauv pwm kom ua tau ib daim hlau billet, bloom, lossis slab. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm ntau txoj kev, xws li die casting, sand casting, lossis continuous casting.
3.3. Kev Ntsuas Zoo
Tom qab cov hlau raug pov tseg, cov khoom siv uas tau los ntawm cov hlau no yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ntau yam zoo, xws li kev kuaj tensile, kev kuaj hardness, kev kuaj impact, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas tshuaj lom neeg. Lub hom phiaj yog xyuas kom meej tias cov hlau stainless muaj cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab uas xav tau.
4. Cov Txheej Txheem Ua Haujlwm Siab Tshaj Plaws
4.1. Kub Rolling
Cov billets, blooms, lossis slabs uas tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem casting feem ntau loj dhau thiab ntxhib heev uas yuav tsum tau siv ncaj qha thiab yog li ntawd xav tau kev ua tiav ntxiv los ntawm kev dov kub. Nyob rau theem no, cov hlau raug rov ua kom sov thiab dov rau hauv cov ntawv nyias dua, cov tuav, lossis cov profiles.
4.2. Kev thov lees paub
Tom qab dov kub, cov hlau yuav dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem annealing kom txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv thiab ua kom ntev dua. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev ua kom cov hlau kub mus rau qhov kub tshwj xeeb thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txias nws.
4.3. Txias dov
Yuav kom ua tiav qhov tuab thiab qhov tiav ntawm qhov chaw, cov hlau ntawv ces raug dov txias. Kev dov txias yog ua tiav ntawm chav tsev kub thiab ua rau cov hlau tsis xeb du thiab muaj cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo dua.
4.4. Kev muab kua txob
Cov txheej txheem pickling suav nrog kev tshem tawm cov oxides thiab cov nplai ntawm cov hlau nto siv cov kua qaub. Qhov no ua rau cov hlau stainless hlau zoo nkauj dua thiab txhim kho nws txoj kev tiv thaiv xeb.
5. Kev Ua Tiav thiab Kev Tsim Khoom
5.1. Nto ua kom tiav
Tom qab ua tiav ntau yam txheej txheem, cov hlau tsis xeb tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam xim tiav nyob ntawm seb xav tau kev siv li cas. Qee qhov kev xaiv tiav nto suav nrog txhuam, txhuam kom du, iav, lossis matte.
5.2. Kev kho cua sov
Tej zaum yuav tsum tau kho cua sov ntxiv kom hloov cov khoom siv ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb, nyob ntawm seb nws siv li cas. Qee txoj kev siv suav nrog kev quenching, tempering, thiab carburizing.
5.3. Kev Siv Tshuab thiab Kev Tsim Khoom
Cov hlau tsis xeb feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo nkauj thiab ua kom raws li cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb. Qhov no tuaj yeem suav nrog kev txiav, khoov, vuam, thiab ntau yam txheej txheem tsim khoom.
5.4. Kev Pov Hwm Zoo
Kauj ruam kawg yog xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom zoo los ntawm kev sim ntxiv thiab kev tshuaj xyuas pom. Cov khoom kawg ces raug ntim thiab npaj rau kev faib rau cov neeg siv khoom lossis cov lag luam uas xav tau.
Xaus
Kev tsim cov hlau tsis xeb yog ib qho txheej txheem nyuaj uas muaj ntau theem, txij li kev rho tawm cov khoom siv raw, kev sib xyaw, kev sib xyaw, kev casting, dov, kev annealing, pickling, mus rau kev ua tiav thiab kev tsim khoom. Kev ua tiav ntawm txhua theem ntawm cov txheej txheem txiav txim siab qhov zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom hlau tsis xeb kawg. Txawm hais tias muaj kev cov nyom, hlau tsis xeb tseem yog ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv tau ntau yam thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no.
