Yuav Ua Li Cas Xam Cov Nqi Tsim Khoom: Ib Phau Ntawv Qhia Tag Nrho Rau Cov Tswv Lag Luam
Txhua lub lag luam, loj lossis me, yuav tsum nkag siab zoo txog cov nqi tsim khoom. Cov nqi tsim khoom yog txhua yam nuj nqis uas tshwm sim hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom lossis cov kev pabcuam. Kev suav cov nqi tsim khoom kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab tus nqi muag khoom, tswj cov peev nyiaj, thiab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig xav tau.
Tsab xov xwm no yuav tham txog yuav ua li cas xam cov nqi tsim khoom nrog cov kauj ruam hauv qab no, pib los ntawm kev nkag siab yooj yim mus rau kev suav ntxaws ntxaws.
1. Nkag Siab Txog Cov Hom Nqi Tsim Khoom
Ua ntej yuav mus xam lej, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog ntau hom nqi tsim khoom. Feem ntau, cov nqi tsim khoom muaj peb pawg:
a. Cov Nqi Khoom Siv Raw
Cov nqi khoom siv raw yog cov nqi siv los yuav cov khoom siv raw uas yuav raug ua tiav rau hauv cov khoom tiav. Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv raw suav nrog ntoo rau cov tuam txhab rooj tog, ntaub rau kev lag luam khaub ncaws, lossis tshuaj rau cov khoom siv pleev kom zoo nkauj.
b. Cov Nqi Ua Haujlwm Ncaj Qha
Cov nqi zog ua haujlwm ncaj qha yog cov nyiaj hli thiab cov nyiaj hli them rau cov neeg ua haujlwm uas koom nrog ncaj qha rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Piv txwv li, cov nyiaj hli ntawm tus kws ntoo hauv lub Hoobkas rooj tog lossis cov nyiaj hli ntawm tus kws txiav khaub ncaws hauv lub Hoobkas khaub ncaws.
c. Cov Nqi Siv Nyiaj Ntau Tshaj Produksi
Cov nqi tsim khoom suav nrog txhua yam nqi tsis ncaj qha uas tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom. Cov nqi no tuaj yeem suav nrog cov nqi xauj tsev Hoobkas, cov nqi hluav taws xob (hluav taws xob, dej, roj), kev kho thiab txij nkawm tshuab, thiab cov nqi tswj hwm thiab kev tswj hwm.
2. Kev Sau Cov Ntaub Ntawv Txog Tus Nqi Tsim Khoom
Kauj ruam thib ob yog sau cov ntaub ntawv txog txhua tus nqi uas suav nrog hauv peb pawg saum toj no. Nov yog ib txoj hauv kev uas koj tuaj yeem ua tau:
a. Kev Txheeb Xyuas Tus Nqi Khoom Siv Raw
Sau tag nrho cov nuj nqis ntawm cov khoom siv raw txhua hnub, txhua lub lim tiam, lossis txhua hli. Khaws cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog txhua qhov kev lag luam, suav nrog tus nqi yuav khoom, ntau npaum li cas yuav, thiab hnub yuav khoom.
b. Xam Cov Nqi Ua Haujlwm Ncaj Qha
Cov nyiaj hli rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem suav tau txhua hli, txhua lub lim tiam, lossis raws li cov sijhawm ua haujlwm. Tsis txhob hnov qab suav nrog cov nyiaj pub dawb thiab lwm yam txiaj ntsig uas tau muab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm.
c. Kev Sau Cov Nqi Siv Tag Nrho
Cov nqi siv tag nrho yuav txawv ntau heev thiab yuav tsum tau xam kom zoo zoo. Sau tag nrho cov nqi uas tsis yog cov khoom siv ncaj qha thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm; qhov no tuaj yeem suav nrog cov nqi hluav taws xob, nqi xauj tsev, kev pov hwm, kev kho, thiab cov nqi tswj hwm.
3. Xam Tag Nrho Cov Nqi Tsim Khoom
Yuav nrhiav tau tag nrho cov nqi tsim khoom, tsuas yog muab tag nrho cov nqi los ntawm ntau pawg sib txawv los sib ntxiv. Nov yog cov qauv yooj yim uas koj siv tau:
Tag Nrho Cov Nqi Tsim Khoom = Cov Nqi Khoom Siv Raw + Cov Nqi Ua Haujlwm Ncaj Qha + Cov Nqi Siv Nyiaj Ntau Tshaj
Piv txwv rooj plaub:
Piv txwv li, ib lub tuam txhab rooj tog xav xam cov nqi tsim khoom rau ib hlis.
– Cov nqi khoom siv raw: Rp. 50.000.000
– Cov nqi ua haujlwm ncaj qha: Rp. 30.000.000
– Cov nqi siv tag nrho: Rp. 20.000.000
Tag Nrho Tus Nqi Tsim Khoom = Rp 50.000.000 + Rp 30.000.000 + Rp 20.000.000 = Rp 100.000.000
4. Xam Tus Nqi Tsim Khoom Ib Chav
Thaum koj paub tag nrho cov nqi tsim khoom, kauj ruam tom ntej yog xam tus nqi tsim khoom ib chav. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab tus nqi muag khoom kom raug. Txhawm rau xam tus nqi tsim khoom ib chav, siv cov qauv hauv qab no:
Tus nqi tsim khoom ib chav = Tag nrho tus nqi tsim khoom / Tag nrho cov chav tsim tawm
Piv txwv rooj plaub:
Yog tias lub tuam txhab rooj tog tsim tawm 500 units ntawm rooj tog hauv ib hlis, ces:
Tus nqi tsim khoom ib chav = Rp. 100.000.000 / 500 = Rp. 200.000
5. Txiav Txim Siab Tus Nqi Muag Khoom
Tom qab txiav txim siab tus nqi tsim khoom ib chav, kauj ruam tom ntej yog txiav txim siab tus nqi muag. Tus nqi muag yuav tsum suav nrog cov nqi tsim khoom thiab cov nyiaj tau los uas xav tau. Cov qauv siv yog:
Tus Nqi Muag = Tus Nqi Tsim Khoom Ib Chav + (Tus Nqi Tsim Khoom Ib Chav x Qhov Nyiaj Tau Los)
Piv txwv rooj plaub:
Piv txwv li, yog tias lub tuam txhab rooj tog xav tau qhov nyiaj tau los ntawm 30%, ces tus nqi muag ib chav tsev raug suav raws li hauv qab no:
Cov nyiaj tau los = 30% ntawm Rp. 200.000 = Rp. 60.000
Nqe Muag = Rp. 200.000 + Rp. 60.000 = Rp. 260.000
6. Xav txog tej yam sab nraud
Kev txiav txim siab tus nqi muag khoom tsis tuaj yeem yog raws li tus nqi tsim khoom thiab cov nyiaj tau los xwb. Muaj ntau yam sab nraud uas yuav tsum tau xav txog, suav nrog:
a. Kev Sib Tw Ua Lag Luam
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov nqi muag khoom ntawm cov neeg sib tw tuaj yeem muab kev nkag siab txog kev ywj pheej ntawm tus nqi. Tsis txhob teem koj tus nqi muag siab dhau piv rau tus nqi lag luam tshwj tsis yog tias koj muab tus nqi ntxiv tseem ceeb.
b. Cov xwm txheej kev lag luam
Kev nce nqi, tus nqi pauv nyiaj txawv teb chaws, thiab cov xwm txheej macroeconomic dav dav tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub zog yuav khoom ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov nqi tsim khoom.
c. Kev Muab Khoom thiab Kev Xav Tau
Yuav tsum tau coj los xav txog txoj cai yooj yim ntawm kev lag luam, kev muab khoom thiab kev thov khoom. Yog tias kev thov khoom siab thiab kev muab khoom tsawg, koj tuaj yeem teem tus nqi siab dua.
7. Siv Tshuab rau Kev Tswj Tus Nqi
Niaj hnub nim no, muaj ntau yam software suav nyiaj thiab tswj kev tsim khoom los pab suav thiab saib xyuas cov nqi tsim khoom. Los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis, koj tuaj yeem txo qhov yuam kev thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
a. Cov Kev Pabcuam Txog Kev Tswj Nyiaj Txiag
Siv cov software accounting xws li QuickBooks, Xero, lossis MYOB los ua cov ntaub ntawv no. sau thiab tswj cov kev lag luam nyiaj txiag thiab cov nqi tsim khoom.
b. ERP (Kev Npaj Cov Khoom Siv Rau Lub Tuam Txhab)
ERP yog ib lub tshuab tswj hwm uas koom ua ke txhua yam ntawm kev lag luam, suav nrog kev tswj hwm kev tsim khoom. ERP software xws li SAP, Oracle, lossis Odoo tuaj yeem pab tau zoo heev rau kev tswj cov nqi tsim khoom nyuaj.
8. Kev Ntsuam Xyuas thiab Kev Hloov Kho Tsis Tu Ncua
Cov nqi tsim khoom tsis yog qhov ruaj khov; lawv tuaj yeem hloov pauv raws sijhawm vim muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov nqi khoom siv raw, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov nyiaj hli ua haujlwm, lossis cov nuj nqis tsis tau xav txog. Yog li ntawd, kev ntsuam xyuas thiab kev hloov kho cov nqi tsim khoom tsis tu ncua yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam kom sib tw thiab muaj txiaj ntsig.
a. Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Tus Nqi Tsim Khoom
Ua kev tshuaj xyuas cov nqi tsim khoom tsis tu ncua kom ntseeg tau tias txhua yam nuj nqis raug sau tseg kom raug thiab ua tau zoo.
b. Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom
Tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem tsim khoom kom nrhiav tau txoj hauv kev los ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua thiab txo cov nqi yam tsis tas yuav txo qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom.
c. Kev Kho Tus Nqi Muag Khoom
Yog tias muaj kev hloov pauv loj heev ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom, tsis txhob yig los hloov koj tus nqi muag khoom. Nco ntsoov qhia meej meej rau koj cov neeg siv khoom txog cov laj thawj ntawm kev hloov tus nqi.
Xaus
Kev xam cov nqi tsim khoom yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm kev lag luam. Kev nkag siab zoo txog ntau hom nqi, kev sau cov ntaub ntawv kom raug, thiab kev xam kom raug tuaj yeem pab txiav txim siab txog cov nqi muag khoom sib tw thiab tau txiaj ntsig. Nrog kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev ntsuam xyuas tsis tu ncua, koj tuaj yeem ua kom koj txoj kev lag luam ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab hloov kho tau raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua lag luam.
