Nā ʻano o nā Turbines a me kā lākou noi ma nā ʻōnaehana mana Hydroelectric
ʻO nā mea kanu mana hydroelectric (PLTA) kahi kumu ikehu hou koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pono uila honua. ʻO kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o kahi mea kanu mana hydroelectric ka turbine, ka mea e hoʻololi i ka ikehu kinetic o ka wai i ikehu mechanical e hoʻokele i kahi mīkini hana. Aia nā ʻano turbine like ʻole, kēlā me kēia me nā ʻano kikoʻī a me nā noi. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e kūkākūkā mākou i nā ʻano turbine i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea kanu mana hydroelectric a pehea e hoʻopili ʻia ai kēlā me kēia ʻano i kahi ʻōnaehana mana hydroelectric.
1. Pelton Turbine
ʻO ka turbine Pelton kahi ʻano turbine impulse i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā wahi me nā pae wai kiʻekiʻe a me nā kahe haʻahaʻa. Hana kēia turbine ma ke kumumanaʻo e paʻi ka wai e puka ana mai kahi nozzle i kahi ʻeke ma ka huila turbine. ʻO kēia kahe wai ikehu kiʻekiʻe e hoʻoulu ai i ka huila turbine e wili me ka pono kiʻekiʻe.
noi:
He kūpono nā mīkini hoʻoheheʻe Pelton no nā hale hana mana i loaʻa ma nā wahi mauna a i ʻole nā wahi me nā paipu kiʻekiʻe e ʻike ana i ka hāʻule nui ʻana. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ka nui o nā hale hana mana hydroelectric ma Norewai i nā mīkini hoʻoheheʻe Pelton no ka mea makemake ka ʻāina puʻu i kēia ʻano mīkini hoʻoheheʻe.
2. ʻO ka mīkini hoʻoheheʻe Francis
ʻO ka turbine maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻōnaehana hydropower ʻo ia ka turbine Francis. Hana kēia ʻano turbine reaction ma ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma o nā lau stator i loko o ka rotor wili. Hiki i nā turbine Francis ke hana maikaʻi i nā ʻano hāʻule wai a me ke kahe ʻana, e hoʻolilo ana iā lākou i mea maʻalahi loa.
noi:
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā turbine Francis i nā hale hana mana hydroelectric me nā kiʻekiʻe hāʻule waena a kiʻekiʻe a me nā nui kahe waena a nui. Hoʻohana nā papahana hydroelectric nui e like me ka Three Gorges Hydroelectric Power Plant ma Kina i nā turbine Francis.
3. Kaplan Turbine
ʻO kekahi ʻano turbine i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā hale hana mana hydroelectric ʻo ia ka turbine Kaplan. He turbine hopena propeller-driven kēia me nā pahi hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia. Ua hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia ka turbine Kaplan no nā kiʻekiʻe hāʻule haʻahaʻa a me nā kahe wai kiʻekiʻe.
noi:
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mīkini turbine Kaplan ma nā muliwai nui me ka nui o ka wai akā he liʻiliʻi nā ʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā mea i loaʻa i nā hale hana mana ma nā muliwai nui ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, e like me nā muliwai ʻo Danube a me Mississippi.
4. Turbine Turgo
He ʻano like ʻole ka turbine Turgo o ka turbine impulse, e like me ka turbine Pelton, akā kūpono no nā kahe wai kiʻekiʻe a me nā hāʻule haʻahaʻa. Hoʻohana kēia turbine i kahi jet wai e kuʻi ana i nā lau turbine ma kahi kihi kikoʻī e hoʻokele i ka rotor.
noi:
Ma muli o ka ʻoi aku o ka pono o nā Turbines Turgo i nā kahe kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me Pelton Turbines, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou i nā mea kanu mana liʻiliʻi a waena i nā wahi me nā hāʻule kaulike a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā kahe, i loaʻa i nā papahana micro-hydro he nui a puni ka honua, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma Greenland a me nā ʻāpana o ʻAmelika Hema.
5. Turbine Crossflow (Banki-Michell)
ʻO nā turbine crossflow a i ʻole i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa nā turbine Banki-Michell he mau turbine impulse i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā noi me ka hāʻule haʻahaʻa a me ke kaulike a me ke kahe wai loli. Kahe ka wai ma o ka turbine ma ke kuhikuhi transverse, e hāʻawi ana i ka ikaika mechanical nui.
noi:
Hoʻohana ʻia nā turbine crossflow i nā hale hana mana micro- a me mini-hydroelectric, kūpono no nā kauhale mamao a i ʻole nā wahi kuaʻāina e pono ai kahi hopena ikehu maʻalahi e kūkulu a haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai. ʻO nā papahana ma Nepal a me Indonesia he mau laʻana o ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o kēia ʻano turbine.
6. Ipu Turbine
ʻO ka turbine kukui, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he turbine tubular, he ʻano turbine Kaplan i hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia e hana ma lalo o ka wai ma nā pā a i ʻole nā puka sluice. Loaʻa i kēia mau turbine kā lākou mau ʻāpana generator i hoʻopuni ʻia i loko o kahi hale paʻa wai (ka kukui), e ʻae ana i ka hoʻololi ikehu kiʻekiʻe.
noi:
ʻO ka maʻamau, loaʻa nā mea kanu mana hydroelectric turbine kukui ma nā wahi kahe haʻahaʻa, nā wahi hāʻule haʻahaʻa, e like me nā deltas muliwai a i ʻole nā wahi kai. Hiki ke loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻenehana ma kekahi mau pā wai muliwai nui ma Kōlea Hema.
Koho ʻana o Turbine ma muli o nā kūlana hydrological
ʻO ke koho ʻana o ke ʻano turbine e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i nā kūlana hydrological ma kahi o ka hale hana mana. Hoʻopilikia kekahi mau kumu i kēia koho, me:
1. Poʻo (Hōʻule): ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka kulu wai e kaupalena i ke ʻano o ka turbine hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia. He kūpono nā turbine Pelton no nā poʻo kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā turbine Kaplan no nā poʻo haʻahaʻa.
2. Ka wikiwiki o ke kahe ʻana: ʻO ka nui o ke kahe wai e loaʻa ana e hoʻoholo nui i ka pono o ka turbine. He kūpono ke kahe haʻahaʻa no nā turbine Pelton, ʻoiai he kūpono ke kahe kiʻekiʻe no nā turbine Kaplan a i ʻole nā bulb.
3. Ka loli ʻana o ke kahe wai: ʻO ka hiki ke loli i ke kahe wai i loko o ka makahiki e hoʻopili pū i ke koho turbine. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā turbine me nā pahi hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia, e like me ka Kaplan, i ka lawelawe ʻana i nā kahe like ʻole ma mua o nā turbine static.
ʻenehana hou a me ka wā e hiki mai ana
Me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana, ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu ʻana o nā turbine hydroelectric. Ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā ʻenehana hou e like me ka mana kikohoʻe a me ka nānā ʻana ma muli o IoT (Internet of Things) e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono a me ka hilinaʻi o nā hana turbine hydro. Ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi ʻana i nā mea composite māmā a me nā hoʻolālā aerodynamic hou e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana a hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai mālama.
Eia kekahi, ʻo nā turbine hou e like me nā turbine aloha iʻa i hoʻolālā ʻia e hōʻemi i ka hopena kaiaola i ke ola wai e lilo nei i mea nui i ka hoʻolālā turbine hou.
Ka hopena
ʻO nā Turbines ka puʻuwai o kahi ʻōnaehana hydropower, a ʻo ke koho ʻana o ke ʻano turbine e hoʻopilikia nui i ka hana, ka pono, a me ke kūpaʻa o ka hale hana mana. Me nā ʻano turbine like ʻole i loaʻa, me Pelton, Francis, Kaplan, Turgo, Crossflow, a me Bulb, hiki i kēlā me kēia wahi ke koho i ka turbine i kūpono loa i kona mau kūlana hydrological. Ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻenehana i ka holomua, e hāʻawi ana i nā hopena hou a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka hana hydropower, e lilo ia i hoʻokahi o nā kumu ikehu hou koʻikoʻi i ka ʻimi honua no ka ikehu maʻemaʻe a hoʻomau.
