ʻO Eris ma ka ʻōnaehana lā
ʻO Eris kekahi o nā mea hoihoi loa i ka ʻōnaehana solar hou, ʻaʻole ma muli o kona nui nui, akā ma muli o kāna kuleana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā kānaka i nā hōkūhele. Mai kona ʻike ʻia ʻana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 21, ua lilo ʻo Eris i waenakonu o ke kūkākūkā ʻepekema, a ua alakaʻi hope loa i kahi wehewehe hou o kahi hōkūhele. ʻOiai he mamao, anuanu, a palupalu, loaʻa iā Eris ka nui o ka ʻike e pili ana i nā ʻāpana o waho o ka ʻōnaehana solar a me nā kaʻina hana i hoʻokumu ai. Kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i ke ʻano o Eris, kahi i loaʻa ai, pehea i ʻike ʻia ai, kona ʻano kino, kona kaapuni ʻana, a no ke aha he mea nui ia i ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻike hōkū.
Ka ʻIke ʻia ʻana o Eris a me ka Hoʻopaʻapaʻa Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Eris i ka makahiki 2005 e kahi hui o nā mea kilo hōkū i alakaʻi ʻia e Mike Brown, Chad Trujillo, a me David Rabinowitz. Ua hana ʻia kēia ʻike ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻikepili nānā mai ka Palomar Observatory ma Kaleponi. I kēlā manawa, ua ʻike ʻia ka mea, i kapa ʻia ma hope ʻo Eris, he mea liʻiliʻi e neʻe lohi ana i mua o ke kua o nā hōkū—ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea mamao ma ka ʻōnaehana lā waho.
ʻO ka mea i kaulana koke ai ʻo Eris, ʻo ia kona nui i ʻike ʻia, e like me, a ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o Pluto. I kēlā manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Pluto ʻo ia ka honua ʻeiwa. Inā loaʻa kahi mea hou e like ka nui me Pluto (a ʻoi aku paha), kū mai kahi nīnau nui: pono anei e manaʻo ʻia ʻo Eris he honua pū kekahi? Inā pēlā, a laila e alakaʻi paha ia i ka ʻike ʻana o nā "honua hou" ʻē aʻe he nui ma ke Kuiper Belt a ma ʻō aku. ʻO kēia hoʻopaʻapaʻa i hoʻoikaika i ka International Astronomical Union (IAU) i ka makahiki 2006 e hoʻokumu i kahi wehewehe koʻikoʻi o kahi honua.
ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia ʻo Pluto ma ke ʻano he honua, akā he "honua dwarf." Ua hoʻokomo pū ʻia ʻo Eris ma ka māhele like. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻo Eris kekahi o nā kumu nui no ka hoʻololi kūhelu ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokaʻawale o ka Solar System .
Ke Kūlana o Eris: He Honua Mamao ma ka Lihi o ka Pūnaehana Lā
Aia ʻo Eris ma kahi mamao loa mai ka Lā, no ka hui o nā mea trans-Neptunian (TNOs), nā mea nona nā orbits ma ʻō aku o Neptune. ʻOi aku ka pololei, pili pinepine ʻo Eris me ka "scattered disk," kahi ʻāpana i loaʻa nā mea me nā orbits eccentric a inclined i manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka umekaumaha o Neptune i ka Solar System mua.
ʻOkoʻa loa ka mamao o Eris mai ka Lā ma muli o kona ʻano elliptical orbit. Ma kona wahi kokoke loa (perihelion), he 38 mau ʻāpana astronomical (AU) ia mai ka Lā—e like me ka mamao awelika o Pluto. Eia naʻe, ma kona wahi mamao loa (aphelion), hiki iā Eris ke hōʻea ma kahi o 97 AU. No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo 1 AU ka mamao awelika ma waena o ka Honua a me ka Lā, ma kahi o 150 miliona kilomita. ʻO ia hoʻi, i kēlā me kēia manawa, hiki iā Eris ke kokoke i 100 mau manawa mamao aku mai ka Lā ma mua o ka Honua.
Ma muli o kona mamao loa, ua anu loa ʻo Eris a ʻaʻole loaʻa ka lā. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha he pono nā telescopes nui a me ka nānā pono ʻana.
Ka Nui, ke Kino, a me ke ʻAno
ʻO Eris ka hōkūhele dwarf nui loa (a i ʻole kekahi o nā hōkūhele nui loa) ma ke kaumaha. He anawaena ma kahi o 2.300 kilomita (ʻokoʻa iki nā kuhi o kēia wā ma muli o nā ʻano ana). Ua kokoke loa kona nui me Pluto, ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Pluto he ʻoi aku ka nui o ke anawaena, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o Eris ma mua o ia ma muli o kona nui kiʻekiʻe.
ʻOi aku ka nui o Eris ma kahi o 27% ma mua o Pluto. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka nui o Eris e hōʻike ana ua haku ʻia paha ia me ka hui ʻana o ka pōhaku a me ka hau, me kahi hapa nui o ka pōhaku. He mea hoihoi kēia no ka mea e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa, a i ʻole ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, o nā mea ma mua o kekahi mau kino hau liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻōnaehana lā waho.
He ʻālohilohi loa ka ʻili o Eris (he albedo kiʻekiʻe), e hōʻike ana i ke alo o kahi papa hau ʻālohilohi. Hōʻike nā nānā ʻana i ka spectral i ke alo o ka hau methane hau ma luna o ka ʻili, e like me Pluto. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia ʻo Eris ʻoi aku ka mālamalama ma mua o Pluto, kahi e hōʻike ai ua uhi ʻia kona ʻili i ka hau hou a i ʻole he ʻano lewa ʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka Orbit Kūikawā a me ka Manawa Hoʻokahuli Lōʻihi Loa
Hoʻopuni ʻo Eris i ka Lā ma kahi o 557 mau makahiki o ka Honua. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, mai ka wā i komo ai ke kanaka i ka Industrial Revolution a hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i hoʻopau ʻo Eris i ka hapalua o kona kaʻapuni. Hoʻomanaʻo mai kēia iā mākou i ka lohi o ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea i loko o ka ʻōnaehana Solar waho.
He ʻano hiō kiʻekiʻe hoʻi ke kaʻapuni o Eris (ma kahi o 44 kekelē i ka mokulele ecliptic). Hoʻohele ka hapa nui o nā hōkūhele nui ma nā mokulele like, ʻoiai lākou i hana ʻia mai kahi disk protoplanetary pālahalaha. Hōʻike ka hiō nui o Eris i kahi mōʻaukala umekaumaha "ʻino" - malia paha ka hopena o nā pilina me Neptune a i ʻole kekahi kino nui ʻē aʻe i ka Solar System mua. ʻO kēia kaʻapuni eccentric, tilted he mea maʻamau ia o nā mea disk i hoʻopuehu ʻia.
Ka Mahina o Eris: Dysnomia
Hoʻokahi satelite kūlohelohe i ʻike ʻia ma Eris, ʻo Dysnomia. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia mahina ma hope koke iho o Eris. He mea koʻikoʻi ke ola ʻana o ka satelite no ka mea e hiki ai i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke helu pololei i ka nuipa o Eris ma o ka nānā ʻana i ke kaʻapuni o Dysnomia.
Mai ka moʻolelo Helene mai ka inoa ʻo Dysnomia a pili pū me Eris, ke akua wahine o ka hakakā. Me he mea lā kūpono kēia koho i ka hana a Eris i ka paio ʻepekema e pili ana i ka wehewehe ʻana o kahi honua. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o Dysnomia a ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali ma mua o Eris, akā he mea nui ia no ke aʻo ʻana i nā dinamika o ka ʻōnaehana Eris.
Lewa: Aia nō ia a ʻaʻole paha?
ʻO kahi nīnau hoihoi e pili ana iā Eris, inā he lewa kona. Ma Pluto, hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia kahi lewa lahilahi i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka naikokene ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka naikokene o ka ʻili a me ka methane i kona hoʻokokoke ʻana aku i ka Lā. ʻO Eris, ma muli o kona wahi mamao a anuanu loa, he liʻiliʻi loa kona lewa a i ʻole e paʻa i kona ʻili ke hiki i ka aphelion.
Manaʻo kekahi mau kumu hoʻohālike he lahilahi paha ka lewa o Eris no kekahi manawa i kona kokoke ʻana i ka Lā, akā he lōʻihi loa ka manawa, e pili ana i nā haneli mau makahiki. Ua loli mālie paha nā kūlana lewa (inā he) i ka loli ʻana o ka mamao mai ka Lā.
No ke aha he mea nui ʻo Eris?
He mea nui ʻo Eris no ʻekolu mau kumu nui ma ka liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻonui ia i ko mākou ʻike i ka heluna o nā mea nui ma ka ʻōnaehana lā waho. Hōʻike kona ola ʻana ʻaʻole ʻo Pluto wale nō ke kino nui ma ʻō aku o Neptune, a he ʻoi aku ka like ʻole o ka "papa inoa" o nā lālā o ka ʻōnaehana lā ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ma mua.
ʻO ka lua, ʻo Eris ke kumu hoʻoulu no ka wehewehe hou o kahi honua. Wahi a ka wehewehe ʻana a IAU (2006), pono i kahi honua (1) e kaapuni ana i ka Lā, (2) e lawa ka nui e kokoke i ka poepoe (hydrostatic), a (3) ua "hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kona kaiāulu orbital" mai nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokō ʻo Eris i nā koi mua ʻelua, akā ʻaʻole ke kolu no ka mea e kaʻana like ana i kona orbit me nā TNO ʻē aʻe he nui. No laila, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Eris ma ke ʻano he honua dwarf, me Pluto, Haumea, a me Makemake.
ʻO ke kolu, kōkua ʻo Eris i nā kānaka ʻepekema e hoʻāʻo i nā kumumanaʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka Pūnaehana Lā . ʻO kona ʻōpuni loa, ka haku mele ʻana, a me ka pilina me ka diski i hoʻopuehu ʻia e hāʻawi i nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o nā hōkūhele nui i nā lā mua. Manaʻo nā kumu hoʻohālike he nui ua neʻe mua ʻo Neptune i waho, e lulu ana a hoʻopuehu ana i nā mea liʻiliʻi i loko o nā ʻōpuni ʻē aʻe—malia paha me Eris.
Ka Wā E Hiki Mai Ana o ka Noiʻi ʻo Eris
A hiki i kēia lā, ʻaʻole i kipa ʻia ʻo Eris e kahi mokulele. ʻO ka ʻike e pili ana iā ia ke kāohi ʻia nei e nā nānā ʻana mai nā telescopes, me nā telescopes lewa a me nā hale kiaʻi nui ma ka Honua. Eia nō naʻe, i ka holomua ʻana o ka ʻenehana, loaʻa iā Eris ka hiki ke lilo i pahuhopu no nā misionari e hiki mai ana, ʻoiai he laʻana koʻikoʻi ia o kahi honua hau mamao e hōʻike ana i nā kūlana o ka Solar System mua.
ʻO ke aʻo hou ʻana iā Eris—no ka laʻana, nā ana pololei o kona ʻano ʻili, nā loli o ke kau, a i ʻole nā kikoʻī o kona ʻano a me ka wili ʻana—e kōkua iā mākou e hoʻomaopopo pehea e ulu ai nā mea ma waho o ka Pūnaehana Lā.
Pani
He honua dwarf mamao, anu, a pohihihi ʻo Eris, akā he koʻikoʻi kona hopena i ka ʻike honua o kēia au. Mai kona ʻike ʻia ʻana, ka mea i hoʻoulu ai i ka wehewehe hou ʻana o nā hōkūhele, a hiki i kona ʻano orbital koʻikoʻi a me ka ʻili hau mālamalama, hōʻailona ʻo Eris e mau ana nā mea kupanaha o ka Solar System. ʻAʻole wale ke aʻo ʻana iā Eris e pili ana i hoʻokahi mea liʻiliʻi a mamao, akā e pili ana i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi a paʻakikī o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka Solar System—he moʻolelo e hoʻomau nei i ka ulu ʻana me nā ʻike hou.
