Yadda Tushen Injin Iska Ke Shafar Kwanciyar Hankali
Injinan iska dogaye ne masu siriri, suna aiki a cikin yanayi masu nauyi mai ƙarfi: iska mai canzawa, girgiza daga juyawar rotor, bambancin zafin jiki, da yanayin ƙasa mara kyau. Bayan ruwan wukake na injin turbin akwai wani abu da ake yawan mantawa da shi amma yana da mahimmanci ga aminci da aiki: harsashin. Tushen ya fi "tushe" kawai don tallafawa nauyin, amma tsarin da ke sarrafa martanin tsarin ga ƙarfin gefe, yana hana tsayuwa da yawa, yana hana hasumiya daga karkacewa, kuma yana rage girgizar da za ta iya rage tsawon rayuwar injin turbin. Wannan labarin ya tattauna yadda harsashin injin turbin iska ke shafar kwanciyar hankali, muhimman abubuwan ƙira, da kuma sakamakon tushe mara kyau.
1. Kwanciyar injin turbine ta fara ne da hulɗar ƙasa da tsari
Kwanciyar injin turbine ta iska ta dogara sosai akan hulɗar ƙasa da tsarinta. Hasumiyar turbine tana tura kayan zuwa tushe, wanda daga nan zai tura shi zuwa ƙasa. Idan ƙasa ta yi laushi, ba ta da bambanci, ko kuma ta cika, harsashin zai iya fuskantar rashin daidaito. Bambancin daidaito na ƙasa da milimita kaɗan a kan babban diamita na tushe na iya sa hasumiyar ta karkata. Karkatar da hasumiyar ba wai kawai yana rage inganci ba, har ma yana ƙara nauyin da ke kan sassan injin tuƙi da bearings, yana ƙara haɗarin lalacewa.
Baya ga daidaitawa, ƙasa kuma tana ƙayyade halayen harsashin ginin idan aka fuskanci ƙarfin kwance. Loads na iska da ƙarfin rotor suna haifar da manyan lokutan juyawa. Dole ne harsashin ginin ya yi tauri sosai don rage juyawa a tushen hasumiyar. Idan harsashin ginin ya yi laushi sosai, hasumiyar za ta yi ta juyawa sosai, wanda hakan ke ƙara gajiya a cikin haɗin hasumiyar, ƙusoshin, da flange.
2. Nau'ikan Nauyin da Gidauniyar Dole ta Tallafa
Domin fahimtar rawar da tushe ke takawa wajen kwanciyar hankali, yana da muhimmanci a fahimci nau'ikan kayan da ke aiki a kan injinan iska:
1. Nauyin tsaye: nauyin hasumiyar, nacelle, rotor, da kuma harsashin kanta.
2. Nauyin gefe (a kwance): ƙarfin iska a kan hasumiya da na'urar juyawa, da kuma ƙarfin da ke faruwa sakamakon canje-canje a alkiblar yaw.
3. Lokacin juyawa: haɗin ƙarfin gefe da tsayin hasumiya yana haifar da babban lokaci wanda ke ƙoƙarin "ɗaga" gefe ɗaya na tushe da matse ɗayan gefen.
4. Nauyin motsi/zagaye: lodin da aka maimaita daga juyawar rotor da guguwar iska da ke haifar da gajiyar abu.
5. Mummunan kaya: guguwa, guguwa, girgizar ƙasa, ko yanayi na gaggawa (misali abubuwan da suka faru na birki).
Dole ne tushe mai kyau ya jure duk waɗannan nauyin a cikin iyakokin nakasa da aka yarda, tsawon shekaru da yawa na aiki.
3. Taurin Tushe da Tasirinsa ga Girgiza
Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan shine taurin tushe. Injinan injinan iska suna da mitar halitta. Idan taurin tushe bai isa ba, mitar halitta ta tsarin ƙasa-tushen-hasumiyar na iya kusantar mitar motsawar rotor (misali, 1P, 3P), wanda hakan na iya haifar da taurin tushe. Taurin tushe yana ƙara yawan girgiza, yana hanzarta gajiya a cikin hasumiya da sassan injina, kuma yana haifar da matsalolin aiki kamar ƙararrawa mai yawa na girgiza.
Tsarin harsashi gabaɗaya yana nufin kiyaye mitar halitta a cikin iyaka mai aminci, ba tare da yin karo da mitar aikin rotor ba. Wannan yana nufin harsashin ba wai kawai game da ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya ba ne, har ma game da daidaitawa mai ƙarfi ga halayen injin turbin da yanayin ƙasa na gida.
4. Tushe da Juriya ga Juyawa
Kwanciyar hankali daga juyewa shine ginshiƙin ƙirar harsashin injinan iska. Manyan kayan iska suna haifar da lokutan da ke ƙoƙarin juye harsashin. Don tsayayya da wannan, harsashin ya dogara ne akan hanyoyi da dama:
- Nauyin tushe da nauyin da ya wuce kima (don tushe mai zurfi): yana ƙara ƙarfin matsi don tallafawa ɓangarorin da aka ɗaga.
– Ƙarfin ɗaukar ƙasa: dole ne ƙasa ta iya jure matsin lamba a yankin da aka yi wa rauni ba tare da lalacewar yankewa ba.
- Ƙarfin ƙasa mai wucewa (don wani tushe na musamman): juriyar gefen ƙasa ga ƙaura.
– Anga da tururuwa (don zurfafa tushe): juriyar tensile/matsewa a cikin tururuwa yana taimakawa wajen jure lokacin.
Idan harsashin bai isa ba, za a iya samun ɗagawa a wasu wurare, tsagewa a cikin siminti, sassauta ƙusoshin anga, ko juyawa na dindindin wanda ke sa hasumiyar ta karkace.
5. Bambancin Nau'in Tushe da Tasirinsu Kan Kwanciyar Hankali
a) Tushen ƙasa mara zurfi (ƙafafun ƙasa / harsashin nauyi)
An saba amfani da injinan turbines na teku a cikin ƙasa mai ƙarfi sosai. Yawanci, waɗannan manyan siminti ne masu zagaye ko octagonal. Ana samun kwanciyar hankali ta hanyar babban yankin taɓawa da nauyin harsashin. Rashin amfani: Yana buƙatar ƙasa mai isasshen ƙarfi da kyakkyawan ikon daidaitawa.
b) Tushen tarin
Ana amfani da shi a cikin ƙasa mai laushi ko mai layi wanda ba zai iya ɗaukar nauyin tushe mai zurfi ba. Tubalan na iya canja wurin nauyin zuwa zurfin yadudduka masu ƙarfi. Kwanciyar hankali yana inganta, musamman akan lokutan juyawa, amma ƙira yana ƙara rikitarwa saboda dole ne ya la'akari da ƙarfin tensile/matsewa, karkatar da gefe, da tasirin rukunin tudu.
c) Tushen dutsen da aka kafa
Idan wurin yana kan dutse, harsashin zai iya amfani da anga da aka saka a cikin dutsen. Wannan yana ba da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali, amma yana buƙatar cikakken bincike na ƙasa saboda ingancin dutsen na iya bambanta, kuma tsagewa (haɗin gwiwa) na iya rage ƙarfinsa.
d) Tushen teku: monopile, jaket, tushen nauyi
Ga injinan turbines na ƙasashen waje, harsashi kamar monopiles (manyan bututun ƙarfe da aka saka a cikinsu) suna da yawa. Kwanciyar hankali yana shafar zurfin shigarwa, diamita, taurin gefe, da yanayin laka da bincike. Duk da haka, tsarin jaket yana ba da ƙarin rarraba kaya mai rikitarwa amma yana iya zama mafi karko a wasu ruwa. Tsarin teku yana gabatar da ƙarin ƙalubale: raƙuman ruwa, kwararar ruwa, da tsatsa.
6. Matsayin Ingancin Gine-gine a Cikin Kwanciyar Hankali
Kyakkyawan ƙira ba ya isa idan aiwatarwar ba ta da kyau. Wasu fannoni na gini waɗanda ke shafar daidaito kai tsaye sune:
– Ingancin siminti da kuma gyaransa: simintin da bai kai ga ingancin ƙira ba yana da saurin fashewa da lalacewa.
- Sanya ƙarfafawa: kurakuran rufewa ko ƙarfafawa na iya rage ƙarfin lokacin.
– Daidaita kejin ƙulli na anga: Matsayin ƙulli mara daidai na iya haifar da rashin daidaituwa da kuma ƙara yawan damuwa.
– Matsewar cika bayan gida: cika bayan gida ba tare da takura ba yana haifar da daidaito kuma yana rage taurin tsarin.
– Magudanar ruwa: ruwan da aka makale zai iya raunana ƙasa kuma ya hanzarta zaizayar ƙasa.
Ko da ƙananan bambance-bambance a matakin daidaitawa ko tashin hankali na bultu na iya haifar da matsaloli na dogon lokaci ta hanyar ƙaruwar girgiza da gajiyar haɗin gwiwa.
7. Tasirin Muhalli: Ruwa, Zaizayar Ƙasa, da Ƙazanta
Yanayin muhalli sau da yawa shine sanadin rashin kwanciyar hankali na tushe ba zato ba tsammani. A bakin teku, canje-canje a matakin ruwan ƙasa saboda lokacin damina, ambaliyar ruwa, ko ɓullar magudanar ruwa na iya rage ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya. A yankunan da ƙasa mai faɗi, canje-canje a cikin danshi yana haifar da raguwa da kumburi, wanda zai iya haifar da tsagewa da juyawa.
A bakin teku, scour babbar matsala ce. Ruwan sama da raƙuman ruwa na iya lalata laka a kusa da monopiles, suna rage zurfinsu da kuma taurin kansu. Idan ba a sarrafa scour ba (misali, tare da tabarmar zubar da duwatsu ko kariya daga scour), amsawar injin turbin yana canzawa kuma haɗarin gajiya yana ƙaruwa.
8. Sa ido da Kulawa don Kula da Lafiya
Saboda harsashin yana aiki a ƙarƙashin nauyin da ke zagaye tsawon shekaru, sa ido yana da mahimmanci. Ayyuka na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:
- auna karkatar hasumiya (sa ido kan karkatarwa),
- duba fasawar siminti da yanayin tsagewar,
- sake ƙarfafa kusoshi idan ya cancanta,
- binciken ilimin ƙasa na lokaci-lokaci a wuraren da ke da sauƙin zama,
- duba injinan turbines na ƙasashen waje.
Kulawa yana taimakawa wajen gano canje-canje da wuri a cikin taurin tushe, ta yadda za a iya ɗaukar matakin gyara kafin babban gazawa ya faru.
Kammalawa
Tushen injinan iska yana tasiri ga kwanciyar hankali ta hanyar ikonsu na jure wa kaya a tsaye, a gefe, da kuma juyewa, yayin da kuma ke sarrafa daidaitawa da girgiza. Taurin tushe yana ƙayyade martanin tsarin kuma yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da haɗarin amsawa da gajiyar tsari. Zaɓin nau'in tushe - mara zurfi, tudu, anga dutse, ko tsarin teku - dole ne a daidaita shi da yanayin ƙasa, muhalli, da halayen injinan. Baya ga ƙira, ingancin gini, magudanar ruwa, da sa ido na dogon lokaci sune mahimman abubuwan da ke haifar da nasara. A ƙarshe, harsashin da aka tsara da kyau kuma aka gina ba wai kawai yana riƙe injinan "tsaye" ba, har ma yana tabbatar da cewa ya kasance mai ƙarfi, inganci, da aminci a duk tsawon rayuwarsa.
