25 Makamashin Wutar Lantarki - matsaloli da mafita
1. Fitilar lantarki mai ƙarfin 220 V – 5 Ana amfani da fitilar lantarki na tsawon mintuna 30. Nawa ne makamashin da take buƙata?
Magani:
Wutar lantarki (V) = Volt 220
Wutar lantarki (I) = 5 Ampere
Lokaci (t) = minti 30 = daƙiƙa 30 x 60 = daƙiƙa 1800
Wutar lantarki (P):
P = VI = (220 Volt) (5 Ampere) = 1100 Volt Ampere = 1100 Watt = 1100 Joule / dakika
Makamashin lantarki = Ƙarfin lantarki x lokaci = (Juzu'i 1100/daƙiƙa)(daƙiƙa 1800)
Makamashin wutar lantarki = Joules 1,980,000 = Kilogram 1,980
2. Ana amfani da ƙarfe mai ƙarfin 220 V – 60 W na tsawon mintuna 4. Nawa ne makamashin da yake buƙata.
An sani:
Ƙarfi (P) = Watts 60 = Joules 60/daƙiƙa
Wutar lantarki (V) = Volt 220
Lokaci (t) = minti 4 = daƙiƙa 4 x 60 = daƙiƙa 240
Ana nema: Wutar lantarki
Magani:
220 Volt – 60 Watt yana nufin cewa solder ɗin lantarki yana aiki sosai idan bambancin ƙarfin lantarki ko ƙarfin lantarki shine volts 220 kuma yana da ƙarfin Watt 60 = Joules 60/daƙiƙa, ma'ana cewa solder ɗin lantarki yana amfani da kuzarin Joules 60 a daƙiƙa ɗaya.
Makamashin lantarki = wutar lantarki x tazara ta lokaci = (Joules 60/daƙiƙa)(daƙiƙa 240) = Joules 14,400.
3. Ƙarfin da ƙarfen ke amfani da shi na minti 1 shine 33 kJ, a ƙarfin lantarki na volts 220. Girman wutar lantarki a cikin ƙarfen.
An sani:
Tazarar lokaci (t) = minti 1 = daƙiƙa 60
Makamashi (W) = 33 kiloJoules = Joules 33,000
Wutar lantarki (V) = Volt 220
Ana nema: Wutar lantarki (I)
Magani:
Wutar lantarki ita ce makamashin lantarki da ake amfani da shi a wani lokaci.
P = W / t = Joules 33,000 / daƙiƙa 60
P = Watt 550
Wutar lantarki:
I = P / V = 550 / 220 = 2.5 Amperes
4. Wani yana kallon talabijin a matsakaicin awanni 6 a rana. Ana haɗa talabijin ɗin da ƙarfin lantarki na Volt 220 don haka wutar lantarki tana gudana ta cikin talabijin ɗin shine Amperes 0.5. Idan kamfanin wutar lantarki yana cajin $0.092 a kowace kWh, to farashin amfani da wutar lantarki don talabijin na tsawon wata 1 (kwanaki 30) shine…
An sani:
Tazarar lokaci = awanni 6 x 30 = awanni 180
Wutar lantarki (V) = Volt 220
Wutar lantarki (I) = 0.5 Ampere
Ana so: Kudin wata-wata
Magani:
Ikon TV:
P = VI = (220 Volt) (0.5 Ampere) = 110 Volt Ampere = 110 Watt
Makamashin lantarki = wutar lantarki x tazara lokaci
Makamashin wutar lantarki na talabijin = Watt 110 x Sa'o'i 180 = Sa'o'i 19800 Watt = Sa'o'i 19.8 Watt = Sa'o'i 19.8 Watt = Sa'o'i 19.8 Watt = 19.8 kWh
Kudin amfani da wutar lantarki don talabijin na tsawon wata 1:
19.8 kWh x $0.092/kWh = $1.8216
5. A cikin gida akwai fitilu 4 Watt 20, fitilu 2 Watt 10, fitilu 3 Watt 40, ana amfani da su awanni 5 kowace rana. Idan cajin kamfanin wutar lantarki shine 0.092 a kowace kWh, to farashin amfani da wutar lantarki na wata 1 (kwana 30) shine ....
An sani:
Fitilun 4 Watts 20 = Watts 4 x 20 = Watts 80
Fitilun 2 Watts 10 = Watts 2 x 10 = Watts 20
Fitilun 3 Watts 40 = Watts 3 x 40 = Watts 120
Jimlar ƙarfi (W) = Watts 80 + Watts 20 + Watts 120 = Watts 220
Tazarar lokaci (t) = awanni 5 x 30 = awanni 150
Ana Neman Kuɗi: Kudin amfani da wutar lantarki na tsawon wata 1 (kwana 30)
Magani:
Makamashin lantarki = wutar lantarki x tazara ta lokaci = Watt 220 x awanni 150 = Watt 33,000 Watt awa = kilo 33 Watt awa = kilo 33 Watt awa = 33 kWh
Kudin amfani da wutar lantarki na tsawon wata 1 (kwana 30)
(33 kWh)(0.092/kWh) = $3.036
6. Da'ira tana da juriya na \(5\Omega\) da kuma kwararar wutar \(2A\). Nemo wutar lantarki.
Magani: \( P = IV = 2A \sau 5 \Omega = 10W \)
7. An haɗa batirin \(10V\) da resistor na \(2\Omega\). A ƙididdige wutar lantarki.
Magani: \( I = \frac{V}{R} = \frac{10V}{2\Omega} = 5A \)
8. Kwalba mai haske da aka kimanta a \(60W\) yana aiki akan wutar lantarki ta \(120V\). Nemo juriyar.
Magani: \( R = \frac{V^2}{P} = \frac{120^2}{60} = 240\Omega \)
9. Lissafa kuzarin da kwan fitila mai ƙarfin W100 ke cinyewa cikin awanni 2.
Magani: \( E = Pt = 100W \sau 2h = 200Wh = 0.2kWh \)
10. Ana cajin capacitor mai ƙarfin lantarki 20 zuwa 50V. Nemo makamashin da aka adana.
Magani: \( E = \frac{1}{2} CV^2 = \frac{1}{2} \sau 20 \sau 10^{-6}F \sau 50^2 = 25mJ \)
11. Kayyade wutar lantarki a cikin inductor na \(10mH\) lokacin da ƙimar canjin wutar lantarki shine \(5A/s\).
Magani: \( V = L\frac{di}{dt} = 10 \sau 10^{-3}H \sau 5A/s = 50mV \)
12. Nemo asarar wutar lantarki a cikin layin watsawa mai juriya na \(8\Omega\) da kuma kwararar wutar \(3A\).
Magani: \( P = I^2R = 3^2 \sau 8\Omega = 72W \)
13. Na'urar transformer tana da ƙarfin lantarki na farko na \(120V\) da ƙarfin lantarki na biyu na \(240V\). Idan ƙarfin lantarki na farko shine \(2A\), nemo ƙarfin lantarki na biyu.
Magani: Wutar lantarki ta biyu = \( \frac{{\text{{{First voltage}}}}{{\text{{First voltage ta biyu}}}} \times \text{{First current}} = \frac{{120V}}{{240V}} \times 2A = 1A \)
14. Lissafa amsawar mai ...
Mafita: \(
15. Nemo jimlar ƙarfin capacitors guda uku (10\mu F\) da aka haɗa a jere.
Magani: \( \frac{1}{{C_{\text{{total}}}} = \frac{1}{{C_1}} + \frac{1}{{C_2}} + \frac{1}{{C_3}} = \frac{1}{10} + \frac{1}{10} + \frac{1}{10} = \frac{3}{10}, C_{\text{{total}}} = \frac{10}{3} \mu F \approx 3.33\mu F \)
16. Ana cajin babban ƙarfin \(0.1F\) zuwa \(5V\). Nemo makamashin da aka adana.
Magani: \( E = \frac{1}{2} CV^2 = \frac{1}{2} \times 0.1 \times 5^2 = 1.25J \)
17. Lissafa ƙarfin da'ira mai ƙarfin gaske na \(60W\) da kuma ƙarfin da ke bayyane na \(75VA\).
Magani: Ƙarfin Wuta = \( \frac{{\text{{Ainihin Ƙarfin Wuta}}}}{{\text{{A bayyane Ƙarfin Wuta}}}} = \frac{{60W}}{{75VA}} \approx 0.8 \)
18. Nemo juriyar da ta yi daidai da juriyar \(4\Omega\) guda biyu a layi ɗaya.
Magani: \( \frac{1}{{R_{\text{{eq}}}} = \frac{1}{{R_1}} + \frac{1}{{R_2}} = \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{2}, R_{\text{{eq}}} = 2\Omega \)
19. Kayyade juriyar da'ira mai juriyar \(5\Omega\) da kuma amsawar \(12\Omega\).
Magani: \( Z = \sqrt{R^2 + X^2} = \sqrt{5^2 + 12^2} \approx 13.34\Omega \)
15. Lissafa ƙimar RMS na ƙarfin lantarki na sinusoidal tare da ƙimar kololuwar \(120V\).
Magani: \( V_{\text{{RMS}}} = \frac{{V_{\text{{peak}}}}}{\sqrt{2}} \approx 84.85V \)
16. Nemo wutar da aka wargaza a cikin resistor mai ƙarfin wuta na \(5\Omega\) (4A\).
Magani: \( P = I^2R = 4^2 \sau 5\Omega = 80W \)
17. Lissafa mitar inductor mai amsawa na 50 (25mH) tare da amsawar 50 (50Omega).
Magani: \( f = \frac{{X_L}}{{2\pi L}} = \frac{50}{{2\pi \sau 25 \sau 10^{-3}}} \sau 31.83Hz \)
18. Ƙayyade wutar lantarki a cikin resistor na \(20\Omega\) tare da samar da \(100V\).
Magani: \( I = \frac{V}{R} = \frac{100V}{20\Omega} = 5A \)
19. Nemo jimlar inductance na inductor guda biyu (10mH) da aka haɗa a layi ɗaya.
Magani: \( \frac{1}{{L_{\text{{total}}}}} = \frac{1}{{L_1}} + \frac{1}{{L_2}} = \frac{1}{10} + \frac{1}{10} = \frac{1}{5}, L_{\text{{total}}} = 5mH \)
20. Lissafa kuzarin da ƙarfe mai nauyin 1500W da aka yi amfani da shi na tsawon awanni 0.5 ke cinyewa.
Magani: \( E = Pt = 1500W \sau 0.5h = 750Wh = 0.75kWh \)
