Στατικός ηλεκτρισμός – προβλήματα και λύσεις

Στατικός ηλεκτρισμός – προβλήματα και λύσεις

Ηλεκτρική δύναμη

1. Point A in an ηλεκτρικό πεδίο. The magnitude of the electric field at point A = 0.5 NC^-1. If a 0.25-C charge placed at point A, then what is the ηλεκτρική δύναμη exerted on the charge.

Γνωστό:

Electric field at point A = 0.5 NC^-1

Ηλεκτρικό φορτίο at point A = 0.25 C

Καταζητούμενος: Ηλεκτρική δύναμη

Λύση:

F = q E

F = (0.25 C)(0.5 NC^-1)

F = 0.125 Ν

2. Two charges 5 C and 4 C are separated by a distance of 3 meters. If Coulomb constant is 9 × 10⁹ Nm² C^-2, what is the magnitude of electric force experienced by two charges?

Γνωστό:

Χρέωση 1 (q₁) = 5°C

Χρέωση 2 (q₂) = 4°C

Distance between charge 1 and charge 2 (r) = 3 meters

Coulomb’s constant (k) = 9 × 10⁹ Nm² C^-2

Ζητούνται: The magnitude of the electric force (F)

Λύση:

3. Electric charge +q₁ = 10 μC; +q₂ = 20 μC ; and q₃ are separated, as shown in figure below. The electric force exerted on charge q₂ = 0, then what is the charge of q₃.

Γνωστό:

Χρέωση 1 (q₁) = 10 μC = 10 x 10^-6 C

Χρέωση 2 (q₂) = 20 μC = 20 x 10^-6 C

Ζητούνται: What is the charge of q₃

Λύση:

There are two forces acts on +q₂.

The first force is the repulsive force between charge +q₁ and charge +q₂ that is F₁₂, rightward.

The net electric force acts on q₂ = 0 then q₃ must negative.

The second force is the attractive force between charge +q₂ and -q₃ that is F₂₃, leftward.

Both of these forces act on q₂, have the same magnitude but the opposite direction.

Net force acts on +q₂ = 0.

4. Three charges q₁, q, and q₂ are in a line. If q = 5.0 μC and d = 30 cm, then what is the magnitude and direction of the electric force acts on the charge q.

Γνωστό:

Χρέωση 1 (q₁) = 30 μC = 30 x 10^-6 C

Χρέωση 2 (q₂) = 60 μC = 60 x 10^-6 C

Charge 3 (q) = 5 μC = 5 x 10^-6 C

Απόσταση μεταξύ q₁ and q = d

Απόσταση μεταξύ q₂ and q = 2d

d = 30 cm = 0.3 meters

d² = (0.3)² = 0.09

Coulomb’s constant (k) = 9 x 10⁹ Νμ² C^-2

Ζητούνται: The magnitude and the direction of the electric force acts on the electric charge

Λύση:

There are two forces act on q that is F₁ rightward (q and q₁ are positive so F₁ away from q and q₁) and F₂ leftward (q and q₂ are positive so F₂ away from q and q₂). First calculated F₁ και ΣΤ₂.

The net force is 7.5 Newton. The direction of the net force = the direction of F₁, rightward point to charge q₂.

Ηλεκτρικό πεδίο

5. Ενα σημείο χρέωση q is at the point P in the electric field παράγεται by the charge (+) so that it experiences a force of 0.05 N in the direction towards the charge. If the magnitude of the electric πεδίο at point P is 2 x 10^-2 NC^-1, Τότε ό, τι είναι the magnitude and type of charge that causes the ηλεκτρικός τομέα.

Γνωστό:

Electric force (F) = 0.05 N

Electric field (E) = 2 x 10 ^-2 NC ^-1 = 0.02 NC ^-1

Καταζητούμενος: The magnitude and type of electric charge

Λύση:

The electric charge is calculated using a formula that expresses the relationship between electric force (F), the electric field (E) and electric charge (q):

F = q E

q = F / E = 0.05 N / 0.02 NC ^-1 = 2.5 Κουλόμπ

The charge q experiences an electric force in the direction to charge (+) which produces an electric field, so the charge q is negative.

6. Charge A and B are separated by a distance of 4 meters. Point C is between both charges, 1 meter from point A. If Q_A = –300 μC, Q_B = 600 μC. 1/4 π ε₀ = 9 × 10⁹ Νμ² C– 2, then what is the magnitude of the electric field at point C produced by both charges.

Γνωστό:

Απόσταση μεταξύ των φορτίων A και B (r_AB) = 4 μέτρα

Distance between point C and charge A (r_AC) = 1 μέτρα

Distance between point C and charge B (r_BC) = 3 μέτρα

Χρέωση A (q_A) = –300 μC = -300 x 10^-6 C = -3 x 10^-4 Κουλόμβ

Χρέωση Β (q_B) = 600 μC = 600 x 10^-6 C = 6 x 10^-4 Κουλόμβ

Constant (k) = 9 × 10⁹ Νμ² C^-2

Ζητούνται: Electric field at point C

Λύση:

Electric field produced by charge A at point C :

Χρέωση A is negative so that the direction of the electric field point to charge A and away from charge B (to left).

The electric field produced by charge B on point C :

Charge B is positive so that the direction of electric field away from charge B and point to charge A (to left).

Η συνισταμένη του ηλεκτρικού πεδίου στο σημείο Α:

Ε = Ε_A + Ε_B

Ε = (27 x 10⁵) + (6 x 10⁵)

Ε = 33 x 10⁵ N / C

The direction of the electric field point to charge A and away from charge B (to left).

7. A 1-mg dust float in the air. If the charge of the dust is 0.5 μC and acceleration due to gravity is 10 m/s2, determine the magnitude of the electric field that supports dust.

Γνωστό:

Mass of dust (m) = 1 mg = 1 x 10^-6 kg

Charge of dust (q) = 0.5 μC = 0.5 x 10^-6 C

Επιτάχυνση λόγω βαρύτητας (g) = 10 m/s²

Ζητούνται: Ηλεκτρικό πεδίο

Λύση:

w = mg

w = weight of dust, m = mass of dust, g = acceleration due to gravity

The force of gravity acts on dust :

w = mg = (1 x 10^-6 κιλά (10 m/s²) = 10 x 10^-6 κιλά m/s² = 10 χ 10^-6 νεύτο

The equation of the electric field :

E = F/q

E = electric field, F = electric force, q = electric charge

Substitute F in the equation of electric field with w in the equation of weight :

E = F/q = w/q

Ε = (10 x 10^-6 Ν) / (0.5 x 10^-6 C)

E = 10 N / 0,5 C

E = 20 N/C

8. Δύο φορτία q₁ = 32 μC και q₂ = -214 μC are separated by a distance of x, as shown in figure below. No electric field at point P located at 10 cm from q₂. Find x.

Γνωστό:

Charge 1 (Q₁) = 32 μC

Charge 2 (Q₂) = -214 μC

Distance of point P from q₁ = x + 10 εκ.

The distance of point P from q₂ = 10 εκ

Καταζητούμενος: x

Λύση:

E₁ = electric field produced by charge Q₁. The direction of the electric field away from Q₁ because Q₁ is positive. E₂ = electric field produced by Q₂. The direction of the electric field point to Q₂ because Q₂ είναι αρνητικό.

No net force at point p located at 10 cm from Q₂

Χρησιμοποιήστε τον τετραγωνικό τύπο:

9. A charged point q is at the point P in the electric field παράγεται by the charge (+), thus having a force of 0.05 N. If the charge is +5 × l0^-6 Coulomb, then what is the magnitude of the electric field at point C.

Γνωστό:

Electric force (F) = 0.05 Newton

Electric charge (Q) = +5 × l0^-6 Κουλόμπ = 0.000005

Ζητούνται: Electric field at point P

Λύση:

Ε = Φ / Κ

E = 0.05 Newton / 0.000005 Coulomb

E = 5 Newton / 0.0005 Coulomb

E = 10,000 Newton/Coulomb

E = 10⁴ N / C

E = 10⁴ NC^-1

1. Τι είναι ο στατικός ηλεκτρισμός; Απάντηση: Static electricity refers to the buildup of electric charge on the surface of objects. It’s called “static” because the charges remain in one area rather than moving or flowing as in current electricity.
2. How is static electricity generated? Απάντηση: Static electricity is often generated through the process of triboelectric charging, where certain materials become charged when they come into frictional contact with a different material. Rubbing a balloon against hair or walking across a carpet in rubber-soled shoes can lead to the buildup of static charges.
3. Why do you sometimes get a shock when touching a doorknob after walking on a carpet? Απάντηση: Walking on a carpet, especially in dry conditions, can cause a buildup of static charges on your body. When you touch a doorknob or another conductor, the charges can discharge quickly, resulting in a static shock.
4. How does humidity affect static electricity? Απάντηση: Humidity tends to reduce the buildup of static electricity. The water molecules in the air can help dissipate electric charges. On drier days, there’s a higher likelihood of experiencing static buildup and shocks.
5. Why are some materials more prone to developing a static charge than others? Απάντηση: Materials differ in their ability to hold or transfer electrons. Some materials, like rubber or certain plastics, tend to gain or lose electrons more easily than others, making them more prone to static charge buildup.
6. What is the principle behind an electroscope? Απάντηση: An electroscope is a device used to detect the presence of a static charge. It typically consists of a metal rod connected to two thin leaves of metal foil. When a charged object is brought near the rod, the leaves move apart due to the repulsion of like charges, indicating the presence of static electricity.
7. How does grounding eliminate static charges? Απάντηση: Grounding provides a path for excess charge to move to the Earth, which is a vast reservoir of charges. When a statically charged object is grounded, the extra charges are neutralized, reducing or eliminating the static buildup.
8. Why might you see sparks in a grain silo or during the refueling of an airplane, and why is this dangerous? Απάντηση: Grain moving or rubbing against surfaces can generate static electricity, and the same goes for the flow of fuel. If there’s a buildup of static charge, it can discharge as a spark. In environments with flammable gases, dust, or liquids (like in a grain silo or during airplane refueling), these sparks can ignite the flammable material, leading to explosions.
9. How do antistatic sprays or products work? Απάντηση: Antistatic sprays and products typically contain substances that make surfaces slightly conductive. By doing so, they prevent the buildup of static charges or help dissipate any charges that do build up.

10. What is the triboelectric series? Απάντηση: The triboelectric series is a list that ranks materials based on their tendency to become positively or negatively charged when rubbed against another material. Materials at the top of the list tend to become positively charged, while those at the bottom tend to become negatively charged.