Indlela yokufaka i-Linux kwi-PC ye-Windows
I-Linux isibe uhlelo lokusebenza oludumile, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabathandi bezobuchwepheshe, abahleli bezinhlelo, kanye nabasebenzisi abafuna enye indlela esikhundleni se-Windows. Ukufunda i-Linux akudingeki kube nzima, futhi lo mhlahlandlela uzokuqondisa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngokufaka i-Linux kwi-PC yakho ye-Windows.
1. Ukulungiselela Kokuqala
Ngaphambi kokuba siqale inqubo yokufaka, kunezinyathelo eziningana zokulungiselela okudingeka zithathwe:
Isipele Sedatha: Qiniseka ukuthi ugcina yonke idatha ebalulekile kwi-PC yakho ye-Windows. Inqubo yokufaka ingabangela ukulahleka kwedatha uma ingenziwanga kahle.
Khetha Ukusabalalisa kwe-Linux: Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokusabalalisa kwe-Linux (ama-distro) atholakalayo, njenge-Ubuntu, i-Fedora, i-Mint, nezinye eziningi. Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizosebenzisa i-Ubuntu njengesibonelo, njengoba yaziwa ngokuba lula ukuyisebenzisa.
Landa i-Ubuntu ISO: Vakashela iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Ubuntu (ubuntu.com) bese ulanda ifayela le-ISO lenguqulo yakamuva.
2. Dala i-USB ebhuthwayo
Ukuze ufake i-Ubuntu, kuzodingeka udale idrayivu ye-USB ebhuthwayo kusuka kufayela le-ISO elilandiwe. Landela lezi zinyathelo:
Lungisa i-USB Flash Drive (ubuncane obungu-4GB):
Ukusebenzisa i-Rufus ku-Windows:
– Landa futhi ufake i-Rufus kuwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni.
– Vula i-Rufus, khetha idrayivu yakho ye-USB ku-'Device'.
– Esigabeni esithi 'Ukukhetha i-Boot', khetha 'Isithombe seDiski noma se-ISO (Sicela ukhethe)' bese uthola ifayela le-Ubuntu ISO elilandiwe.
– Chofoza okuthi 'Qala' bese ulandela imiyalelo ukuze udale idrayivu ye-USB ebhuthwayo. Le nqubo izosula yonke idatha kudrayivu ye-USB, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi ugcina noma iyiphi idatha ebalulekile kusengaphambili.
3. Setha i-PC BIOS/UEFI
Ukuze ikhompyutha yakho iqale kusuka ku-USB, kungadingeka ushintshe izilungiselelo zakho ze-BIOS noma ze-UEFI:
Faka i-BIOS/UEFI: Qala kabusha i-PC yakho bese ufaka i-BIOS/UEFI ngokucindezela inkinobho efanele (ngokuvamile i-Del, F2, F10 noma i-Esc ngesikhathi sokuqalisa, kuye ngohlobo lwe-PC yakho).
Shintsha i-Boot Order: Kumenyu ye-BIOS/UEFI, bheka isethingi ye-Boot Order noma i-Boot Menu. Setha idrayivu ye-USB njengedivayisi yokuqala ku-boot order.
Londoloza bese Uphuma: Londoloza izinguquko zakho bese uphuma kwi-BIOS/UEFI. Ikhompyutha yakho manje kufanele izame ukuqala kusuka ku-USB.
4. Ukuqala Ukufakwa kwe-Ubuntu
Ngemva kokusetha i-boot kusuka ku-USB, i-PC yakho izoqala ukufaka kusuka ku-USB. Landela lezi zinyathelo:
Izinketho Zokufaka: Ngemva kokuqalisa kabusha, uzobona inketho yokuzama noma ukufaka i-Ubuntu. Khetha okuthi 'Faka Ubuntu'.
Ulimi: Khetha ulimi olufunayo lokufakwa bese uchofoza okuthi 'Qhubeka'.
Ukuhlelwa Kwekhibhodi: Khetha ukwakheka kwekhibhodi okufanele bese uchofoza okuthi 'Qhubeka'.
Ukulungiselela Ukufakwa: Kulesi sigaba, ungakhetha ukuthi ufuna ukufaka izibuyekezo kanye nesofthiwe yomuntu wesithathu ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Maka amabhokisi njengoba uthanda bese uchofoza okuthi 'Qhubeka'.
Uhlobo Lokufaka: Lesi yisinyathelo esibalulekile. Uzonikezwa izinketho eziningana:
– Faka i-Ubuntu eceleni kwe-Windows Boot Manager: Le nketho iwukuthi uma ufuna ukuqalisa i-dual-boot nge-Windows.
– Sula idiski bese ufaka i-Ubuntu: Lokhu kuzosula yonke idatha ku-hard drive bese kufakwa i-Ubuntu. Khetha le nketho kuphela uma ufuna ukufaka i-Windows esikhundleni sayo ngokuphelele nge-Ubuntu.
– Okunye: Uma ufuna ukuhlukanisa i-hard drive yakho ngesandla.
Kulesi sihloko, sizokhetha okuthi 'Faka Ubuntu kanye ne-Windows Boot Manager' ukuze kusethwe i-dual-boot. Chofoza okuthi 'Faka Manje'.
Ama-Drive Partitions: Uma ukhetha okuthi 'Faka eceleni kwe-Windows', ukufakwa kuzosetha ngokuzenzakalelayo ama-partitions e-Ubuntu ne-Windows. Lungiselela osayizi be-partition ngokwezidingo zakho.
Indawo: Khetha indawo yakho yesikhathi bese uchofoza okuthi 'Qhubeka'.
Ukudalwa kwe-Akhawunti Yomsebenzisi: Faka igama lomsebenzisi, igama lekhompyutha, iphasiwedi bese uqhubeka nenqubo yokufaka.
5. Qala kabusha bese Uhlola
Uma ukufakwa sekuqediwe, uzocelwa ukuthi uqale kabusha ikhompyutha yakho. Susa idrayivu ye-USB bese uvumela ikhompyutha ukuthi iqale kabusha. Uzonikezwa i-bootloader ye-GRUB, ezokunikeza inketho yokuqalisa ku-Ubuntu noma ku-Windows.
Khetha Ubuntu: Khetha Ubuntu bese ucindezela u-Enter ukuze ufake uhlelo lwakho olusha.
Ukuhlolwa Kokuqala: Ngesikhathi sokuqala ungena ku-Ubuntu, hlola ukuthi konke kusebenza kahle. Qiniseka ukuthi uxhumano lwakho lwe-inthanethi luyasebenza nokuthi ihadiwe efana ne-GPU, umsindo, kanye nesibonisi kuthola kahle.
6. Ukuvuselelwa kwesofthiwe nokufakwa kwayo
Ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukubuyekeza uhlelo bese ufaka isofthiwe oyidingayo:
Isibuyekezo Sesistimu:
- Vula i-terminal bese uthayipha:
``
ukuvuselelwa kwe-sudo apt && sudo apt ukuthuthukisa
``
– Faka iphasiwedi uma ucelwa, bese uvumela isibuyekezo ukuthi sisebenze kuze kuqedwe.
Ukufakwa Kwephakheji Okwengeziwe: Ungase ufune ukufaka ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile ezifana nalezi:
- I-GIMP (yokuhlela isithombe): `sudo apt install gimp`
– I-VLC (isidlali semidiya): `sudo apt install vlc`
– I-LibreOffice (iprosesa yamagama kanye nespredishithi): `sudo apt install libreoffice`
– I-Chrome (isiphequluli): Vakashela iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Google Chrome, landa ifayela le-deb, bese ulifaka usebenzisa i-`sudo dpkg -i chrome.deb`
7. Ukulungiswa Kwesistimu
Ngemva kokufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza ozidingayo, ungase ufune ukwenza ngokwezifiso uhlelo lokusebenza ngokwezintandokazi zakho:
Ama-Themes kanye Nokubukeka: Ubuntu bunezinhlobonhlobo zama-themes kanye nezithonjana ezingafakwa ku-'Izilungiselelo'.
Abaphathi Bephakheji Abengeziwe: Ungase ufune ukufaka i-'Synaptic Package Manager' ukuze kube lula ukuphatha amaphakheji ezinhlelo zokusebenza:
``
sudo apt ukufaka i-synaptic
``
Indawo Yedokhi Nedeskithophu: Uma ungayithandi i-GNOME (ideskithophu ezenzakalelayo ye-Ubuntu), ungazama ezinye izindawo zedeskithophu njenge-KDE Plasma noma i-XFCE.
Isiphetho
Ukufaka i-Linux kwi-PC ye-Windows akudingeki kube yinto eyethusayo. Ngokulandela izinyathelo ezikulesi siqondisi, ungajabulela amandla nokuguquguquka kwe-Linux ngenkathi ugcina i-Windows. I-Dual-booting Linux ne-Windows inikeza okungcono kakhulu kokubili, okukuvumela ukuthi ushintshe phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbili njengoba kudingeka. Inhlanhla, futhi inhlanhla!
