Kimia

Ukusetshenziswa Kwama-Organophosphate Compounds Ama-Organophosphate compounds ayiqembu lamakhemikhali aqukethe i-athomu ye-phosphorus (P) ehlanganiswe neqembu le-organic (elisekelwe ku-carbon). Leli qembu laziwa kabanzi ngendima yalo ebalulekile kwezolimo, empilweni yomphakathi, kanye nasezimbonini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-organophosphates asiza ekwandiseni umkhiqizo wokudla ngokulawula izinambuzane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanye ama-organophosphates anobuthi obukhulu… Funda kabanzi

Kuyini Ukusabela Kwamakhemikhali E-Kinetic? Empilweni yansuku zonke, sivame ukubona izinguquko ezibonakala zilula kodwa empeleni zihilela izinqubo zamakhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi. Insimbi egqwalayo, izithelo ezibolayo, ubisi olubolile, ngisho nokushiswa kukaphethiloli enjinini yemoto konke kuyizibonelo zokusabela kwamakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, umbuzo owodwa obalulekile uvame ukuvela: kungani eminye imizwa... Funda kabanzi

Umsebenzi we-Citric Acid Ekudleni I-Citric acid ingenye yezithasiselo zokudla ezivame kakhulu ezitholakala emikhiqizweni eyahlukahlukene yokudla neziphuzo. Lesi sici saziwa kabanzi ngokunambitheka kwaso okuqabulayo nokumuncu futhi sidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngaphandle kokunambitheka kwaso okumuncu okuhlukile, i-citric acid inokusetshenziswa okuningi kubuchwepheshe bokudla, kusukela… Funda kabanzi

Ukusabela Kwamakhemikhali Okwenzeka Ngesikhathi Sokugaya Ukugaya ukudla uchungechunge lwezinqubo eziguqula ukudla kube ama-molecule alula ukuze kungene emzimbeni futhi kusetshenziswe njengemithombo yamandla, izakhi zokwakha, kanye nokulawula imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yomzimba. Le nqubo ayibandakanyi nje ukunyakaza kwemishini njengokuhlafuna kanye ne-peristalsis, kodwa futhi nokusabela kwamakhemikhali okulawulwa ama-enzyme, ama-acid, kanye noketshezi… Funda kabanzi

Inqubo Yokukhiqiza i-Sulfuric Acid I-Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) ingenye yamakhemikhali ezimboni abaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "umgogodla wemboni yamakhemikhali" ngenxa yezicelo zayo ezahlukahlukene: kusukela ekukhiqizweni komanyolo we-phosphate kanye ne-ammonium sulfate, kuya ekucutshungulweni kwephethiloli, ukuhluzwa kwensimbi, ukukhiqizwa kwebhethri le-lead-acid, kuya ezimbonini zezindwangu nezokwelapha. Isidingo esikhulu se-sulfuric acid… Funda kabanzi

Ukuqonda i-Covalence kanye nezibonelo Isingeniso Kumakhemikhali, indlela ama-athomu ahlangana ngayo ukuze akhe into ethile inquma kakhulu izakhiwo zaleyo nto. Umqondo obalulekile ochaza ukuthi i-athomu i-bond i-covalence. Izibopho ze-Covalent zivame ukutholakala kuma-compound akhiwe yizinto ezingezona ezensimbi, isibonelo, amanzi (H₂O), i-carbon dioxide (CO₂), i-methane (CH₄), kanye nezinye izinto ezahlukahlukene… Funda kabanzi

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Thermogravimetric (TGA) kuyindlela yokuchaza izinto ezisetshenziswayo elinganisa ushintsho kusisindo sesampula njengomsebenzi wokushisa kanye/noma isikhathi esimoyeni olawulwayo. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kabanzi kumakhemikhali, ubunjiniyela bezinto ezisetshenziswayo, imithi, ama-polymer, kanye namandla ngoba inganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuzinza kokushisa, ukwakheka, okuqukethwe kwamanzi/okuncibilikisayo, ukubola, kanye... Funda kabanzi

Ukusetshenziswa Kwama-Mass Spectrometers KuKhemistri I-mass spectrometer ingenye yamathuluzi okuhlaziya abaluleke kakhulu kukhemistri yesimanje. Leli thuluzi livumela ososayensi ukuthi "babone" ukwakheka kwesampula ngokusekelwe ebuningini bezinhlayiya zayo, ikakhulukazi ubuningi bama-ion. Njengoba benekhono lokubona ama-compounds, ukunquma isakhiwo sama-molecule, ukukala amazinga ezinto, kanye nokuthola ngisho nokungcola okuncane kakhulu, ama-mass spectrometer ane... Funda kabanzi

Indlela Yokuthola Inombolo Ka-Avogadro Inombolo ka-Avogadro ingenye yemiqondo ebaluleke kakhulu kukhemistri yesimanje kanye nefiziksi ngoba isebenza njengebhuloho phakathi komhlaba ongama-microscopic (ama-athomu, ama-molecule, ama-ion) kanye nomhlaba ongama-macroscopic (amagremu, amalitha, izinto esingazilinganisa). Ngokuqonda ukuthi singawuthola kanjani inombolo ka-Avogadro, sizowuqonda kalula umqondo wama-moles, sibale inani lezinhlayiya entweni ethile, … Funda kabanzi

Amasu e-Electrogravimetric ku-Analytical Chemistry I-Electrogravimetry iyindlela yakudala kodwa esasebenza ku-analytical chemistry, ikakhulukazi ekulinganisweni kwama-ion ensimbi esixazululweni. Le ndlela ihlanganisa izimiso ze-electrochemical kanye ne-gravimetric: i-analyte ifakwa njengensimbi ku-electrode nge-electrolysis, bese i-precipitate ephumayo ikalwa ukuze kubalwe inani le-analyte. Ngoba umphumela wokugcina… Funda kabanzi