Amasu Okuphatha Amahlathi Azinzile Kwabaqalayo
Amahlathi angamaphaphu omhlaba, ahlinzeka nge-oxygen ebalulekile kanye nekhaya lezigidi zezitshalo nezilwane. Adlala indima ebalulekile emjikelezweni wamanzi, ekuthuthweni kwekhabhoni, kanye nasekuncishisweni kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Kodwa-ke, intuthuko engalawulwa kanye nokuxhashazwa kusongela ukusimama kwamahlathi. Ukuze aqhubeke nomsebenzi wawo esikhathini esizayo, ukuphathwa kwamahlathi okusimeme kubalulekile. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngamasu okuphathwa kwamahlathi okusimeme kwabaqalayo angasetshenziswa ukuze kusimame imvelo.
1. Ukuqonda Ukuphathwa Kwamahlathi Okusimeme
Ukuphathwa kwamahlathi okusimeme kuyindlela yokugcina nokugcina imisebenzi yezemvelo, yezomnotho, neyenhlalo yamahlathi. Lobu buchwepheshe buhilela imikhuba ehlukahlukene ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinsiza zamahlathi zihlala zitholakala ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
2. Ukuhlela Okuhlelekile
a. Impahla Yamahlathi
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekuphathweni kwamahlathi ukwenza uhlu oluphelele noma ukuqoqwa kwedatha yezinsizakusebenza zamahlathi. Lokhu kuqoqwa kwedatha kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zezihlahla, ubudala bezihlahla, inani nezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane, kanye nezimo zomhlabathi. Lolu lwazi luzoba isisekelo sokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuphatha olusebenzayo noluqhubekayo.
b. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwehlathi
Ukuhlanganisa amahlathi abe yizindawo ezinemisebenzi ethile kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuphathweni okusimeme. Lezi zindawo zingafaka izindawo zokuvikela, ukukhiqiza, ukuzijabulisa, kanye nokunye ukusetshenziswa. Izindawo zokuvikela zigxile ekulondolozweni kwezindawo zemvelo kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo , kuyilapho izindawo zokukhiqiza zingasetshenziselwa imisebenzi yezomnotho njengokugawula imithi ngendlela enobungani nemvelo.
3. Amasu Okuphatha Amahlathi Angangcolisi Imvelo
a. Uhlelo Lokusika Olukhethiwe
Enye indlela yokuphatha engasetshenziswa uhlelo lokugawula imithi olukhethiwe, lapho kugawulwa khona kuphela imithi esefinyelele ubudala nobukhulu obuthile. Le ndlela isiza ekuvimbeleni ukugawulwa kwamahlathi futhi iqinisekisa ukuvuselelwa kwamahlathi emvelo.
b. Amahlathi ezolimo
I-Agroforestry iyindlela ehlanganisa ezolimo nokuphathwa kwamahlathi. Le ndlela inikeza ikhambi lokusebenzisa amahlathi ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuzinza kwawo. Nge-agroforestry, izitshalo zezolimo zitshalwa phakathi kwezihlahla, ngasikhathi sinye zithuthukisa ikhwalithi yomhlabathi , zinciphise ukuguguleka komhlabathi, futhi zilondoloze ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
c. Ukuvuselelwa Nokuvuselelwa Kwamahlathi
Ezindaweni zamahlathi ezonakele, ukuvuselelwa kanye nokuvuselelwa kwamahlathi kubalulekile. Ukuvuselelwa kuhilela ukubuyisela umsebenzi wezindawo zemvelo ezonakele, kanti ukuvuselelwa kwamahlathi kuhilela ukutshala kabusha izihlahla ezindaweni ezigawuliwe noma ezonakele. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo zezihlahla zasendaweni kunconywa kakhulu ukuze kulondolozwe ibhalansi yendawo.
4. Ukubandakanyeka Komphakathi Wendawo
Ukuphathwa kwamahlathi okusimeme akunakufezwa ngaphandle kokubandakanya imiphakathi yendawo. Banolwazi lwendabuko lwamahlathi kanye namasu endabuko okusimeme. Lokhu kubandakanyeka akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuphathwa kwamahlathi kodwa futhi kunikeza izinzuzo zomnotho emiphakathini yendawo. Izinhlelo ezifana namahlathi ezenhlalo kanye namabhizinisi amancane asekelwe emikhiqizweni yamahlathi engeyona imithi zingaba yisisombululo esizuzisa wonke umuntu.
a. Ukunika amandla umphakathi
Imfundo nokuqeqeshwa kwemiphakathi yendawo ngemikhuba yokuphathwa kwamahlathi okusimeme kubalulekile. Kudingeka futhi banikezwe ukufinyelela namathuba okuphatha amahlathi ngezinhlelo ezifana namahlathi omphakathi kanye namahlathi asemakhaya.
b. Ukuqapha Okubandakanyayo
Ukuzibandakanya komphakathi ekuqapheni amahlathi kusiza ekunciphiseni imikhuba engekho emthethweni njengokugawula imithi okungagunyaziwe. Imiphakathi inganikwa amandla okuhlanganyela ekuqapheni nasekubikeni imisebenzi elimaza umsebenzi wamahlathi.
5. Izinqubomgomo Nemithetho Kahulumeni
Izinqubomgomo nemithetho kahulumeni zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni ukuphathwa kwamahlathi okusimeme. Ohulumeni kumele basungule futhi baqinisekise imithetho nemithethonqubo evimbela ukuxhashazwa kwamahlathi ngokungenasibopho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuqokwa kwezindawo zokulondolozwa kwemvelo, imithethonqubo yokugawula imithi kanye nokuhweba ngezinkuni, kanye nezikhuthazo zemikhuba enobungani nemvelo.
a. Isitifiketi Sehlathi
Izitifiketi zehlathi ezifana nalezo ezivela ku-Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) noma ku-Program for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) zingasetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkuni zivela emahlathini aphethwe ngendlela eqhubekayo. Lezi zitifiketi ziphinde zinikeze abathengi isiqinisekiso sokuthi imikhiqizo abayithengayo inobungani nemvelo.
b. Izikhuthazo Zezomnotho
Ohulumeni banganikeza izikhuthazo zomnotho ezinkampanini noma kubantu ngabanye abahlanganyela emikhubeni yokuphathwa kwamahlathi esimeme. Lezi zikhuthazo zingathatha uhlobo lokuphumula kwentela, uxhaso lwemisebenzi yokuvuselela amahlathi, noma olunye uxhaso lwezezimali.
6. Ukusetshenziswa Kobuchwepheshe
Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bungaba ithuluzi eliphumelelayo ekuphathweni kwamahlathi okusimeme. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-GIS (i-Geographic Information Systems) kanye nobuchwepheshe bokubona kude kungasiza ekuqapheni amahlathi kanye nokuhlela indawo. Ama-drone nawo manje asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuqapheni izimo zamahlathi ngesikhathi sangempela.
a. Uhlelo Lolwazi Lwezindawo (i-GIS)
I-GIS ivumela ukuqoqwa nokuhlaziywa kwedatha yendawo evela emahlathini, engasetshenziswa ngezinjongo ezahlukene zokuphatha, njengokuhlonza izindawo ezidinga ukuvuselelwa noma ukuqapha izinguquko zesembozo somhlaba.
b. Ukuzwa Okukude
Ubuchwepheshe besathelayithi kanye ne-drone bunganikeza idatha enembile, yesikhathi sangempela ngezimo zamahlathi. Le datha ingasetshenziswa ukuthola imisebenzi engekho emthethweni njengokugawula imithi ngokungemthetho nokuqapha imiphumela yemikhuba yokuphatha.
7. Imfundo Nokwelulekwa
Kuhlale kukhona indawo yokukhulisa ulwazi ngokubaluleka kokuphathwa kwamahlathi okusimeme. Imfundo akumele inikezwe ezingeni lomphakathi wendawo kuphela, kodwa futhi nasemphakathini nasezimbonini. Imikhankaso yokuqwashisa ngemvelo, ama-workshop, kanye nezifundo zemfundo ngamahlathi kungaba amathuluzi asebenzayo ekusekeleni lo mzamo.
a. Imfundo Esemthethweni Nengahlelekile
Ukuhlanganisa umqondo wokuphathwa kwamahlathi okusimeme ohlelweni lwemfundo olusemthethweni kungakhuthaza isizukulwane esiqaphela kakhulu imvelo. Okwamanje, imfundo engakahleleki ngezinkulumo, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nama-workshop nakho kubalulekile ekufinyeleleni umphakathi obanzi.
b. Izincwadi Nemikhankaso Yezindaba
Imithombo yezindaba kanye nezokuxhumana zingaba amathuluzi asebenza kahle kakhulu ekusabalaliseni ulwazi kanye nokukhulisa ukuqwashisa komphakathi ngokubaluleka kokuphathwa kwamahlathi okusimeme.
Isiphetho
Ukuphathwa kwamahlathi okusimeme kuwumthwalo wemfanelo ohlanganyelwe odinga ukubambisana phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukahlukene, kusukela kuhulumeni kanye nemiphakathi yasendaweni kuya ezimbonini. Ngokusebenzisa amasu anobungani nemvelo, ukubandakanya imiphakathi ekuphathweni, ukusungula izinqubomgomo ezisekelayo, kanye nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje, singaqinisekisa ukuthi amahlathi ethu azohlala engumthombo wokuphila ezizukulwaneni ezizayo. Imfundo kanye nokufinyelela umphakathi nakho kubalulekile kulo mzamo wesikhathi eside. Masibambisane ukuvikela amahlathi ethu ngenxa yokusimama komhlaba.
