Ukukhiqizwa Kwekhebula Le-Fiber Optic Elisezingeni Eliphezulu
Enkathini yanamuhla yedijithali, isidingo sokudluliselwa kwedatha okusheshayo nokuthembekile siyanda. Ubuchwepheshe obunye obakha umgogodla wokuxhumana kwesimanje yikhebula le-fiber optic. Izintambo ze-fiber optic zinikeza isivinini sokudlulisa esiphezulu kakhulu kunezintambo zethusi zendabuko, kuyilapho zivumela nekhono lokudlulisa idatha eningi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Ukukhiqiza izintambo ze-fiber optic zekhwalithi ephezulu kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukunakwa kwemininingwane nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe. Lesi sihloko sizochaza izinyathelo ezihilelekile ekukhiqizeni izintambo ze-fiber optic zekhwalithi ephezulu, kusukela ekukhetheni izinto zokusetshenziswa kuya ekuhlolweni kokugcina.
1. Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Zokusetshenziswa
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekukhiqizweni kwekhebula le-fiber optic ukukhetha izinto zokusetshenziswa zekhwalithi ephezulu. Izinto eziyinhloko zefayibha ye-optical yingilazi ye-silica (i-SiO2) noma ipulasitiki ekhethekile enokucaca okuphezulu. Ingilazi ye-silica ivame ukukhethwa ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwayo okuphansi kokudluliselwa kanye nekhono lokubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Kodwa-ke, imicu ye-optical yepulasitiki nayo isetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, njengokuxhumana okude noma ezindaweni ezidinga ukuguquguquka okuphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwezinto eziyinhloko, ukwakheka kwekhebula kanye nokuqinisa kwalo nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile. Ukwakheka kwangaphandle kuvame ukwenziwa nge-polymer evikela i-fiber ekulimaleni ngokomzimba, umswakama, kanye nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Ukuqina kwekhebula, okungenziwa ngezinto ezifana ne-Kevlar, kunikeza amandla engeziwe futhi kuvimbela ikhebula ekulimaleni ngenxa yokucindezela noma ukucindezeleka.
2. Inqubo Yokwakheka Kwangaphambi Kokwakheka
Ama-preform ayisinyathelo esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-fiber optic. Ama-preform angamasilinda engilazi azodonswa abe yimicu emide ye-optical. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza ama-preform:
– Ukususwa Komusi Wekhemikhali Oguquliwe (i-MCVD): Kule nqubo, igesi yamakhemikhali equkethe i-silica kanye nama-dopants ifakwa epayipini le-quartz bese ifudunyezwa kusetshenziswa isizinda se-plasma noma i-oxyhydrogen burner. Le gesi iyasabela futhi yakhe ungqimba lwengilazi ngaphakathi kwepayipini le-quartz.
– Ukususwa Komusi Ngaphandle (OVD) kanye Nokususwa Kwesivikelo Somusi (VAD): Zombili izindlela zihilela ukufaka ungqimba lwengilazi ngaphandle kwe-mandrel noma induku eyinhloko bese incibilikiswa ukuze kwakhiwe i-preform yengilazi eqinile.
3. Ukudweba noma Ukudonsa Ngefayibha
Ngemva kokwenziwa kwe-preform, isinyathelo esilandelayo inqubo yokudweba. I-preform elungisiwe ifakwa esithandweni esikhethekile ekushiseni okuphezulu kakhulu (cishe ngo-2000°C). Kuleli zinga lokushisa, phansi kwe-preform iqala ukuncibilika, yakhe amaconsi amancane. Lawa maconsi abe esedonswa ngesivinini esingaguquki ukuze akhe imicu emincane enobubanzi obuvame ukuba cishe ama-micrometer angu-125.
Le nqubo yokudweba idinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kakhulu. Ijubane lokudweba, izinga lokushisa, kanye nokubonakala kwezinto kumele kuqashwe ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imicu ephumayo inobubanzi obufanayo kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yokukhanya. Phakathi nale nqubo, kuphinde kusetshenziswe i-primer coating evikelayo ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho bemicu futhi kuvikelwe ekulimaleni kwemishini.
4. Ukusetshenziswa Kwesivikelo Esivikelayo
Imicu yokubona ibuthakathaka kakhulu futhi isengozini yokulimala ngokomzimba. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kwenqubo yokudweba, kumele imbozwe ngezinto ezivikelayo. Lesi sinyathelo saziwa ngokuthi inqubo yokumboza futhi ngokuvamile sihilela izendlalelo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
– I-Primer Coating: Le ngubo ifakwa ngqo ku-optical fiber ukuze ivikeleke ekulimaleni okuncane futhi ikhulise amandla ayo okusebenza.
– Isendlalelo Sesibili: Lesi sendlalelo sesibili sivikela i-fiber emathonyeni emvelo njengomswakama kanye nokuchayeka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet.
Izinto zokumboza ngokuvamile ziyi-polymer ekhethekile esetshenziswa esimweni soketshezi bese iqiniswa kusetshenziswa imisebe ye-ultraviolet.
5. Ukuhlanganisa Nokufaka
Imicu yokukhanya ngayinye ayisetshenziswa kakhulu yodwa. Kunalokho, ivame ukuhlanganiswa ibe yizintambo ukuze kuvikelwe futhi kube lula ukuyifaka. Le nqubo yokuhlanganisa ihilela ukuhlela imicu yokukhanya eminingi ngaphakathi kwesikhwama esisodwa esivikelayo. Izintambo zokukhanya ze-fiber nazo zihlonyiswe ngezinto eziqinisayo njenge-Kevlar kanye nesembozo esingangeni manzi ukuze zisetshenziswe ezindaweni ezinzima.
6. Ukuhlolwa
Uma ikhebula le-fiber optic selikhiqiziwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuhlola ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokusebenza. Izinhlobo eziningana zokuhlola zivame ukwenziwa:
– Ukuhlolwa Kokukhanya: Lokhu kuhlola kuhilela ukulinganisa ukulahlekelwa kokudluliselwa kokukhanya, i-bandwidth, kanye nokuphendula kwemvamisa yefayibha yokukhanya.
– Ukuhlolwa Kwemishini: Kufaka phakathi amandla okudonswa, ukugoba, kanye nokuhlolwa kokumelana nengcindezi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhebula lingamelana nezimo ezinzima zokufakwa kanye nokusetshenziswa.
– Ukuhlolwa Kwemvelo: Kukala ukusebenza kwekhebula ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezimbi kakhulu njengokushisa okuphezulu, umswakama, kanye nokuchayeka kumakhemikhali.
7. Isitifiketi kanye Nokuqiniswa
I-fiber optical esezingeni eliphezulu kumele ihlangabezane nezindinganiso ezithile zemboni kanye nezitifiketi. Ezinye izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ezifanele zifaka phakathi i-ISO/IEC 11801 kanye ne-ITU-T G.652. Lezi zindinganiso ziqinisekisa ukuthi i-fiber optical ekhiqizwayo ihlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza nokuthembeka ezithile.
8. Ukupakishwa Nokusatshalaliswa
Isinyathelo sokugcina enkambisweni yokukhiqiza ikhebula le-fiber optic ukupakisha nokusabalalisa. Izintambo ze-fiber optic eziphumelele ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi zipakishwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa. Ngokuvamile, lezi zintambo zigoqwa bese zifakwa ezigubhini noma emabhokisini akhethekile azivikela ekushaqekeni nasekumanzini.
Isiphetho
Ukukhiqiza izintambo ze-fiber optic ezisezingeni eliphezulu kudinga inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezinembile, kanye nokuhlolwa okuqinile. Isinyathelo ngasinye senqubo, kusukela ekukhethweni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kuya ekupakishweni kokugcina, kumele senziwe ngokunemba ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhebula eliphumayo lihlangabezana nezindinganiso zomkhakha kanye nezidingo zomsebenzisi. Ngokulandela izinqubo ezinembile, abakhiqizi bangakhiqiza izintambo ze-fiber optic ezithembekile, ezisheshayo ezikwazi ukudlulisa idatha eningi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, okwenza lobu buchwepheshe bube yisisekelo esingenakufakwa esikhundleni sokuxhumana kwanamuhla.
