Imithethonqubo Yokusetshenziswa Kwezindiza Ezingenawo Ama-Drone e-Indonesia
Ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu (ama-UAV) kuye kwanda kakhulu e-Indonesia eminyakeni yamuva. Ama-drone asetshenziselwa izinjongo ezahlukahlukene, kusukela ekuthwebuleni izithombe zasemoyeni kanye nokumapha kuya ekuqapheni imvelo kanye nokulethwa kwempahla. Kodwa-ke, uma kucatshangelwa izingozi ezingaba khona kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi kwazo, kudingeka imithetho eqinile ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuhleleka kokusetshenziswa kwama-drone. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe ngemithetho elawula ukusetshenziswa kwama-drone e-Indonesia, elawulwa yi-Ministry of Transportation ngokusebenzisa i-Ministerial Regulation kanye neminye imithetho eyengeziwe.
Umlando kanye nochungechunge lwemithethonqubo ye-Drone e-Indonesia
Ukulawulwa kokuqala kokusetshenziswa kwe-drone e-Indonesia kwaqala ngoMthetho kaNgqongqoshe Wezokuthutha weRiphabhulikhi yase-Indonesia Inombolo PM 163 ka-2015 mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-Airspace Hhayi Ngezinhloso Zezempi. Lo mthetho unikeza iziqondiso eziyisisekelo mayelana nendawo yomoya evunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-drone. Ngemva kwalokho, njengoba inani elikhulayo lokusetshenziswa kwe-drone, uMnyango Wezokuthutha ukhiphe uMthetho kaNgqongqoshe Wezokuthutha weRiphabhulikhi yase-Indonesia Inombolo PM 37 ka-2020 mayelana nokusebenza kwezindiza ezingenamuntu e-Airspace ezikhonzwa yi-Indonesia. Lo mthetho unikeza isiqondiso esinemininingwane eminingi, kufaka phakathi imithetho yokubhaliswa kwe-drone kanye nesitifiketi.
Incazelo kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwama-Drones
Imithetho kaNgqongqoshe Wezokuthutha ihlukanisa ama-drone ngezigaba eziningana ngokusekelwe esisindweni kanye nomsebenzi wawo. Ngokuvamile, ama-drone angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine eziyinhloko:
1. I-Micro drone: I-Drone enesisindo esingaphansi kwamakhilogremu amabili.
2. Ama-drone amancane: Ama-drone anesisindo esiphakathi kwamakhilogremu amabili nama-25.
3. Ama-drone aphakathi nendawo: Ama-drone anesisindo esiphakathi kwamakhilogremu angu-25 nama-150.
4. Ama-drone amakhulu: Ama-drone anesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-150.
Ukubhaliswa Kwezindiza Ezingenawo Ama-drone
Wonke umqhubi we-drone kudingeka abhalise i-drone yakhe ngaphambi kokusebenzisa. Le nqubo yokubhalisa ivumela iziphathimandla ukuthi zithole futhi zilandelele yonke i-drone esebenza emoyeni wase-Indonesia. Inqubo yokubhalisa yenziwa yi-Directorate of Airworthiness and Aircraft Operations (DKPPU) yoMnyango Wezokuthutha. Ukuze babhalise, abaqhubi kumele banikeze amadokhumenti alandelayo:
1. Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe yedrone, okuhlanganisa imininingwane yayo yobuchwepheshe kanye nesisindo.
2. Isitifiketi sokufaneleka ukundiza noma ubufakazi bokuqinisekiswa obuvela kumkhiqizi.
3. Ubunikazi bomnikazi wedrone noma umqhubi wayo.
4. Inhloso yokusebenzisa ama-drone.
Ilayisensi kanye Nokusebenza
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-drone e-Indonesia kulawulwa yimithetho eminingana eqinile nezimvume zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha endizeni. Nansi eminye imithetho abaqhubi be-drone okufanele bayiqaphele:
1. Izidingo Zokuphakama Kwendiza: Ama-drone avunyelwe ukundiza endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-150 ngaphezu komhlaba, ngaphandle kokuthi kutholakale imvume ekhethekile.
2. Izindawo Ezingadingi Ukundiza: Ama-drone awavunyelwe ukundiza ezindaweni ezivinjelwe noma ezindaweni ezithile zomoya ngaphandle kwemvume, njengezindawo eziseduze nezikhumulo zezindiza, izindawo zempi, kanye nezindawo ezibalulekile zikazwelonke.
3. Umugqa wokubona: Ukusebenza kwe-drone kumele kwenziwe ngaphakathi komugqa wokubona womqhubi futhi akumele kube ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-500 ukusuka endaweni yokusebenza.
4. Ukuvinjelwa Kokusetshenziswa Ezindaweni Ezinabantu: Ama-drone awavunyelwe ukundiza phezu kwezixuku noma ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, ngaphandle kokuthi kutholakale imvume ekhethekile.
5. Umshwalense: Abaqhubi bezindiza ezisebenzisa ama-drone kudingeka babe nomshwalense omboza umthwalo wemfanelo weqembu lesithathu ukuze umboze umonakalo noma izingozi ezingaba khona ezibangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwama-drone.
Ilayisensi Yomqhubi
Abaqhubi bezindiza ezisebenzisa ama-drone anesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-25 noma ngezinjongo ezithile zezentengiselwano kudingeka babe nelayisensi ekhethekile ekhishwe yi-Indonesian Ministry of Transportation. Le layisensi yaziwa ngokuthi i-Remote Pilot License (RPL). Inqubo yokuthola le layisensi ihlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abaqhubi banamakhono nolwazi olwanele lokusebenzisa ama-drone ngokuphepha nangokuhambisana nemithethonqubo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-Drones Ngezinhloso Zezentengiselwano Nezobungcweti
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-drone ngezinjongo zokuhweba e-Indonesia kudinga nezimvume ezengeziwe. Isibonelo, izinkampani ezisebenzisa ama-drone ukuze zidwebe amamephu, zithwebule izithombe zasemoyeni, noma zilethe izimpahla kumele zithole izimvume ezikhethekile kuMnyango Wezokuthutha. Lokhu kuwela ngaphansi komthethonqubo okhethekile wezindiza owaziwa ngokuthi iSitifiketi Somqhubi Wezindiza (SPO).
Izigwebo kanye nokwephulwa kwemithetho
Ukuqinisekisa ukulandelwa kwemithetho ekhona, uMnyango Wezokuthutha wase-Indonesia ubeke izijeziso eziningana kubasebenzi be-drone abaphula imithetho. Lokhu okulandelayo kungenye yezephulamthetho ezingaholela ekujezisweni:
1. Ukusebenza okungenalayisensi: Ama-drone aqhutshwa ngaphandle kokubhaliswa noma izimvume ezidingekayo azokhokhiswa inhlawulo kanye nokuphucwa i-drone.
2. Ukusebenza ezindaweni ezingadingi ukundiza: Ukusebenza ngama-drone ezindaweni ezingavunyelwe ngaphandle kwemvume kuzokhokhiswa izinhlawulo kanye nezijeziso zobugebengu ngokuhambisana nemithetho esebenzayo.
3. Amaphutha okusebenza: Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nezidingo zokusebenza njengokuphakama okuphezulu nokubonakala kungabangela ukumiswa kwelayisensi kanye nezinhlawulo.
Ukuqamba Izinto Ezintsha Nokuthuthukiswa Kwenqubomgomo
Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, imithethonqubo ephathelene nokusetshenziswa kwama-drone ivuselelwa njalo ukuze ihambisane nezindlela ezintsha ezintsha. Uhulumeni wase-Indonesia uqalise izinhlelo eziningana zokusekela ukusungula izinto ezintsha embonini yama-drone, okuhlanganisa nokusebenzisana nezikhungo zemfundo ezahlukene kanye nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe zocwaningo nentuthuko.
Isiphetho
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-drone e-Indonesia kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezingaba khona, kodwa futhi kubeka nezingozi okumele ziphathwe ngokucophelela. Ngemithetho eqinile evela kuMnyango Wezokuthutha, kunethemba lokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-drone kungenziwa ngokuphepha, ngokuhlelekile, nangokuzibophezela. Kubalulekile ukuthi wonke umuntu osebenzisa i-drone aqonde futhi alandele imithetho ekhona ukuze agweme izinhlawulo futhi aqinisekise ukuphepha kwabo bonke abathintekayo. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe be-drone bungaba negalelo elihle emikhakheni eyahlukene e-Indonesia.
Lesi sihloko sithemba ukuthi abaqhubi be-drone kanye nabasebenzisi abangaba khona bazoyiqonda kangcono imithetho elawula ukusetshenziswa kwe-drone e-Indonesia futhi bazibophezele ekulandeleni yonke imithetho emisiwe. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-drone okuphephile nokuhlelekile, okwandisa imiphumela emihle emikhakheni eyahlukene ezweni lonke.
