Izinhlobo Zezifo Ze-Periodontal
Izifo ze-periodontal, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izifo ze-gum, zihlanganisa izimo eziningi zokuvuvukala ezithinta izicubu ezizungezile nezisekela amazinyo. Impilo yesimo sakho se-periodontal ibalulekile ekugcineni impilo yamazinyo iyonke, njengoba i-periodontium—ehlanganisa izinsini, i-periodontal ligament, i-root cementum, kanye nethambo le-alveolar—isebenza njengesisekelo sesakhiwo samazinyo. Izifo ze-periodontal zihlukaniswe kabanzi ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-gingivitis kanye ne-periodontitis. Phakathi kwalezi zigaba kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo ze-periodontal, ngasinye sithinta izici ezahlukene zempilo yomlomo. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezifo ze-periodontal, siqokomisa izimbangela zazo, izimpawu, ukuxilongwa, kanye nezinketho zokwelapha.
1. I-Gingivitis
I-Gingivitis iwuhlobo oluthambile kakhulu lwesifo se-periodontal futhi ibonakala ngokuvuvukala kwezinsini (i-gingiva) ngaphandle kokuthinta ithambo noma ezinye izakhiwo. I-Gingivitis ivame ukubangelwa ukuqongelela kwe-plaque, ifilimu enamathelayo yamabhaktheriya eyakheka emazinyweni. I-plaque ivele lapho izitashi noshukela ekudleni kuhlangana namabhaktheriya avame ukutholakala emlonyeni. Ukungahlanzeki komlomo kuvumela i-plaque ukuthi iqongelelane, okuholela ekuvuvukeni nasekuthelelekeni kwezinsini.
izimpawu:
– Izinsini ezibomvu nezivuvukele
– Izinsini eziphuma igazi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuxubha noma sokuhlikihla nge-floss
- Umoya omubi
– Ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki ezinsinini
Ukuxilongwa:
- Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo
- Ukulinganisa ukujula kwesikhwama esizungeze amazinyo kusetshenziswa i-periodontal probe
– Kungadingeka ama-X-ray ukuze kuhlolwe kabanzi
Ukwelashwa:
- Izindlela zokuhlanzeka komlomo ezithuthukisiwe, okuhlanganisa ukuxubha njalo kanye nokuhlikihla nge-floss
- Ukuhlanza amazinyo kochwepheshe ukususa i-plaque ne-tartar
- Ukuhlanza umlomo okulwa namagciwane
- Imfundo ngamasu okunakekelwa komlomo afanele
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-gingivitis ingalungiseka ngokunakekelwa nokunakekelwa okufanele.
2. I-Periodontitis Engapheli
I-periodontitis engapheli iyindlela evame kakhulu ye-periodontitis futhi ithinta kakhulu abantu abadala, yize intsha nayo ingathinteka. Lesi simo sihilela ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo kanye nokubhujiswa kwe-ligament ye-periodontal kanye nethambo le-alveolar, okungabangela ukulahlekelwa amazinyo uma kungalashwa. I-periodontitis engapheli ibangelwa ukuba khona isikhathi eside kwe-plaque namabhaktheriya, okubangela impendulo ebhubhisayo yokuvuvukala ezinsinini nasezinhlakeni ezisekela amazinyo.
izimpawu:
- Umoya omubi ongapheli
– Ukuwohloka kwezinsini, okubangela amazinyo abukeka emide
- Ukwakheka kwezikhala ezijulile phakathi kwamazinyo nezinsini
- Amazinyo axegayo noma ashintshashintshayo
– Amathumba noma ubomvu phakathi kwezinsini namazinyo
Ukuxilongwa:
- Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo
- Ukuhlola ukujula kwesikhwama
- Izithombe ze-X-ray zokuhlola ukulahleka kwamathambo
Ukwelashwa:
– Ukusika nokususa izimpande (ukuhlanza okujulile ukuze kususwe i-plaque ne-tartar)
- Ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic, kungaba asetshenziswa endaweni noma asetshenziswa emzimbeni wonke
– Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa, njengokuhlinzwa kwe-flap noma ukufakelwa kwamathambo nezicubu, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu
- Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwe-periodontal kanye nokunakekelwa okulandelayo
3. I-Periodontitis Enamandla
I-periodontitis enamandla ayivamile kodwa ikhula ngokushesha kakhulu kune-periodontitis engapheli. Ngokuvamile ithinta abantu abasebasha futhi ibonakala ngokulahlekelwa ukunamathela okusheshayo kanye nokubhujiswa kwamathambo. Lesi simo singase sibe sendawo, sithinte amazinyo athile, noma siphelele, sihilela umlomo wonke.
izimpawu:
- Ukwehla kwezinsini ngokushesha
– Ukulahlekelwa amathambo ngokushesha
- Amaphakethe ajulile e-periodontal
- Umlando womndeni okhuphukile wesifo se-periodontal
Ukuxilongwa:
- Umlando wezokwelapha nowamazinyo onemininingwane
- Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kungacatshangelwa
- Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwemitholampilo ngokuhlola kanye ne-X-ray
Ukwelashwa:
- Kufana ne-periodontitis engapheli kodwa kungadinga ukungenelela okunamandla kakhulu
– Ukuhlanza okwenziwa njalo kochwepheshe
- Ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic kanye nama-antimicrobial agents
- Ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka ezigabeni ezithuthukile
4. Izifo Zezinsini Ezibulala Amazinyo
Izifo ze-periodontal ezibulala amazinyo ziyizimo zokuvuvukala ezinzima ezihlukaniswa yi-tissue necrosis (ukufa kwezicubu), izilonda, kanye nokuqala okusheshayo. Lezi zifo zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezimo zomzimba ezifana nokungondleki kahle, ukucindezeleka kwamasosha omzimba, kanye nokucindezeleka okukhulu. Zihlanganisa i-necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG), i-necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP), kanye ne-necrotizing stomatitis.
izimpawu:
– Izinsini ezibuhlungu ezihambisana nokopha kanye nezilonda
- Umoya omubi
– Ifilimu empunga emboza izindawo ezithintekile
- Umkhuhlane kanye nokungakhululeki ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu
Ukuxilongwa:
- Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwezimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-necrosis
- Umlando wezempilo ukuze kutholakale noma yiziphi izimo eziyisisekelo zesistimu
Ukwelashwa:
- Ukuhlanza kochwepheshe ukususa izicubu ezifile
- Ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic
- Ukuhlanzeka komlomo okuthuthukisiwe
- Ukuxazulula izinkinga zempilo eziyisisekelo
5. I-Periodontitis njengokubonakaliswa kwezifo zesistimu
Ezinye izifo ezithinta umzimba zingazibonakalisa ngesimo sezifo ze-periodontal. Izimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, kanye nezifo zokuphefumula zingadala noma zibe nomthelela ezinkingeni ze-periodontal. Lolu hlobo lwe-periodontitis ludinga indlela ephelele ebhekana nesimo somlomo kanye nezinkinga zempilo eziyisisekelo zomzimba.
izimpawu:
- Kufana ne-periodontitis engapheli, kodwa ngokuvamile inzima kakhulu
– Izimpawu zesifo somzimba nazo zingase zibe khona
Ukuxilongwa:
- Ukusebenzisana nochwepheshe bezokwelapha ukuthola nokuphatha isifo esihambisana nohlelo lomzimba
- Ukuhlolwa kwamazinyo okuphelele
Ukwelashwa:
- Ukunakekelwa okuhlanganisiwe phakathi kodokotela bamazinyo kanye nodokotela
- Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kwe-periodontal njengokukala, ukuhlunga izimpande, ama-antibiotic, kanye nokuhlinzwa
- Ukuphathwa kwezifo zesimiso somzimba ngemithi, izinguquko zendlela yokuphila, kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezifanele
Izinyathelo Zokuvimbela Nokugcinwa
Ukuvimbela izifo ze-periodontal kuvame ukuphathwa kalula kunokuzelapha. Nazi ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela kanye namathiphu okunakekela:
– Ukuvakashelwa njalo kwamazinyo: Ukuhlanza nokuhlolwa kochwepheshe kungadala izinkinga ze-periodontal kusenesikhathi.
– Ukuhlanzeka komlomo okuhle: Ukuxubha kabili ngosuku nge-fluoride toothpaste kanye ne-floss nsuku zonke kusiza ukususa i-plaque futhi kunciphise ingozi yezifo ze-periodontal.
– Ukudla okunempilo: Ukudla okunomsoco okunokudla okunoshukela kanye neziphuzo eziningi kusekela impilo yezinsini.
– Gwema ugwayi: Ukubhema nezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa ugwayi kwandisa ingozi yesifo se-periodontal.
– Phatha izimo zesimiso somzimba: Ukulawulwa okufanele kwezimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ze-periodontal.
Isiphetho
Izifo ze-periodontal zihlanganisa izimo ezahlukahlukene kusukela ku-gingivitis emnene kuya ezinhlotsheni ezinzima kakhulu njenge-periodontitis engapheli nenamandla, izifo ze-periodontal ezibulala amazinyo, kanye nokubonakaliswa kwezifo ze-periodontal zezifo zesistimu. Ukuqonda izinhlobo, izimpawu, ukuxilongwa, kanye nezinketho zokwelapha kubalulekile ekuphatheni lezi zimo nokuqinisekisa impilo yomlomo engcono kakhulu. Ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo njalo, imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka komlomo, kanye nendlela yokuthatha isinyathelo empilweni iyonke kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthola izifo ze-periodontal.
