Ubuchwepheshe Bokushaja Okusheshayo Ngokuphathwa Kokushisa Okuhlakaniphile
Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokushaja okusheshayo eminyakeni yamuva nje kushintshe indlela abantu abasebenzisa ngayo amadivayisi kagesi, ikakhulukazi ama-smartphone, ama-laptop, izinto ezigqokwayo, ngisho nezimoto zikagesi. Nakuba kwakuthatha amahora amaningi ukushaja ibhethri, amadivayisi amaningi manje angafinyelela amashumi amaphesenti ngemizuzu embalwa nje. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwalokhu kulula kukhona inselele enkulu yobuchwepheshe: ukushisa. Uma amandla ebhethri enikezwa kakhulu, ingozi yokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa iba nkulu. Yilapho ukuphathwa kokushisa okuhlakaniphile kudlala khona indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukushaja okusheshayo kuhlala kushesha, kuphephile, futhi kulondoloza impilo yebhethri.
Kungani Ukushaja Okusheshayo Kukhiqiza Ukushisa?
Kalula nje, ukushaja okusheshayo kusho ukuletha amandla engeziwe ebhethri ngesikhathi esifushane. Njengoba amandla adlulisiwe enyuka, amandla kagesi (ama-ampere) kanye/noma i-voltage (ama-volts) nawo ayanda. Ohlelweni lukagesi, ukushisa kukhiqizwa ukumelana emigqeni yokushaja, izixhumi, izifunda zokulawula amandla, kanye namaseli ebhethri ngokwawo. Uma amandla kagesi ephakeme, kulapho amandla okushisa eba makhulu khona.
Ngaphezu kokumelana, amabhethri e-lithium—kokubili i-lithium-ion kanye ne-lithium-polymer—anezici zamakhemikhali ezizwela izinga lokushisa. Lapho iseli lebhethri lithola ugesi ophezulu, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwangaphakathi kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, okungabangela ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa. Ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu akugcini nje ngokwenza idivayisi izwakale ishisa kodwa futhi kungasheshisa ukuwohloka kwebhethri, kunciphise umthamo, futhi kwandise nezingozi zokuphepha uma kungaphathwanga kahle.
Ukuvela Kokushaja Okusheshayo: Okusheshayo, Okuhlakaniphile Kakhulu
Ukushaja okusheshayo kwesimanje akusekho nje "ngokwandisa amandla." Abakhiqizi bathuthukisa izinqubo zokushaja ezifana ne-USB Power Delivery (USB PD), i-Qualcomm Quick Charge, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obuvela kubakhiqizi bamadivayisi. Empeleni, ishaja kanye nedivayisi ziyaxhumana ukuze kunqunywe inhlanganisela yamandla kagesi afanele.
Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokushaja okusheshayo, ukulawula kwakuvame ukuba lula: idivayisi yayicela ugesi ophezulu, bese iwunciphisa njengoba ibhethri lisondela ekugcwaleni okugcwele. Namuhla, uhlelo luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukushaja kuhlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana, isibonelo:
1. Isigaba sokuqala (ukushaja/ukulungisa): uma ibhethri liphansi, ugesi ukhuphuka kancane kancane.
2. Isigaba esisheshayo (ugesi oqhubekayo): ugesi ophezulu usetshenziswa ukwandisa umthamo ngokushesha.
3. Isigaba sokuzinza (i-voltage eqhubekayo): i-voltage iyagcinwa, amandla kagesi aqala ukwehla.
4. Isigaba esigcwele (esiphezulu/esiqondile): ukushaja kuyehliswa ukuze kuvikelwe ibhethri.
Esigabeni ngasinye, ukuphathwa kwezinga lokushisa okuhlakaniphile kuqapha njalo izimo futhi kulungisa amasu.
Kuyini Ukuphathwa Kokushisa Okuhlakaniphile?
Ukuphathwa kwezinga lokushisa okuhlakaniphile kuyisistimu ehlanganisiwe yezinzwa, ama-algorithm okulawula, kanye nomklamo wehadiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga okushisa ahlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele ephephile ngaphandle kokuphazamisa kakhulu isivinini sokushaja. Lolu hlelo lusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela, okusho ukuthi izinqumo zenziwa umzuzwana nomzuzu, ngisho nokushintsha njalo ngomzuzwana kuye ngezimo.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zifaka:
– Inzwa yokushisa: ngokuvamile i-thermistor noma inzwa yedijithali ebekwa eduze kwebhethri, ishaja i-IC, futhi ngezinye izikhathi endaweni yesixhumi se-USB.
– Ukuphathwa kwamandla e-IC (PMIC): i-chip elawula ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla, ibeka amandla kagesi/i-voltage, futhi inqamule ukushaja uma kuvela isimo esiyingozi.
– I-Firmware/i-algorithm: i-logic enquma ukuthi amandla angakhushulwa nini, ancishiswe, noma aqiniswe nini.
– Uhlelo lokusabalalisa ukushisa (umklamo wokushisa): umshini wokusabalalisa ukushisa, ishidi le-graphite, igumbi lomhwamuko, uhlaka lwe-aluminium, kanye nezinto zokushisa ezihambisa ukushisa kude nendawo eshisayo.
Amasu Ayisihluthulelo Okulawula Ukushisa Ngesikhathi Sokushaja Okusheshayo
1. Ukulungiswa Kwamandla Aguquguqukayo (Ukushaja Okuzivumelanisa Nezimo)
Esikhundleni sokugcina izinga lamandla liphezulu njalo, idivayisi ilungisa amandla ngokusekelwe ekushiseni kwangempela. Uma inzwa ithola izinga lokushisa elisondela emkhawulweni othile, uhlelo luzonciphisa amandla kagesi noma lushintshe iphrofayili ye-voltage. Lokhu kwenza ukushaja kuhambe kancane, kodwa kuphephe kakhulu futhi kuzinze kakhudlwana.
2. Ukusatshalaliswa Kwemigqa Yokushaja (Iphampu Yokushaja Yamaseli Amaningi noma Amabili)
Amanye amadivayisi asebenzisa idizayini yebhethri enamaseli amabili noma isekethe yephampu yokushaja ukuze abelane ngomthwalo. Ngokuhlukanisa ugesi phakathi kwamaseli amabili noma izindlela ezimbili, ukushisa kungancishiswa endaweni eyodwa. Lobu buchwepheshe buvame ukutholakala kuma-smartphone ashaja ngokushesha anamandla amakhulu kakhulu.
3. Ukuqapha Izindawo Ezishisayo Ezingaphezu Kweyodwa
Ukuphathwa kwezinga lokushisa okuhlakaniphile akugcini nje ngokuqapha ibhethri. I-IC yokushaja, indawo yembobo, kanye nezinga lokushisa elizungezile nakho kuyizinto ezibalulekile. Isibonelo, ukushaja okusheshayo kungancishiswa uma idivayisi isemotweni eshisayo, noma lapho idlala—njengoba umthwalo we-CPU/GPU wengeza omunye umthombo wokushisa.
4. Ukucindezela Okushisayo Okubushelelezi
Igama elithi "throttling" livame ukuzwakala ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezifana nama-processor, kodwa umqondo uyafana ekushajeni. Umehluko ukuthi izinhlelo zesimanje zizama ukugwema ukuwa okungazelelwe. Ngokulawula kancane kancane, abasebenzisi ababi nokukhuphuka okukhulu kokushaja, futhi amazinga okushisa azinzile.
5. Ukubikezela Ukuziphatha Komsebenzisi
Abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa ukushaja okuhambisanayo okucabangela imikhuba yomsebenzisi. Isibonelo, uma umsebenzisi eshaja ubusuku bonke, idivayisi ingabamba ukushaja ezingeni elithile (isb., 80–90%) bese ishaja kuze kube ngu-100% eduze nesikhathi sokuvuka. Umgomo ukunciphisa isikhathi ibhethri elivezwa ngaso ku-voltage ephezulu kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise isikhathi sayo sokuphila.
Umthelela Wokuphathwa Kokushisa Okuhlakaniphile Empilweni Yebhethri
Amabhethri e-lithium athintwa kakhulu yizici ezimbili ezinkulu: izinga lokushisa kanye ne-voltage ephezulu ende. Ukushaja okusheshayo kuvame ukwenza kube kubi kakhulu kokubili. Ngaphandle kokuphathwa kahle kwezinga lokushisa, imijikelezo yokushaja okusheshayo ingasheshisa ukuwohloka kwamandla. Yingakho amadivayisi amaningi "ezizwa eshesha" ekuqaleni, kodwa ngemva konyaka noma emibili, ibhethri libonakala liphelelwa amandla ngokushesha.
Ngokuphathwa kokushisa okuhlakaniphile, uhlelo luzama ukugcina ibhethri ngaphakathi "kwendawo ephephile"—ngokwesibonelo, ngokunciphisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokulawula isigaba esiphezulu ukuthi singabi namandla kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukushaja okusheshayo kusengajatshulelwa ngenkathi kunciphisa ukuwohloka kwebhethri.
Izinselele Nokuzivumelanisa Nezimo
Ngisho noma ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, kunezinye izindlela ezingenakugwenywa zokuyekethisa:
– Isivinini vs izinga lokushisa: uma ukushaja kushesha, kuba nzima ukugcina izinga lokushisa liphansi, ikakhulukazi kumadivayisi amancane.
– Usayizi wedivayisi: ama-smartphone amancane anesikhala esilinganiselwe sezinhlelo zokupholisa.
– Ikhwalithi yekhebula ne-adaptha: izintambo zekhwalithi ephansi zandisa ukumelana, zikhiqiza ukushisa, futhi zibangela ukuthi uhlelo lulahlekelwe amandla.
– Indawo: izinga lokushisa legumbi, ukuchayeka elangeni, noma ukusebenzisa ikesi elijiyile kungathinta ukushabalaliswa kokushisa.
Ngakho-ke, ulwazi lokushaja okusheshayo lungahluka kuye ngezimo. Ekamelweni elipholile, idivayisi ingahlala izinzile emandleni aphezulu isikhathi eside. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ezindaweni ezishisayo, isivinini singase sehle njengoba uhlelo luvikela izingxenye.
Ikusasa: Ukushaja Okusheshayo Okuphephile Nokusebenza Kakhulu
Esikhathini esizayo, ukushaja okusheshayo kuzosekelwa kakhulu yinhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe: izinto zebhethri ezingamelani nokushisa, izinzwa ezinembe kakhudlwana, ama-algorithms asekelwe ekufundeni komshini, kanye nemiklamo yokushisa ethuthukisiwe kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindinganiso zomhlaba wonke njenge-USB PD ziyaqhubeka nokuguquka ukuze zenze uhlelo lwe-ecosystem yeshaja-ikhebula-ledivayisi luhambisane kakhudlwana, luphephe, futhi lusebenze kahle.
Ngasohlangothini lomsebenzisi, ukuqaphela nakho kubalulekile. Ukushaja endaweni epholile, ukusebenzisa ishaja nekhebula elisezingeni eliphezulu, nokugwema ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokushaja okusheshayo kungasiza uhlelo lokuphatha izinga lokushisa ukuthi lusebenze kahle.
I-Penutup
Ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okusheshayo abugcini nje ngokushaja ngokushesha, kodwa bumayelana nokuletha amandla aphezulu kumabhethri azwelayo ngokuphepha. Ukuphathwa kokushisa okuhlakaniphile kuyisisekelo esibalulekile sokuqina kokushaja okusheshayo kwesimanje: ukuqapha izinzwa, ukulungisa amandla ngokuguquguqukayo, ukwabelana ngomthwalo, kanye nokwenza ngcono umklamo wokushaja ukushisa. Umphumela uwukuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi okulula kakhulu ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuphepha nokuphila kwebhethri. Enkathini yamadivayisi axhunywe njalo kanye nokuhamba okuphezulu, inhlanganisela yokushaja okusheshayo kanye nokuphathwa kokushisa okuhlakaniphile kuzoqhubeka nokuba ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko emikhiqizweni eyahlukahlukene ye-elekthronikhi namuhla nasesikhathini esizayo.
